geog5839.13, sampling strategies
TRANSCRIPT
the ‘detrended’ring-width
index
October 18
The linear aggregate model of tree growthOctober 23
Sampling strategies
THE PRINCIPLE OF ECOLOGICAL AMPLITUDEA tree species may grow and reproduce over a certain range of habitats; that range is described as its ecological amplitude. Trees that grow near the margins or limits of their ecological amplitude are o!en sensitive to changes in their environment.
h"p://esp.cr.usgs.gov/data/atlas/li"le/
Source: Phil Camill
Average temperatures are remarkably consistent at treeline locations around the world.
Source: Körner and Paulsen, Journal of Biogeography, 2004
Growth is controlled by the scarcest resource (limiting factor), not the total amount of resources available
LAW MINIMUMTHE OF THE
THE PRINCIPLE OF SITE SELECTIONDendrochronologists should apply the principles of limiting factors and ecological amplitude to determine which trees are most likely to provide information about a specific environmental signal.
ecotone a transitional area where one plant community changes into another, usually caused by changes in the environment such as changes in elevation or soil characteristics.
h"p://esp.cr.usgs.gov/data/atlas/li"le/
Source: Greg Brooks
Source: Phil Camill
h"p://esp.cr.usgs.gov/data/atlas/li"le/
Dr. Hal Fri"sUniversity of Arizona
Source: Fritts et al., Ecology, 1965
where do we find old trees?
Trees can grow anywhere!
Source: Tom Harlan
Intermountain bristlecone pine 4,844 years
h"p://esp.cr.usgs.gov/data/atlas/li"le/
Methuselah Ridge
Source: Tom Harlan
Bristlecone comparison photos
Wind erosion on bristlecone tag
Source: Tom Harlan
Bristlecone vista
Alerce 3,622 years
Source: Tim Waters
distribution map ofFITZROYA CUPRESSOIDES
Giant sequoia 3,266 years
Source: Julie Jordan Sco!
h"p://esp.cr.usgs.gov/data/atlas/li"le/
Source: Byron Hetrick
Bristlecone vista
Coast redwood 2,200 years
Source: hoppinjonn
h"p://esp.cr.usgs.gov/data/atlas/li"le/
Source: Brandi Korte
Source: Ralph Sievert
The Seward oak 330 yr?
Source: Danny Margoles
White cedar 1452
OLDLIST h"p://www.rmtrr.org/oldlist.htm
Eastern OLDLIST h"p://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/~adk/oldlisteast/
Yoda
Size ma"ers not. Look at me. Judge me by my size, do you? Hm? Mmmm.
“ ”
Crown shapefla"ened, ‘bonsai’ shape, sparse and open, may be lopsided.
Branchesfew but large
Trunk shapecolumnar
youngest
middle
oldest
good sites poor sites
IDEALIZED SILHOUETTES OF PONDEROSA PINES
Source: Huckaby et al., 2003
Dr. Neil Pederson Lamont-Doherty Earth Observation
Pederson, N. 2010. External characteristics of old trees in the Eastern Deciduous Forest. Natural Areas Journal 30, 396:407.
SIX CHARACTERISTICS OF OLD TREES
smooth bark
low stem taper
high stem sinuosity
crowns with few, thick, twisting limbs
low crown volume
low ratio of leaf area to trunk volume
Quercus alba <150 yr, with flaky bark
Source: Neil Pederson
Quercus alba >250 yr, with low ridging on the bark
Source: Neil Pederson
Liriodendron tulipifera ca. 80 yr
Source: Neil Pederson
Liriodendron tulipifera ca. 500 yr
Source: Neil Pederson
Quercus muehlenbergii ca. 399 yr, with a low stem taper
Source: A. Wiggs
Lirodendron tulipifera showing serpentine bole and characteristic crown architecture
Source: Neil Pederson
Quercus muehlenbergii ca. 348 yr, with only a few large branches in its crown.
Source: Neil Pederson
Source: Diane Main
L. tulipifera with broken crown (le!) and a celery top crown (right)
Source: Neil Pederson
Source: Imagin Extra
where do we find tree-ring data?
INTERNATIONAL
TREE-RING DATABANK
h"p://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/treering.html
Exercise!Use Google Earth to review the global distribution of tree-ring data.
THE PRINCIPLE OF
ECOLOGICAL AMPLITUDE
THE PRINCIPLE OF
SITE SELECTION
THE PRINCIPLE OF
AGGREGATE TREE GROWTH
THE PRINCIPLE OF
REPLICATION
STANDARDIZATION
THE PRINCIPLE OF
CROSS-DATING
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