from accelerated aging tests to a lifetime prediction ......johannes schmalstieg 1,3, stefan käbitz...
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EVS27 - Barcelona
From Accelerated Aging Tests to a Lifetime Prediction Model: Analyzing Lithium-Ion Batteries
Updating
parameters
Stress factors:
t, T, U, Q, DOD, ØU
Load profile +
Temperature profile
(I or P, T)
Initial
impedance
parameter
Fitted
aging
parameters
Lifetime
prognosis
18.11.2013
Johannes Schmalstieg1,3, Stefan Käbitz1,3,
Madeleine Ecker1,3, Dirk Uwe Sauer1,2,3
1 Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage Group, Institute for Power Electronics and Electrical
Drives (ISEA), RWTH Aachen University, Germany
2 Institute for Power Generation and Storage Systems (PGS), E.ON ERC, RWTH Aachen University, Germany
3 Jülich Aachen Research Alliance, JARA-Energy, Germany
Why lifetime estimation?
18.11.2013 Johannes Schmalstieg
vehiclemy.com
topoften.com
- €
200 €
400 €
600 €
800 €
iPhone
- €
5.000 €
10.000 €
15.000 €
20.000 €
25.000 €
eSmart
2
Real life tests using application specific load profiles
Valid only for pre-defined scenario
Time consuming
Aging model
Accelerated aging tests
at defined conditions
Can be used for a wide
range of load profiles
Methods of lifetime estimation
18.11.2013 3Johannes Schmalstieg
Accelerated aging tests
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calendar aging cycle agingcalendar aging cycle agingcalendar aging cycle aging
1C, 35 °C
Uniform capacity
aging
Two step fitting
1. Fit ∙ .
to single tests
2. Analyze on
voltage and temperature
influence
Calendar aging: Time dependency
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calendar aging cycle aging
50 °C
Calendar aging: Temperature + voltage dependency
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calendar aging cycle aging
Temperature dependency
matches Arrhenius equation
Analyse fit factor
∙ .
Cycle aging results
corrected by calendar
aging
Fit function
∙
Cycle agingCharge throughput dependency
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1C, 35 °C
calendar aging cycle aging
Cycle aging:Cycle depth + average voltage dependency
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calendar aging cycle aging
Holistic model
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Updating
parameters
Stress factors:
t, T, U, Q, DOD, ØU
Load profile +
Temperature profile
(I or P, T)
Initial
impedance
parameter
Fitted
aging
parameters
Lifetime
prognosis
calendar aging cycle aging
Impedance based electric
model
Lookup tables for parameters at
different temperatures and SOC
Simple thermal model
Electric-thermal model
18.11.2013 Johannes Schmalstieg
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
-4
-3.5
-3
-2.5
-2
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
Re(Z) / mΩ
Im(Z) / mΩ
90% SOC
70% SOC
50% SOC
30% SOC
10% SOC
1,77 kHz1085mHz
610mHz
10
Heat transfer
resistance
Aging model
18.11.2013 Johannes Schmalstieg 11
Verification profile
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1
2
3
+10 °C
+20 °C
Verification
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Profile 1 Profile 2 Profile 3
+0°C
+10°C
+20°C
Commercial 18650 cell aged at accelerated conditions
Describe capacity loss and resistance increase by mathematical functions
Holistic model simulates calendar and cycle life
Current or power profiles can be applied
Ambient air temperature profiles are possible
Verification has a good match
A powerful tool to optimize BMS strategies and battery lifetime
Conclusion
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Thank you for your attention
This work has been developed in the projects “e performance” (13N10656) and “e
production” (16N12035), funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and
Research.
18.11.2013 Johannes Schmalstieg 15
EVS27 - Barcelona
From Accelerated Aging Tests to a Lifetime Prediction Model: Analyzing Lithium-Ion Batteries
Updating
parameters
Stress factors:
t, T, U, Q, DOD, ØU
Load profile +
Temperature profile
(I or P, T)
Initial
impedance
parameter
Fitted
ageing
parameters
Lifetime
prognosis
18.11.2013
Johannes Schmalstieg1,3, Stefan Käbitz1,3,
Madeleine Ecker1,3, Dirk Uwe Sauer1,2,3
1 Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage Group, Institute for Power Electronics and Electrical
Drives (ISEA), RWTH Aachen University, Germany
2 Institute for Power Generation and Storage Systems (PGS), E.ON ERC, RWTH Aachen University, Germany
3 Jülich Aachen Research Alliance, JARA-Energy, Germany
18.11.2013 Johannes Schmalstieg
Calendar aging: Time fitting
18.11.2013 Johannes Schmalstieg 18
18.11.2013 19Johannes Schmalstieg
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