french revolution
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The French Revolution
1789-1815
French Revolution • 10.2.3
You will learn• How the ideas of the Enlightenment led to
Revolutions in America and France.
• Learning Objective Students will list the causes of the French
Revolution.
Warm Up #1: Ch 3 Section 1
French Society Divided
1. Which group made up the 1st Estate? (p.108)2. Which group made up the 2nd Estate?(p.108)3. Which group made up the 3rd Estate? (p.108)4. Which two Estates did not have to pay taxes?
(p.108-109)5. Who targeted and criticized the Church during
the Enlightenment? (.109)6. Which estate did the bourgeoisie belong to?
(p.109)7. What was the bourgeoisie?(p.109)8. What groups were a part of the bourgeoisie?
(p.109)
Spreads to the rest ofEurope
Spreads to 13 American Colonies
EnlightenmentStarts in Great Britain
American RevolutionBritain vs American Colonies
French RevolutionThe People vs Monarchy
Who does the government get its Power from?
PEOPLE
1776-1781 1789-1799
FranceAmerican Revolution
French Revolution
Britain
•The French helped the AmericanColonists win the American Revolution.•But the Americans didnot help the French during The French Revolution
France
France
Just as the Scientific Revolution paved the way for the
Enlightenment …
Paving the way!
…Enlightenment ideas paved the way for the French Revolution.
Revolution
Enlightenment Ideas
GovernmentGets power from
People“Popular Sovereignty”
People have natural RightsLife, Liberty, Property
People have the right toOverthrow a govt. who does
Not protect their rights
SpeechSeparation of Powers Elections
Legislative, ExecutiveJudicial
Checks and Balances
religion
press
Democracy
Republic
American Revolution
French Revolution
Causes of the French Revolution
Inequalities among classes:
Third Estateready to revolt!
SoaringNational debt =
deficit spending
Enlightenment Ideas:*Natural Rights
and equality!
Louis XVI failed economic reform
Locke: Natural Rights=life liberty and property.Voltaire:Battled corruption,injustice and inequality.
American Revolution
Formation of the National Assembly
Storming the Bastille
Soaring Food Prices:
Bread riots
Bad Harvest
Hunger and Poverty
Causes of the French Revolution
Tennis Court Oath
Estates-General
French Society Divided
Before the French Revolution, France operated under a social
system in which there were three classes of people. The highest was
made up of the clergy, the next was composed of the nobility and the
lowest was for everyone else. Members of this lowest class, called the
Third Estate, paid all of the taxes.
The French RevolutionSection 1: On the Eve of Revolution
French Society Divided 1st Estate (Clergy) = Church leaders
• Enjoyed wealth and land • Paid no direct taxes to the state • High church leaders were usually nobles • Condemned the Enlightenment for undermining religion
2nd Estate (Nobles):
• Usually knights that defended land = royal military • Given top jobs in the government, the army, courts and the
church • Paid no direct taxes to the state
The Third Estate
3rd Estate (Peasants and Bourgeoisie = upper working class):
• Most diverse social class • Bourgeoisie = Merchants, bankers, manufactures, lawyers,
doctors, professors, journalist = (upper working class) • Poorest members= journeymen, apprentices, servants,
construction workers and street sellers = (urban workers) • High unemployment
*They paid all of the taxes
French Society
1st Estate Clergy
2nd Estate: Nobles
Third Estate: Everyone else
Atlantic Ocean
MediterraneanSeaSpain
Great Britain
English Channel
France1700s
Paris
• Versailles
Seine R.
Pyrenees Mts.
Alps
Estates (Social Classes) in France
0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%
100%
LandOwnership
Taxation Population
ClergyNobilityCommoners
Third Estate
Eur
ope
What is the significance/importance of this cartoon?
It shows how the king, 1st Estate, and the 2nd Estate abused, used anddepended on the 3rd Estate
Direct Causes of the Direct Causes of the French RevolutionFrench Revolution
Causes1. Inequalities between the1st, 2nd, 3rd estates or
three social classes. 2. Monarchy Deficit Spending France suffered from soaring debt during the lavish reigns of Louis XIV, Louis XV, and
Louis XVI. Finally, Louis XVI was forced to summon the Estates-General in hopes of ending the debt crisis.
3.Hunger and Poverty Bad Harvests = majority of people were broke and hungry >>>> Leads to Bread Riots and nobles’ fear of taxes.
4. Reform fails! Estates-General dead-locked and can not agree on issue of voting.
Indirect Causes of the Indirect Causes of the French RevolutionFrench Revolution
Enlightenment ideas of John Locke: *It is the elected government's responsibility to protect the peoples natural rights and if it does not fill this obligation or violates the peoples natural rights, then the people have the right to overthrow that government.
American Revolution ideas of liberty and equality.
*( U.S. Constitution was signed 2 yrs before, in 1787)
*Many members of the Third Estate were inspired by Enlightenment ideas.
a) They wanted representation in government.b) They no longer believed monarchs had “divine right” = belief that their ruler’s power comes from God!c) They were inspired by the American Revolution
No more divine right!
“The Enlightenment of the Third Estate”
The French Monarchy:The French Monarchy:1775 - 17931775 - 1793
Louis XVI & Marie Louis XVI & Marie AntoinetteAntoinette
King Louis XVI
• This king was spoiled and weak.
• He led France deeply into debt through his severe deficit spending =(spending more $dinero$ than you have).
• He had to call on the Estates- General to help fix some problems, but his reforms failed.
Last time it was called into Last time it was called into session was 1614!session was 1614!
King Louis XVI calls the King Louis XVI calls the Estates-General Estates-General
Estates-General
• The King told the Estates General to make a list of all their problems* 3rd Estates main problem is representation.
• Largest group with only one vote in the Estates General• 3rd estate wanted each person’s vote to count • The 1st and 2nd estates did note want to hear what the 3rd estate had to
say or compromise on voting fairly.
To protest the unfair voting the Third Estate tells the king to “get lost” and they make their own government calling themselves the National Assembly.
Estates GeneralEstates General
King Louis XVI called all three Estates King Louis XVI called all three Estates together to vote on how to fix the issues together to vote on how to fix the issues France was facing.France was facing.
France’s Population France’s Estates Representatives
First estate: clergySecond estate: noblesThird Estate: everyone else
1 vote
1 vote1 vote
1% 2%
97%
Estates - General
• Estates-General Made up of the 3
Estates Unfair for 3rd
Estate• Because the 1st
and 2nd Estates out vote the 3rd
1 vote
1 vote
1 vote
First estate: clergySecond estate: noblesThird Estate: everyone else
The Estates-General Fails!
• The Estates-General could not agree on a fair way to vote, so members of the Third Estate finally declared themselves as the new National Assembly, the new government of France that would represent the majority of the people. They were joined by some reform-minded clergy and nobles as well.
• Tennis Court Oath = Then they met at a near by indoor tennis court and they swore never to separate until they created a constitution.
Tennis Court Oath
I promise to…
““The Tennis Court Oath”The Tennis Court Oath”
The National Assembly promised never to The National Assembly promised never to give up, until they had created a lasting give up, until they had created a lasting Constitution! Constitution!
Storming the BastilleStorming the Bastille July 14, 1789July 14, 1789
*The Third Estate *The Third Estate acted on a rumor acted on a rumor that the king was that the king was planning a military planning a military coup against the coup against the National Assembly.National Assembly.
*The Third Estate *The Third Estate attacks the Bastille, attacks the Bastille, because it has because it has gunpowder and gunpowder and weapons they need weapons they need to fight the to fight the Revolution.Revolution.
The Bastille
The Great Fear: Peasant RevoltThe Great Fear: Peasant Revolt(July 20, 1789)(July 20, 1789)
*Rumors that the King and the nobles were sending their *Rumors that the King and the nobles were sending their military to attack peasants, pillage their land and put military to attack peasants, pillage their land and put down the revolt.down the revolt.
The French Revolution Unfolds
• Inflamed by famine (starvation) and fear peasants unleashed their fury on the nobles who were trying to regain power.
• Factions or dissenting groups (people with different ideas) fought for control of the government.
• The Declaration of Rights of Man was issued by the new National Assembly.
““The Third Estate The Third Estate Awakens”Awakens”
They proclaimed themselves the They proclaimed themselves the “National Assembly”“National Assembly” of France. of France.
Marie Antoinette
• Although people were starving and the country was broke, the royal family showed off their wealth and continued to spend money.
• Queen Marie Antoinette : lived a life of great pleasure and extravagance.
• *The angry women marched on to the King and Queen’s palace in Versailles, Paris, demanding “Bread!”
Bread was a main part of the French diet!
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
% of Income Spent on Bread
17871788
Bread riots
• People were hungry; the country was broke.
• Marie Antoinette said, “let them eat cake!”
• This picture is from an all-woman bread riot.
What is the significance/importance of this cartoon?It shows how the other European rulers feared the spread of the French Revolution
Catherine of Russian, the Pope, King Leopold, and King George IIIThe Revolution is portrayed as the Bubonic Plague (diseased Rats)
with the main killing machine, (guillotine) as the tail
GuillotineFrench Rats
“The French Plague”
*Textbook p.118
Monarchs from other European countries
1. List the rights that French men gained as a result of the Declaration of the Rights of Man? (115)
• Life, liberty, property
2. How did the Constitution of 1791 change the monarchy? (117)
• It went from an absolute monarchy to a limited monarchy
(Constitutional Monarchy)
3. What new powers did the Legislative Assembly have? (117)
• Collect taxes, and declare war or peace
4. What did King Louis try to do in June 1791? (118)
• He tried to escape in disguise, but was caught and sent back to Paris. He was now hated more than ever. He became a traitor.
Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen (1789)
• The National Assembly created their own Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen modeled after TJ’s “Declaration of Independence”.
Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen:
“Liberty, Equality, Fraternity”
The slogan/motto of the French Revolution 1789
Declaration of the Rights of Man Approved by the National Assembly of France, August 26, 1789
The rep resentatives of the French people, organ ized as a National Assembly, believing that the ignorance, neglect, or contempt of the rights of man are the sole cause of public calamities and of the corruption of gove rnments, have determined to set forth in a solemn declaration the natur al, unalienable, and sacred rights of man, in order that this declaration, being constan tly before all the members of the Social body, shall remind them continually of their rights and duties; in order that the acts of the legislative power, as well as those of the executive power, may be compared at any moment with the objects and purposes of all political institutions and may thus be more respected, and, lastly, in order that the grievances of the citizens, based hereafter upon simple and incontestab le principles, shall tend to the maintenance of the constitution and redound to the happiness of all. Therefore the National Assembly recognizes and proclaims, in the presence and under the auspices of the Supreme Being, the following rights of man and of the citizen:
Articles:
1. Men are born and remain free and equal in rights. Social distinctions may be founded only upon the general good.
2. The aim of all political association is the preservation of the natural rights of man. These rights are liberty, property, security, and resistance to oppression.
3. The principle of all sovereignty resides essentially in the nation. No body nor individual may exercise any authority which does not proceed directly from the nation.
4. Liberty consists in the freedom to do everything which injures no one else; hence the exercise of the natural rights of each man has no limits except those which assure to the other members of the society the enjoyment of the same rights. These limits can only be determined by law.
5. Law can only prohibit such actions as are hurtful to society. Nothing may be prevented which is not forbidden by law, and no one may be forced to do an ything not p rovided for by law.
6. Law is the expression of the general will. Every citizen has a right to part icipate persona lly, or through his representative, in its foundation. It must be the same for all, whether it protec ts or punishes. All citizens, being equal in the eyes of the law, are equally eligible to all dignities and to all public positions and occupations, according to their abilities, and without distinction except that of th eir virtues and t alents.
7. No person shall be accused, arrested, or imprisoned except in the cases and according to the forms prescribed by law. Any one soliciting, transmitting, executing, or cau sing to be executed, any arbitrary order, shall be punished. But any citizen summoned or arrested in virtue of the law shall submit without delay, as resistance constitutes an offe nse.
8. The law shall provide for such punishments only as are strictly and obviously necessary, and no one shall suffer punishment except it be legally inflicted in virtue of a law passed and promulgated before the commission of the offense.
9. As all persons are held innocent until they shall have been declared guilty, if arrest shall be deemed indispensable, all harshness not essential to the securing of the prisoner's person shall be severely repressed by law.
10. No one shall be disquieted on account of his opinions, including his religious views, provided their manifestation does not disturb the public order established by law.
11. The free communication of ideas and opinions is one of the most precious of the rights of man. Every citizen may, accordingly, speak, write, and print with freedom, but shall be responsible for such abuses of this freedom as shall be defined by law.
12. The securi ty of the rights of man and of the citizen req uires public military forces. These forces are, therefore, established for the good of all and not for the p ersonal advantage of those to whom they shall be intrusted .
13. A common contribution (taxes) is essential for the maintenance of the public forces and for the c ost of administration. This shoul d be equitably distributed among all the citizens in proportion to their means.
14. All the citizens have a right to decide, either personally or by their representatives, as to the nece ssity of the public contribution ; to grant this freely; to know to what uses it is put; and to fix the proportion, the mode of assessment and of c ollection and the duration of the taxes.
15. Society has the right to re quire of every public agent an account of his administration.
16. A society in which the observance of the law is not assured, nor the separa tion of powers defined, has no constitution at all.
17. Since property is an inviolable and sacred right, no one shall be deprived there of except where public necessity, legally determined, shall clearly demand it, and then o nly on condition that the owner shall have been previously and equitably indemnified
Constitution of 1791
• The National Assembly fulfills the promise Tennis Court Oath.
• The new Legislative Assembly is created to make laws, collect taxes and decide on issues of war and peace.
• The new French Constitution of 1791 makes many reforms or changes to the way the government operates.
Political• Declared all males were
equal before the law• Limited the power of the
monarchy• Established the Legislative
Assembly to make laws and collect taxes
• Granted all tax-paying male citizens the right to elect members of the Legislative Assembly
Social and Economic
• Abolished special privileges of the nobility
• Announced an end to Feudalism
• Taxes will be levied on ability to pay them
Reforms made by the National Assembly
ReformsReforms are changes made to fix laws and the way a gov’t system operates.
Religious
•Declared freedom of religion•Took over and sold church lands•Placed the French Catholic Church under the power of the state•Clergy was to be elected and received government salaries
Reforms made by the National Assembly: (Continued)
National AssemblyNow France has Three Branches of Government
Louis XVI “Accepts” the Constitution Louis XVI “Accepts” the Constitution & the National Assembly. 1791& the National Assembly. 1791
Warm Up
What type of government did the san-cullotes demand by 1791? (119)
• Republic
How did the Legislative Assembly try to spread the revolution in 1792? (119)
• They declared war on Prussia, Austria and Britain.
1791:
The Legislative Assembly, split into three general groups.
Radicals Moderates Conservatives
Political Factions = groups with different ideas.
(Liberals)
“Right wing”“Left wing”
The extreme radicals were the sans-culotte.
The extreme conservatives were the émigrés.
Political Extremes
•The sans-culotte push the revolution into the radical phase,they demanded a republic - No Monarchy!
Monarchs, Clergy and Nobles
The Legislative Assembly eventually gave up the idea offorming a limited monarchy and was forced to turn control over to the radicals; the new governing body called itself the
National ConventionNational Convention..
Radicals create the National Convention
Radicals that want toAbolish the Monarchy!
Want to create a Republic!
The National Convention abolished themonarchy and declared France a republic.
France is a republic!
Sept. 1792: France becomes a Republic!
The King and Queen were executed!
Robespierre won the power struggle; attemptswere made to destroy all traces of the monarchyand nobility. That led to the Reign of Terror.
1793 - 1794
“Radical”
Radicals killed over 17,000with the guillotine!
“Revolutions devour their own children.”
July 28, 1794:Robespierre himself became a victimof the guillotine = execution device; a large bladeslides down a track from above chopping the head off the body.
End of the Reign of Terror
The Directory
• Many of the victims of the Reign of Terror were fellow radicals who had fallen out of favor with Robespierre and the radical Jacobins.
• The National Convention arrested Robespierre and his allies, convicted them of treason, and executed them.
• A group of moderate minded men seized power and ruled from 1795 to 1799 under a new government called the Directory.
• The Directory sought a middle way between the Ancien Regime and radical revolution but had little success.
• In Nov 1799,Napoleon Bonaparte staged a coup d’etat and seized power.
*Moderate leaders drafted a new Constitution, which set up a new government the Directory and a two house legislature.All power was put into the hands of the Directory.
1795: The Directory
Though corrupt, the Directory did provideFrance with a period of order.They also found the right general to commandFrance’s armies:
Napoleon Bonaparte
A New General
Napoleon (1769-1821)
• Napoleon was an officer under King Louis XVI and had become a general at age 24.
• He then led the French army in many successful battles
But that wasn’t enough –Napoleon wanted MORE power.
1804:
With the support of the French voters,Napoleon made himself emperor.
More power!
Napoleon (1769-1821)
• In 1799, he returned to France and joined the Directory, but when Austria, Russia, and Britain formed a coalition to attack France and end the Revolution, Napoleon staged a coup (to overthrow the government)
• He overthrew the Directory, imposed a new constitution, and named himself first consul
• *In 1802, he became consul for life and in 1804 crowned himself emperor.
Napoleon’s Coronation
France under Napoleon
• Brought stability to France• Napoleonic Code = established the Civil Code of laws which further
stabilized France• Confirmed many of the moderate revolutionary policies of the
National Assembly but removed many measures passed by the more radical Convention.
• Affirmed the political and legal equality of all adult men• Made peace with the Catholic Church
Through the Concordat with the pope in 1801 France would retain freedom of religion Established a merit-based society in which individuals qualified for
education and employment because of talent rather than birth or social standing
Napoleon as Authoritarian
• Limited free speech and used censorship of newspapers
• Established a secret police force and detained thousands of political opponents
• Manipulated public opinion through systematic propaganda
• Surrounded himself with loyal military officers
• Set his family above and apart from the French people
Joseph Fouche, head of Napoleon’s secret police
French Expansion: 1791-French Expansion: 1791-17991799
End of Napoleon’s Empire
• In 1812, Napoleon decided to invade Russia, believing that the Russians were siding with the British.
• Napoleon and his “Grand Army” of 600,000 soldiers captured Moscow, but the Russians refused to surrender. Instead, Russians used the Scorched-Earth Policy=
burned their cities, leaving Napoleon without food, supplies or shelter.
• Napoleon was forced to retreat Defeated by “General Winter” Only 30,000 soldiers made it back to France
End of Napoleon's Empire
• The defeat in Russia sparked a coalition (combined effort) of British, Austrian, Prussian, and Russian armies to converge on France
• Forced Napoleon to abdicate (to give up) his throne in April 1814
• He was then exiled to Elba island in the Mediterranean Sea, but he escaped and fought one last battle in attempts to regain his power.
• Waterloo was Napoleon’s last battle where he lost to British and Prussian armies in Waterloo, Belgium.
• He was then exiled for life to another island further away in the South Atlantic Ocean (St. Helena)
End of Napoleon’s Empire
An episode from the retreat from Russia, by Nicolas-Toussaint Charlet
1815:Napoleon was defeated at Waterloo.
His “Waterloo”
End of Napoleon’s Empire
• The coalition restored the French monarchy and exiled Napoleon to the island of Elba, near Corsica
• In March 1815, Napoleon escaped, returned to France, and reconstituted his army
• This time the British defeated him at Waterloo and banished Napoleon to the remote island of St. Helena in the south Atlantic
• He died in 1821
Effects of the French Revolution
• Both the King and Queen were beheaded!
• The French Monarchy was no more.
• In addition to the Royal family, 17,000 people were executed with the guillotine.
Effects of the French Rev.
• The Enlightenment ideals and the American and French Revolutions also influenced: The Saint Domingue slave revolt Simon Bolivar in South America The abolition movement The Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the
Female Citizen Elizabeth Cady Stanton and women’s rights
movements
=
• Paris
3 Estates
=
• Versailles
Oct. 5, 1789: Paris Women march to
Versailles to protest the high cost of bread
Reign of TerrorGuillotine, which was use on King Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette
1st Estate: clergy2nd Estate: nobles3rd Estate: everyone else
Taxes and high costs of bread causes poverty
and hunger, then riots
1789 People of Paris storm the
Bastille
Compare and ContrastObjective Type of
WarfareReligion Philo-
sophical Rationale and Declara-
tions
Interna-tional
Reaction
Immedi-ate and Long-term
Results
Am Rev
Fr Rev
1. In 18th Century French society, which estate had to pay taxes?
A. FirstB. SecondC. ThirdD. fourth
2. Name the king and queen of France during this time.A. King John and Queen MaryB. King Louis 16 and Marie AntoinetteC. King William and Queen Marie
3. Define bourgeoisie.4. The clergy was a part of what estate?5. The nobility was a part of what estate?
Pop Quiz #4 French Estates
6. The ideas of which movement caused people challenge the Church and the Monarchy?
A. Glorious RevolutionB. EnlightenmentC. Industrial RevolutionD. American Revolution
7. Give an example of deficit spending?8. The Third Estate created their own government called what?
A. The Third Convention B. National AssemblyC. Estates-General
9. Why did the Third Estate attack the Bastille?10. Which estate took the Tennis Court Oath and what was it?
1. Which of the following was not a cause of the French Revolution?
a) Economic depression (bad harvest, high cost of food, unemployment
b) National Debt (due to wars and royalty costs)
c) King Louis’ assassination (By the Third Estate)
d) Enlightenment (new ideas: people have rights)
2. Why was voting in the Estates General unfair for the 3rd Estate?
a) They weren’t allowed to vote
b) They were only allowed one vote
c) Because only the doctors and lawyers could vote
d) Because the 1st and 2nd estate had more votes
3. What did the National assembly promise to do in the Tennis Court Oath?
a) To abolish the monarchy and set up a republic
b) To never separate and create a constitution
c) To declare war on Great Britain
d) To guillotine King Louis XVI
4. Why was the attack on the Bastille an important event?
a) It showed the people’s power
b) It showed the Revolution had begun
c) It showed that the people wanted to be independent from the king.
d) All of the above
5. What caused the king to call the Estates General?
a) Enlightenment ideas
b) New Laws
c) Problem with national debt, and taxes
d) American-Revolution
France
2. Name and Describe the social classes
1. Name the type of Government = Monarchy
1st Estate 2nd Estate
3rd Estate
France
“We promise to never separate and to create a Constitution”
August: National Assembly votes to endSpecial privileges and
DeclarationOf RightsOf Man
And Citizen
3. This action caused the beginning
of the Revolution
4. Who attacked this building and why? Explain what is happening
National Assembly
The Bastille
Tennis Court Oath
Constitution of
1791
Limited Monarchy
N.A. Takes control
Legislative AssemblyMake laws
Collect taxesDecide on War
Radicals take control of the Legislative Assembly
And set up a
Republic
Prussia, Britain, and Austria
VSFrance
That’s why were gonna kill’em,
in the big nine-three
Ya down with King Louis?
Hell no, not me
Male suffrage
King Louis & Maria Antoinette are
Guillotined
Monarchy is Abolished
17,000executed
Committee of Public Safety
RobespierreLive by the guillotine, die by the guillotine
Constitution Of 1795• 5 Man Directory
(Weak)
Émigrés ReturnGain power in Legislative Assembly
Constitution Of 1795• 5 Man Directory(Weak)
Émigrés ReturnGain power in Legislative Assembly
Estates (Social Classes)
1st Estate
2nd Estate
3rd EstatePaid all of the
Taxes
Paid
No Taxes
PaidNo Taxes
Bourgeoisie
King Louis XVI and his Queen Marie AntoinetteLoved to spend money$$$
Sans-culottes
King Louis XVI
Marie Antoinette
Robespierre
Napoleon
Atlantic Ocean
Mediterranean Sea
Black SeaFrance
Absolute Monarchy
Limited Monarchy
Great Britain
Ireland
AustrianEmpire
Prussia
SpainPor
tuga
l
Nor
way
Sw
eden
Russia
OttomanEmpire
Denmark
Poland
Switz
Ottoman Empire
Paris
Palace of Versailles
1789French
Revolution
Absolute Monarchy
Limited Monarchy
Atlantic Ocean
Mediterranean Sea
France
Great Britain
Ireland
AustrianEmpire
Prussia
SpainPor
tuga
l
Nor
way
Sw
eden
OttomanEmpire
Denmark
Poland
Switz
Black Sea
Russia
Ottoman Empire
Paris
Palace of Versailles
1789French
Revolution
Absolute Monarchy
Limited Monarchy
Atlantic Ocean
Mediterranean Sea
France
Great Britain
Ireland
AustrianEmpire
Prussia
SpainPor
tuga
l
Nor
way
Sw
eden
OttomanEmpire
Denmark
Poland
Switz
Black Sea
Russia
Ottoman Empire
Paris
Palace of Versailles
Absolute Monarchy
Limited Monarchy
Black Sea
Russia
Ottoman Empire
Atlantic Ocean
Mediterranean Sea
France
Great Britain
Ireland
AustrianEmpire
Prussia
SpainPor
tuga
l
Nor
way
Sw
eden
OttomanEmpire
Denmark
Poland
Switz
Paris
Palace of Versailles
Benchmark Review
1. All citizens of Athens had the right to vote in the assembly. What is this an example of ? Republic Militarism monarchy democracy
Benchmark Review
2. Judaism, Islam, and Christianity share a belief in The teachings of Lao Tzu Monotheism and ethical conduct reincarnation A prohibition on the consumption of pork
Benchmark Review
3. Who believed that in an ideal society the government should be controlled by a class of philosopher kings? Plato Lao Tzu Thomas Aquinas Muhammad
Benchmark Review
4. Which of the following is a concept from Athens that is central to Western political thought today Individuals should fight against nature Individual achievement, dignity, and worth are
of great importance Individual recognition impedes societal
progress Individuals play and insignificant role
Benchmark Review
5. Which of the following governments does not involve rule by a group? Democracy Aristocracy Oligarchy Monarchy
Benchmark Review
6. What was the international effect of the ratification of the US Constitution? It abolished slavery It caused all nations to establish state religions It made the idea governing though a single
written constitution popular. It ended the monarchy in England
Benchmark Review
7. What document from the American Revolution is the most imitated and most used in other national constitutions? The Articles of Confederation The Declaration of Independence The US Bill of Rights The Federalist Papers
Benchmark Review
8. What legacy has the US Constitution had in most foreign countries? It provided a model for the establishment of a
government by written law. It provided a model of separation of Church and State It provides a model for the separation of powers. It helped to abolish monarchy and dictatorship in
virtually all the nations of the world
Benchmark Review
9. When a country’s constitution requires the branches of government to remain independent of each other, its is adhering to the constitutional principle of ? Popular sovereignty Direct democracy Federalism Separation of powers
Benchmark Review
10. The ideas of John Locke and Rousseau influenced Simon Bolivar in his commitment to Maintain the peaceful rule of the Spanish Fight for democratic revolution in Latin America Negotiate a social contract between Spain and Latin
America Urge the Venezuelan govt. to separate into 3
branches
Benchmark Review Cont.
11. Solons helped to spread… Only ideas of the philosphes Only the ideas of political scientists Enlightenment ideas The geocentric theory
Benchmark Review
12. The philosophes used reason to address Abusive rulers Social issues British taxes All of the above
Benchmark Review
13. The English philosopher John Locke argued that life, liberty and property are.. Social rights guaranteed by the ruling class Natural rights that should be protected by
government Political rights to be granted as determined by
law Economic rights earned in a capitalistic
system
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14. What is the significant of the Magna Carta? It approved money for wars in France It allowed the monarch to abolish Paliament It limited the power of the pope It asserted that the monarch must obey the law
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15. The term “unalienable rights” in the Declaration of Independence refers to rights that… Immigrants do not possess A government grants its people A government cannot take away
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16. In English history, the Magna Carta, the Petition of Right, and the Bill of Rights all reinforced the concept of… Universal suffrage Religious toleration a laissez-faire economy A limited monarchy
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17. Both, the United States Declaration of Independence and French Declaration of the Rights of Man emphasized the idea that governments must Operate on a system of checks and balances Guarantee economic prosperity Protect the rights of people Support established religious beliefs
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18. The success of the formation of the US govt after the American Revolution served as an example to the peoples of Europe that
It was possible to set up a govt. based upon Enlightenment ideas
The social distinctions between the nobility and peasants was invalid and unnecessary
Building a nation on the concept of economic prosperity can be successful
All of the above
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19. Unlike the French Revolution, the American Revolution produced … Women’s suffrage Short term military rule A lasting constitution Strategic alliances
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20. The principles of the America Revolutionand the French Revolution are similar in many ways…Which of the following best summarizes their similarities Both supported equal rights for women Both favored representative govt. Both retained certain hereditary rights for
aristocrats Both limited voting rights to an economic elite
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