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TM
November 2013
TM 2
• SmallCell intro
• Freescale Small-Cell SoC Portfolio
• BSC913x product overview
• LTE L1 Software Architecture
• Demo information
• Summary
3 TM
• What is SmallCell?
− Wireless access points that operate in licensed spectrum (operator-managed)
− Provide improved cellular coverage, capacity and applications
• Why small Cells?
− Consumer demand for data services is growing unabated, with penetration of smartphones exceeding 40% in many countries and over 300 million being shipped annually. A large ecosystem of application vendors has emerged, reliant on “always on”, high speed, low-latency wireless connectivity.
− The volume of data is continuing to grow rapidly: Cisco predicts that the volume of wireless data will exceed that of wired data by 2015
− Solution - spectrum re-use
Source:www.smallcellforum.org
4 TM
• @20 MHz cell capacity (DL\UL) is –
144\72 mbps
• For a given area the throughput is
N(number of cells in the
region)xCap(cell capacity).
• In this example 15 cells 2160 \1080
mbps
5 TM
• If smaller cells with same
capacity are used the
overall capacity in the
area increases
• In this example we
introduced Frequency
reuse to central cell
• Overall capacity at this
cell increased by a factor
of 4
6 TM
Source:www.smallcellforum.org
7 TM
• Cost, physical size and range are the three dominant factors that define a small cell.
• LTE is expected to be the biggest driver for small cells.
• Most important reasons for deploying small cells are
1. Increase capacity (urban)
2. Increase coverage (rural)
3. Cover high-traffic public areas (urban+)
Femto cells deployments history
92 million small cells by 2016
8 TM
45 nm 28 nm 28 nm
• 32-100 users
(LTE (FDD, TDD), WCDMA) & multimode
• 2x4 MiMO
• 2x e500 and 2x SC3850;
MAPLE-B2P acceleration
• 8-16 users
(LTE (FDD, TDD), WCDMA, CDMAx) & multimode
• 2x2 MiMO
• 1x e500 and 1x SC3850; MAPLE-B2F acceleration
• Thousands of users
• Supports multiple standards
• Based on common architecture:
QorIQ Qonverge platform
Pico SoC BSC9312
Femto SoC PSC9131
Macro SoC B4860
9 TM
Tested Integration
Commercial LTE L1 Software
Reference Board Design
BSC913x SoC Partner L2 / L3 Stack
Complete LTE Femto/Pico
Solution
10 TM
Single Chip Femto Basestation • SMB Femtocell up to 16 users – BSC9131
• Multimode
Multi Standard Architecture • Standards support: LTE (Rel. 9), WCDMA (Rel. 99/7/8)
• LTE – 20 MHz single sector -100 Mbps / DL 50 Mbps UL
• HSPA+ - 5 MHz single sector 42 Mbps / DL 11 Mbps UL
• Processing Layers: PHY-MAC-RLC-PDCP-NTP
• Enabled with 2x2 MiMO
• 2G/3G Sniffing and GPS Support
SoC Architecture • PowerTM e500 Core subsystem (800 MHz – 1 GHz)
• Starcore SC3850 Core subsystem (800 MHz – 1 GHz)
• MAPLE-B2F Baseband Accelerators Platform
• eTVPE – Turbo/Viterbi Decoder
• DEPE – Turbo Encoder w/ rate match
• CRCPE – CRC check & insertion
• FTPE – FFT/DFT
• PDPE, PUPE
• UMTS Chiprate
• Security engine - IPSec, Kasumi, Snow-3G
• Secured boot
• Single DDR3 Controller 32b 800MHz
• IEEE1588 v2, NTP
• USB 2.0
• 2x Ethernet RGMII and IEEE1588v2
• 3x JESD207/ADI/MAXPHY RF transceiver interfaces
Multicore Fabric
MAPLE-B2F
Baseband
Accelerators
LTE/UMTS/CDMA2K
DMA Security
Engine
v4.4
Power™
e500 Core
D-Cache I-Cache 32 KB 32 KB
Starcore
SC3850 DSP Core
D-Cache I-Cache
512 KB
Backside
L2 Cache 32 KB 32 KB
JE
SD
207/A
DI/
MA
XP
HY
US
B 2
.0
32-bit
DDR-3
800MHz 256 KB L2 cache
Clocks/Reset
I2C
SPI
GPIO
DUART Ethernet
1GE IEEE 1588
1GE
11 TM
Single Chip - Pico Basestation • Standards support: LTE (Rel. 8/9), WCDMA
(Rel. 99/7/8/9), 802.16e
• Bandwidth: 20MHz or 2x 10 MHz
• 100 LTE or 64/96 HSPA/AMR active users
• Multimode support
• LTE throughputs: 150Mbps DL / 75Mbps UL
with 2x4 ant.
• HSPA+ throughputs: Dual carrier - 84MbpsDL
/23Mbps UL
• WiMAX 802.16e: up to 50Mbps DL/13Mbps UL
• 2G/3G Sniffing and GPS Support
• Secured Boot & Trust Architecture support
• Proc. Layers: PHY-MAC-RLC-PDCP-Transport
Architecture • Dual PowerTM e500mc core (1 GHz/1.2 GHz)
• Dual Starcore SC3850 DSP (1 GHz/1.2 GHz)
• MAPLE-B2P Baseband Accelerators Platform
• Security engine - IPSec, Kasumi, Snow-3G
• Dual DDR3/3L, 32b,1.333GHz, w/ ECC
• IEEE1588 v2, NTP
• USB 2.0
• 4 SerDes lanes, combining:
• 2x Ethernet 1G SGMII
• 2x CPRI v4.1 @ 6.144G antenna
interface
• 1x PCIe @ 5G x2 lanes
• Quad JESD207/ADI RF transceiver interfaces
• NAND/NOR Flash controller, eSDHC, USIM
• I2C, eSPI
• Package – FCPBGA, 23mmx23mm, 0.8mm
Multicore Fabric
32 KB
Shared
M3
Clocks/Reset
2x I2C
SPI
GPIO
DUART
Power™
e500 Core
D-Cache I-Cache 32 KB 32 KB
32-bit
DDR-3
1.3GHz
Shared 512 KB L2 cache
32-bit
DDR-3
1.3GHz
Coherency module
Starcore
SC3850 DSP Core
D-Cache I-Cache 32 KB 32 KB
512KB L2 cache
x2
MAPLE-B2P
Baseband
Accelerators
LTE/UMTS /WiMAX
DMA Security
Engine
v4.4
US
B 2
.0
CP
RI 4
.1
x2
Ethernet
1GE
SGMII
IEEE 1588
4 - lanes SerDes
1GE PCIe
JE
SD
207/A
DI
x4
IFC
USIM
eSDHC
12 TM
• For Pico\Femto devices (PSC9131\2) Freescale provides “turn-
key” Certified solution for the LTE TDD\FDD eNB
− Higher layers (L2\L3) are implemented by third party partners.
− End-to-end in-house L1 stack implementation
− WCDMA and LTE NMM cell search supporting SON standard
• Various customers are in implementation and integration
stages with Freescale’s Small Cell products
13 TM
SDOS
DL
ctrl PDSCH
PUSCH
Data
PUSCH
CQI
PUSCH
RSP
RACH
PUCCH
1/1a/1b
PUCCH
2/2a/2b
SRS Meas.
L1 / L2 Interface
RT Scheduler Framework Antenna IF Man
Reduced Scheduling Overhead
• Run-to-completion scheduler with deterministic scheduling intervals
• Reduced cost for runtime decisions as worst case sequence is always scheduled
• Simplified multicore aware scheduler engine
Simplified Control Layer
• Removed overhead of multiple control and translation layers
• L2 FAPI messages are directly parsers by each component
• Zero memcopy for L2 ctrl / payload
Seamless MAPLE Access
• Components access MAPLE directly through SDOS
• No additional communication layer
14 TM
• High data rate shared channel operations on MAPLE:
− DL-SCH/PCH on DEPE
− PDSCH on PDPE + eFTPE
− PUSCH descrambling and demodulation on PUPE
− UL-SCH on eTVPE+PUPE
• Remaining UL channels and signals on StarCore:
− PUSCH
StarCore support on Equalization (opt for 9132) and CE
− RACH and Sounding with DFT / FFT support on MAPLE
− PUCCH
− Addional measurements
• Remaining low data rate control channels on StarCore:
− Data encoding and mapping for first control symbols (CFI, HI, DCI, PCFICH, PHICH, PDCCH) excl. IFFT
− BCH / PBCH
DL
UL
Data Control
DL-SCH PCH BCH MCH
PDSCH PBCH PMCH
CFI HI DCI
PHICH PDCCH PCFICH
UL-SCH RACH
PUSCH PRACH
UCI
PUCCH
+ DL synchronization signal on StarCore
SRS
SC3850
MAPLE
15 TM
• L1 scheduling follows run-to-
completion model.
• The component definition and
scheduling is driven by memory
footprint optimization.
• The scheduling scheme is tailored
for the worst case load.
• Each component is statically
tiggered based on the symbol
intervals
• The FAPI control information will
determine which components are
actually executed in each subframe
• RACH processing is spread out
over the subframe with filtering
operations every symbol.
Sym Id Tasks
0 FAPI_Parser (N), PUCCH_Copy (N-1), EQU(N-1)
1 RACH_TDP(N), PUSCH_EDF(N-1),
PUCCH_F1(N-1), PUCCH_F2(N-1)
2 RACH_TDP(N)
3 RACH_TDP(N)
4 RACH_TDP(N), RSP(N)
5 EQU(N), SRS_AP(N-1)
6 2xRACH_TDP(N)
7 RACH_TDP(N), PUCCH_Copy(N), EQU(N)
8 RACH_TDP(N), PDSCH(N+1), PDCCH(N+1)
9 SRS_UM(N-1)
10 2xRACH_TDP(N)
11 RACH_TDP(N), RSP(N)
12 RACH_TDP(N), RACH_FDP(N), EQU(N),
RACH_DPP(N)
13 FAPI_Indications(N)
16 TM
• Designed to make the planning, configuration, management
and optimization of mobile radio access networks simpler and
faster
• Newly added base stations should be self-configured in line
with a "plug-and-play" paradigm
• Freescale supports L1 sniffing (NMM) for both LTE and
WCDMA standards
17 TM
• FAPI defines 4 relevant interfaces for the LTE L1:
− P4 for all network listening operations (radio sniffing)
− P5 for L1 mode control (start, stop etc)
− P7 for the main data path
− P8 for diagnostics
18 TM
• FAPI defines 4 PHY states:
− IDLE: PHY is ready to be configured for
a certain deployment
− CONFIGURED: PHY is configured and
ready for reconfiguration or for subframe
operation
− RUNNING: PHY is in running state.
Every TTI, the PHY receives UL and DL
subframe requests that configure all
operations within this coming TTI.
− NMM: Network listening mode. The PHY
is ready to listen to other radio signals
for measurements.
• The FAPI spec supports the
implementation of a stateless PHY where
all user information is stored on the L2
19 TM
• The L1/L2 interface follows
the FAPI standard
• Some minor changes were
added for performance
optimization (padding,
payload pointers)
• Additional vendor specific
fields are used for advanced
measurements and
additional control options
• The FAPI messages are
mapped on a set of
interprocessor
communication channels
(IPC) that handle all
communication between the
cores
20 TM
• L1/L2 Wireshark Trace
− All FAPI events are sent to a host and can be analyzed using the
Wireshark tool
− Same information is logged in DDR memory for post mortem debug
• Offline analysis of DDR trace
− Logs of all real time events
− Uses CodeWarrior tools to read from memory
− Primarily used in lab environment
• Debug Print Agent: Runtime trace on debug host
− Extracts and displays the trace information on the host while target
is running in real time.
21 TM
• 3GPP Release 8 standard compliancy
• Band support
5 / 10 / 15 / 20 MHz support
Support for band 1,7,13. Can easily be extended to other bands without L1 changes
• Downlink 2x2 MIMO Support
• Localized and Distributed PDSCH, Localized PUSCH
• Downlink Control Channel Support (PDCCH, PHICH, PFICH, BCH,SSH)
• All PUCCH Formats (1/1a/1b/2/2a/2b)
• Sounding channel support
• Handover and Measurements Support
• Closed Loop Power Control (PUCCH, PUSCH)
• FAPI Compliant (Partial and Full Reconfiguration)
• Cell Search support for LTE
• Interoperability with Test and Commercial UEs (PanTech, FFA, Signalion, AeroFlex)
22 TM
UE eNB
Ethernet
LTE UE 1 Laptop with
commercial
net stick
CW PC CodeWarrior for L1
BSP Linux PC Load code, setup RF
Core Network
LTE EPC Core network simulator
Band 7
RF card
BSC9132
HW
Acceleration
SC3850
LTE
L1
e500v2
LTE
L2/L3
LTE UE 0 Laptop with
commercial
net stick
TM 23
• The BSC913x provides an architecture for a scalable and
efficient implementation of the eNode-B functionality on a single
chip
• Along with the SoC, Freescale offers a commercial LTE L1
software that is designed to make best use of the available
hardware functionality
• The L1 functionality can be treated as a black box controlled
through an API that follows the Femto API recommendations
• Freescale has integrated the L1 with L2/L3 stacks from 3rd party
partners to enable end-to-end system testing
TM
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