framing techniques for builders: lessons learned and best ......through case studies and lessons...

FramingTechniquesforBuilders:LessonsLearnedandBestPractices

GarySchweizer,PEWeyerhaeuserAugust29,2017

Disclaimer:ThispresentationwasdevelopedbyWeyerhaeuserandisnotfundedbyWoodWorksortheSoftwoodLumberBoard.

“TheWoodProductsCouncil”isaRegisteredProviderwithTheAmericanInstituteofArchitectsContinuingEducationSystems(AIA/CES),Provider#G516.

Credit(s)earnedoncompletionofthiscoursewillbereportedtoAIACESforAIAmembers.CertificatesofCompletionforbothAIAmembersandnon-AIAmembersareavailableuponrequest.

ThiscourseisregisteredwithAIACESforcontinuingprofessionaleducation.Assuch,itdoesnotincludecontentthatmaybedeemedorconstruedtobeanapprovalorendorsementbytheAIAofanymaterialofconstructionoranymethodormannerofhandling,using,distributing, ordealinginanymaterialorproduct.___________________________________________

Questionsrelatedtospecificmaterials,methods,andserviceswillbeaddressedattheconclusionofthispresentation.

Thisinteractivesessionbuildsontheideathatbuilderscanimproveframingtechniquesthroughthelensofothers’challengesandsolutions.Recentcommercialandmulti-familyconstructionhurdlesrelatedtoissueswithbuildingframingschemeswillbereviewedthroughcasestudiesandlessonslearned.Bestpracticesthatbuilderscanemploytoavoidsimilarissuesontheirownprojectswillbediscussed,andtheaudiencewillbeaskedtoparticipateandapplypracticesreviewedduringthesession.Attendeeswillleavepreparedwithdesignstrategiestoproducehigh-performingstructuresandmethodologiesthatcanbeconsideredandappliedinconstructionimmediately.

Thisisaninteractivediscussion;questionsandcommentsarewelcomed.

CourseDescription

1. Highlightcommonframingissuesincommercialandmulti-familystructuresanddiscussbestpracticesolutions.

2. Discussproperloadpathframingtechniquesforwood-framestructures.3. Reviewlessonslearnedfromfivedifferentprojectcasestudies.4. Examineconstructionstrategiesthatcanresultinhigh-performing

structuresintermsofdurability,energy-efficiencyandotherquantifiablemeasures.

LearningObjectives

Academics –- BSCE - The Ohio State University

- MBA – The University of Dayton

Experience -- ConsultingStructural Engineer – Columbus,Ohio (7 years)

- Wood Products/Structural Engineering – Trus Joist/Weyerhaeuser (30 + years)

Registered Professional Engineer/Structural EngineerExpertise – Design & Analysis, Forensics, Litigation Support

Abitaboutme

Agenda- LessonsLearned• LoadPathResolution

• Vertical&Lateral• LateralStability• DifferentialDeflection• UniqueFloor/FasciaRequirements

• MoistureManagement• KeepitDry• PreservativeTreatments• ProtectingProductsinInventory&Jobsites

• Vibration• Fire& SoundDesign

LoadPathResolutionSimplestated…verticalandlateralloadsneedtobetransferredtothe

foundation/ground.

Loadrationalization=Truss/Rafter/Joistà Beamà Columnà Foundation• Propermemberselection• Adequatesupport• Appropriateloadtransferdetails• Foundationadequacy

Software– 2danalysis;3dview;reviewofsoftwareoperatordesign

Simplifying…VisualizetheLoading

Tree

FloorJoistò

Beamò

Column

LoadPathResolutionMemberAnalysis– “whattowatchfor?”

VerticalLoads• IncreasedDeadLoads– lightweightconcrete,tileorstone,non-loadbearingwalls• OffsetWalls&Cantilevers• ConcentratedLoads(FcperpofFcparallel)

• Beams&Headers• GirderTruss

• Differentialloadingconditions

LateralLoads• LocationofShearWalls– connectiondesign;manufacturer’slimitations(o/cspacing)• Blocking• Screwsvs.Nails

InstallationReview

Inotherwords- SequencetheFraming

FramerInstructionGuide

EXPECTATIONSOFTHECONTRACTOR• OFAReview• Framingforcorrectness• Notesanddeviations• Notesareacceptableunlessnotedotherwise

AssumptionsFollow-up

EXPECTATIONSOFTHESUPPLIER• Highlightdeviations• Loadrationalization• Valueengineering– professionalprotocol• Framingdetails

FailuresCanOccurApartmentProject(studenthousing)

Nashville,TNInitialComplaint– FloorLevelness,WaterLeaksConstructionIssue– ImproperLoadTransfer;

RimnotundertheloadbearingwallSquashBlocksaddedtoStabilizetheStructureWhatcouldtheEOR/AORhavedonebetter?–

LoadTransferdetailing;wallstackingWhatcouldWeyerhaeuseranddealerhavedone

better?– ‘Protocol’communications

DifferentialDeflection

Complaint–TileCrackingExcessiveDeflection

‘dropping’5/8“over4’

DifferentialDeflection

5.07.0

9.011.0

13.015.0

17.0

19.3

21.5

72

48

24

0

0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

14.0

FieldInvestigationResultsTransitFloorReadings• PotentialforDifferentialDeflection• Beamsettoohigh!

BestPractices- DifferentialDeflection

Anticipatedifferentspanandloadingconditions‘Featherframing’- simplevs.continuousspanMatchdeflectionperformance– beamvsadjacentjoistsAcknowledgedifferentsupportconditions(wallvs.beam)

MoistureManagementSimplestated…keepitdryorusepreservativetreatedwood

GuidingPrinciplesDryUsageisclassifiedas˂16%ReasonableconstructionrainfallisOKServiceLife- KeepitDryWhenindoubt– PreservativeTreatedWood

DryUseConditions- “whattowatchfor?”Balcony/DeckConditions• Flashing,connections,detailing,etc.à waterproofing• Allowforwicking– don’tencapsulate• InstallationReview• MaintenanceProgram

Roof/Floor not WatertightMoistureManagement

WaterproofRoofMembraneSacramento,California

ClosedPlenum

WaterproofDeckMembraneAlberta,Canada

150degreedifferential

MoistureManagement

Condos– LaJolla,CABalconyFraming

PartialRoofWatershedDry-Usenotassured

MoistureIntrusion/’Wicking’

Berkley,CABalconyDeckCollapse

2015

MoistureManagement

MoistureManagementSelectingtheCorrectPreservativeTreatment

Exposure4A

•PhillipMerrillCenter,MDExposedHeavyTimber

CuAzTreated

Vibration– FactorsAffectingFloorPerformance

VibrationDesign

FundamentalFrequency– f(Hz)E– MOE(psi)

I - momentofinertia(in4)W– truedeadload(lbs.)

L- joistspan(in)

VirginiaTechGuidelines

QuickRulesofThumb

Floorcovering/floormembranesShortenthespanIncreasethejoistdepthL/480+Glued/ScrewedfloordeckingBridging/Ceiling– tiedtoasupportwall

Fire&SoundDesign

ProductApplicationAssuranceSpecification• PrescribedCodevs‘Preferred’Standards• FullFloorSpecification- FinishedFloorCoverings• SoundMats• PerimeterIsolation

Installation• MatchingSpecification• Manufacturer’sRecommendation• Isolation/De-Couple

ParkPlace;FountainHills,AZ

Fire&SoundDesign

Type3ConstructionRequiresFRTWoodFraming(TypeAFlamespread¹FRTW)

• Fire-Retardant-TreatedWoodMustbeImpregnatedwithChemicals(2018InternationalBuildingCode)

• FRTWinaccordancewithASTME84orUL723.• FieldAppliedCoatings¹ManufacturedFRTProducts

QualityControl,plantvs.fieldenvironments,etc.)

Type3FRTWoodFraming

CodeApprovedFRTW– FieldIssue

ApartmentprojectsinMinneapolis— non-codeapprovedFRTrequiresreplacement(2x6and2x8perimeterframing)

“OnBig-D’swatch,lumberthatwasnotapprovedorcode-compliantwasusedontheHelloApartmentsprojectandGoldenVillaswillnottolerateactionsthatcreateanyriskforfuturetenants,"GoldenVillasChiefManagerTraciTomassaidinanewsrelease.

Summarizing- MyPersonalList“toallowforcaution”

• TightConstructionTimeline(design/modifyasyou‘go’)à frequentcommunications,documentation

• DimensionalIssues/ConstructionTolerances(fieldmeasurement,pre-cutholes/locations,concentratedloadalignment)à designandinstallationreview• FloorCovering– LightweightConcreteTopping,Tile/StoneCrackingà expansionjoints,differentialdeflection,concentratedloads• ManufacturingDefectà urgencyforcommunicationanddecisionmaking• InstallationIssuesà inspection,concurrencetoarchitecturalsandframingplans

Summarizing- MyPersonalList“toallowforcaution”

• Deflection– defineclient/customerexpectationsà differentialdeflection,‘Non-Load’bearingwalls• Assumptionsà ArchitecturalDiscrepancies,FramingIrregularities,ProfessionalProtocol• FloorPerformanceà defineclient/customerexpectations;floorsystemparameters• MoistureDesignà DryUse,correctpreservativetreatment• LoadTrackingà rationalizeloadstothefoundation

ProductApplicationAssurance

Questions?

ThisconcludesTheAmericanInstituteofArchitectsContinuingEducationSystemsCourse

GarySchweizer,PEWeyerhaeuserGary.Schweizer@weyerhaeuser.com