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Framing Techniques for Builders: Lessons Learned and Best Practices Gary Schweizer, PE Weyerhaeuser August 29, 2017 Disclaimer: This presentation was developed by Weyerhaeuser and is not funded by WoodWorks or the Softwood Lumber Board.

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Page 1: Framing Techniques for Builders: Lessons Learned and Best ......through case studies and lessons learned. Best practices that builders can employ to avoid similar issues on their own

FramingTechniquesforBuilders:LessonsLearnedandBestPractices

GarySchweizer,PEWeyerhaeuserAugust29,2017

Disclaimer:ThispresentationwasdevelopedbyWeyerhaeuserandisnotfundedbyWoodWorksortheSoftwoodLumberBoard.

Page 2: Framing Techniques for Builders: Lessons Learned and Best ......through case studies and lessons learned. Best practices that builders can employ to avoid similar issues on their own

“TheWoodProductsCouncil”isaRegisteredProviderwithTheAmericanInstituteofArchitectsContinuingEducationSystems(AIA/CES),Provider#G516.

Credit(s)earnedoncompletionofthiscoursewillbereportedtoAIACESforAIAmembers.CertificatesofCompletionforbothAIAmembersandnon-AIAmembersareavailableuponrequest.

ThiscourseisregisteredwithAIACESforcontinuingprofessionaleducation.Assuch,itdoesnotincludecontentthatmaybedeemedorconstruedtobeanapprovalorendorsementbytheAIAofanymaterialofconstructionoranymethodormannerofhandling,using,distributing, ordealinginanymaterialorproduct.___________________________________________

Questionsrelatedtospecificmaterials,methods,andserviceswillbeaddressedattheconclusionofthispresentation.

Page 3: Framing Techniques for Builders: Lessons Learned and Best ......through case studies and lessons learned. Best practices that builders can employ to avoid similar issues on their own

Thisinteractivesessionbuildsontheideathatbuilderscanimproveframingtechniquesthroughthelensofothers’challengesandsolutions.Recentcommercialandmulti-familyconstructionhurdlesrelatedtoissueswithbuildingframingschemeswillbereviewedthroughcasestudiesandlessonslearned.Bestpracticesthatbuilderscanemploytoavoidsimilarissuesontheirownprojectswillbediscussed,andtheaudiencewillbeaskedtoparticipateandapplypracticesreviewedduringthesession.Attendeeswillleavepreparedwithdesignstrategiestoproducehigh-performingstructuresandmethodologiesthatcanbeconsideredandappliedinconstructionimmediately.

Thisisaninteractivediscussion;questionsandcommentsarewelcomed.

CourseDescription

Page 4: Framing Techniques for Builders: Lessons Learned and Best ......through case studies and lessons learned. Best practices that builders can employ to avoid similar issues on their own

1. Highlightcommonframingissuesincommercialandmulti-familystructuresanddiscussbestpracticesolutions.

2. Discussproperloadpathframingtechniquesforwood-framestructures.3. Reviewlessonslearnedfromfivedifferentprojectcasestudies.4. Examineconstructionstrategiesthatcanresultinhigh-performing

structuresintermsofdurability,energy-efficiencyandotherquantifiablemeasures.

LearningObjectives

Page 5: Framing Techniques for Builders: Lessons Learned and Best ......through case studies and lessons learned. Best practices that builders can employ to avoid similar issues on their own

Academics –- BSCE - The Ohio State University

- MBA – The University of Dayton

Experience -- ConsultingStructural Engineer – Columbus,Ohio (7 years)

- Wood Products/Structural Engineering – Trus Joist/Weyerhaeuser (30 + years)

Registered Professional Engineer/Structural EngineerExpertise – Design & Analysis, Forensics, Litigation Support

Abitaboutme

Page 6: Framing Techniques for Builders: Lessons Learned and Best ......through case studies and lessons learned. Best practices that builders can employ to avoid similar issues on their own

Agenda- LessonsLearned• LoadPathResolution

• Vertical&Lateral• LateralStability• DifferentialDeflection• UniqueFloor/FasciaRequirements

• MoistureManagement• KeepitDry• PreservativeTreatments• ProtectingProductsinInventory&Jobsites

• Vibration• Fire& SoundDesign

Page 7: Framing Techniques for Builders: Lessons Learned and Best ......through case studies and lessons learned. Best practices that builders can employ to avoid similar issues on their own

LoadPathResolutionSimplestated…verticalandlateralloadsneedtobetransferredtothe

foundation/ground.

Loadrationalization=Truss/Rafter/Joistà Beamà Columnà Foundation• Propermemberselection• Adequatesupport• Appropriateloadtransferdetails• Foundationadequacy

Software– 2danalysis;3dview;reviewofsoftwareoperatordesign

Page 8: Framing Techniques for Builders: Lessons Learned and Best ......through case studies and lessons learned. Best practices that builders can employ to avoid similar issues on their own

Simplifying…VisualizetheLoading

Tree

FloorJoistò

Beamò

Column

Page 9: Framing Techniques for Builders: Lessons Learned and Best ......through case studies and lessons learned. Best practices that builders can employ to avoid similar issues on their own

LoadPathResolutionMemberAnalysis– “whattowatchfor?”

VerticalLoads• IncreasedDeadLoads– lightweightconcrete,tileorstone,non-loadbearingwalls• OffsetWalls&Cantilevers• ConcentratedLoads(FcperpofFcparallel)

• Beams&Headers• GirderTruss

• Differentialloadingconditions

LateralLoads• LocationofShearWalls– connectiondesign;manufacturer’slimitations(o/cspacing)• Blocking• Screwsvs.Nails

InstallationReview

Inotherwords- SequencetheFraming

Page 10: Framing Techniques for Builders: Lessons Learned and Best ......through case studies and lessons learned. Best practices that builders can employ to avoid similar issues on their own

FramerInstructionGuide

Page 11: Framing Techniques for Builders: Lessons Learned and Best ......through case studies and lessons learned. Best practices that builders can employ to avoid similar issues on their own

EXPECTATIONSOFTHECONTRACTOR• OFAReview• Framingforcorrectness• Notesanddeviations• Notesareacceptableunlessnotedotherwise

AssumptionsFollow-up

EXPECTATIONSOFTHESUPPLIER• Highlightdeviations• Loadrationalization• Valueengineering– professionalprotocol• Framingdetails

Page 12: Framing Techniques for Builders: Lessons Learned and Best ......through case studies and lessons learned. Best practices that builders can employ to avoid similar issues on their own

FailuresCanOccurApartmentProject(studenthousing)

Nashville,TNInitialComplaint– FloorLevelness,WaterLeaksConstructionIssue– ImproperLoadTransfer;

RimnotundertheloadbearingwallSquashBlocksaddedtoStabilizetheStructureWhatcouldtheEOR/AORhavedonebetter?–

LoadTransferdetailing;wallstackingWhatcouldWeyerhaeuseranddealerhavedone

better?– ‘Protocol’communications

Page 13: Framing Techniques for Builders: Lessons Learned and Best ......through case studies and lessons learned. Best practices that builders can employ to avoid similar issues on their own

DifferentialDeflection

Complaint–TileCrackingExcessiveDeflection

‘dropping’5/8“over4’

Page 14: Framing Techniques for Builders: Lessons Learned and Best ......through case studies and lessons learned. Best practices that builders can employ to avoid similar issues on their own

DifferentialDeflection

Page 15: Framing Techniques for Builders: Lessons Learned and Best ......through case studies and lessons learned. Best practices that builders can employ to avoid similar issues on their own

5.07.0

9.011.0

13.015.0

17.0

19.3

21.5

72

48

24

0

0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

14.0

FieldInvestigationResultsTransitFloorReadings• PotentialforDifferentialDeflection• Beamsettoohigh!

Page 16: Framing Techniques for Builders: Lessons Learned and Best ......through case studies and lessons learned. Best practices that builders can employ to avoid similar issues on their own

BestPractices- DifferentialDeflection

Anticipatedifferentspanandloadingconditions‘Featherframing’- simplevs.continuousspanMatchdeflectionperformance– beamvsadjacentjoistsAcknowledgedifferentsupportconditions(wallvs.beam)

Page 17: Framing Techniques for Builders: Lessons Learned and Best ......through case studies and lessons learned. Best practices that builders can employ to avoid similar issues on their own

MoistureManagementSimplestated…keepitdryorusepreservativetreatedwood

GuidingPrinciplesDryUsageisclassifiedas˂16%ReasonableconstructionrainfallisOKServiceLife- KeepitDryWhenindoubt– PreservativeTreatedWood

DryUseConditions- “whattowatchfor?”Balcony/DeckConditions• Flashing,connections,detailing,etc.à waterproofing• Allowforwicking– don’tencapsulate• InstallationReview• MaintenanceProgram

Page 18: Framing Techniques for Builders: Lessons Learned and Best ......through case studies and lessons learned. Best practices that builders can employ to avoid similar issues on their own

Roof/Floor not WatertightMoistureManagement

WaterproofRoofMembraneSacramento,California

ClosedPlenum

WaterproofDeckMembraneAlberta,Canada

150degreedifferential

Page 19: Framing Techniques for Builders: Lessons Learned and Best ......through case studies and lessons learned. Best practices that builders can employ to avoid similar issues on their own

MoistureManagement

Condos– LaJolla,CABalconyFraming

PartialRoofWatershedDry-Usenotassured

MoistureIntrusion/’Wicking’

Page 20: Framing Techniques for Builders: Lessons Learned and Best ......through case studies and lessons learned. Best practices that builders can employ to avoid similar issues on their own

Berkley,CABalconyDeckCollapse

2015

MoistureManagement

Page 21: Framing Techniques for Builders: Lessons Learned and Best ......through case studies and lessons learned. Best practices that builders can employ to avoid similar issues on their own

MoistureManagementSelectingtheCorrectPreservativeTreatment

Exposure4A

•PhillipMerrillCenter,MDExposedHeavyTimber

CuAzTreated

Page 22: Framing Techniques for Builders: Lessons Learned and Best ......through case studies and lessons learned. Best practices that builders can employ to avoid similar issues on their own

Vibration– FactorsAffectingFloorPerformance

Page 23: Framing Techniques for Builders: Lessons Learned and Best ......through case studies and lessons learned. Best practices that builders can employ to avoid similar issues on their own

VibrationDesign

FundamentalFrequency– f(Hz)E– MOE(psi)

I - momentofinertia(in4)W– truedeadload(lbs.)

L- joistspan(in)

VirginiaTechGuidelines

Page 24: Framing Techniques for Builders: Lessons Learned and Best ......through case studies and lessons learned. Best practices that builders can employ to avoid similar issues on their own

QuickRulesofThumb

Floorcovering/floormembranesShortenthespanIncreasethejoistdepthL/480+Glued/ScrewedfloordeckingBridging/Ceiling– tiedtoasupportwall

Page 25: Framing Techniques for Builders: Lessons Learned and Best ......through case studies and lessons learned. Best practices that builders can employ to avoid similar issues on their own

Fire&SoundDesign

Page 26: Framing Techniques for Builders: Lessons Learned and Best ......through case studies and lessons learned. Best practices that builders can employ to avoid similar issues on their own

ProductApplicationAssuranceSpecification• PrescribedCodevs‘Preferred’Standards• FullFloorSpecification- FinishedFloorCoverings• SoundMats• PerimeterIsolation

Installation• MatchingSpecification• Manufacturer’sRecommendation• Isolation/De-Couple

Page 27: Framing Techniques for Builders: Lessons Learned and Best ......through case studies and lessons learned. Best practices that builders can employ to avoid similar issues on their own

ParkPlace;FountainHills,AZ

Page 28: Framing Techniques for Builders: Lessons Learned and Best ......through case studies and lessons learned. Best practices that builders can employ to avoid similar issues on their own

Fire&SoundDesign

Type3ConstructionRequiresFRTWoodFraming(TypeAFlamespread¹FRTW)

• Fire-Retardant-TreatedWoodMustbeImpregnatedwithChemicals(2018InternationalBuildingCode)

• FRTWinaccordancewithASTME84orUL723.• FieldAppliedCoatings¹ManufacturedFRTProducts

QualityControl,plantvs.fieldenvironments,etc.)

Page 29: Framing Techniques for Builders: Lessons Learned and Best ......through case studies and lessons learned. Best practices that builders can employ to avoid similar issues on their own

Type3FRTWoodFraming

Page 30: Framing Techniques for Builders: Lessons Learned and Best ......through case studies and lessons learned. Best practices that builders can employ to avoid similar issues on their own

CodeApprovedFRTW– FieldIssue

ApartmentprojectsinMinneapolis— non-codeapprovedFRTrequiresreplacement(2x6and2x8perimeterframing)

“OnBig-D’swatch,lumberthatwasnotapprovedorcode-compliantwasusedontheHelloApartmentsprojectandGoldenVillaswillnottolerateactionsthatcreateanyriskforfuturetenants,"GoldenVillasChiefManagerTraciTomassaidinanewsrelease.

Page 31: Framing Techniques for Builders: Lessons Learned and Best ......through case studies and lessons learned. Best practices that builders can employ to avoid similar issues on their own

Summarizing- MyPersonalList“toallowforcaution”

• TightConstructionTimeline(design/modifyasyou‘go’)à frequentcommunications,documentation

• DimensionalIssues/ConstructionTolerances(fieldmeasurement,pre-cutholes/locations,concentratedloadalignment)à designandinstallationreview• FloorCovering– LightweightConcreteTopping,Tile/StoneCrackingà expansionjoints,differentialdeflection,concentratedloads• ManufacturingDefectà urgencyforcommunicationanddecisionmaking• InstallationIssuesà inspection,concurrencetoarchitecturalsandframingplans

Page 32: Framing Techniques for Builders: Lessons Learned and Best ......through case studies and lessons learned. Best practices that builders can employ to avoid similar issues on their own

Summarizing- MyPersonalList“toallowforcaution”

• Deflection– defineclient/customerexpectationsà differentialdeflection,‘Non-Load’bearingwalls• Assumptionsà ArchitecturalDiscrepancies,FramingIrregularities,ProfessionalProtocol• FloorPerformanceà defineclient/customerexpectations;floorsystemparameters• MoistureDesignà DryUse,correctpreservativetreatment• LoadTrackingà rationalizeloadstothefoundation

Page 33: Framing Techniques for Builders: Lessons Learned and Best ......through case studies and lessons learned. Best practices that builders can employ to avoid similar issues on their own

ProductApplicationAssurance

Page 34: Framing Techniques for Builders: Lessons Learned and Best ......through case studies and lessons learned. Best practices that builders can employ to avoid similar issues on their own

Questions?

ThisconcludesTheAmericanInstituteofArchitectsContinuingEducationSystemsCourse

GarySchweizer,[email protected]


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