final review (revised spring 2000) gs390 10 1 final: wednesday june 7, 2000 8:00-10:30 in classroom...
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Final Review (revised Spring 2000)GS390
10
1
Final: Wednesday June 7, 2000 8:00-10:30 in Classroom***Bring a Pencil***
Quarter Review
Concepts
News
Directions for Change
Social Issues and Computers
Three big uses of PCs
3 Applications on PCs
SpreadsheetsSpreadsheets
Wordprocessing
Wordprocessing
DatabaseManagement
DatabaseManagement
The quick brown fox jumpedover the lazy dog.
2
(a) Review Wordprocessing(a) Review Wordprocessing
From typing to page design and publication qualityReview Tutorials on Word Processing from “Basics” to “Advanced Editing”.
Should look at for general knowledge: Pagemaker in Text
3
(b) Lab--Review Spreadsheets (b) Lab--Review Spreadsheets
Spreadsheet Basics
Spreadsheet, a computerized Matrix composed of cells that can contain labels, values, formulas are functions and is used for calculations
budgets
simple check balancing
calculations decision charts
grade calculations
what if computations,4
(c) Lab Review DBMS (c) Lab Review DBMS
Storage of data
Retrieval of data
Sorting
Selecting
Reports
Mail Merge
Relational*
5 Don’t forget to review DBMS concepts
Relational DBMS--connecting multiple data bases togather
LibraryoverduebooksDB
RecordsGradesIncompletesELMDB
Dormfees
Registration
Spreedsheets or Data Bases6
At registration all the above data bases are checked to determine any deficiencies before you are allowed to register
(d) Mainframes & WAN: Why use these(d) Mainframes & WAN: Why use these
1. Communication E- Mail Internet
2. Available applications/ information statistics, databases (library etc.)
3. Capabillity size---big memory, big data sets speed-- to perform tasks on big complex data sets
7
WWW: World Wide Web: interconnected web content servers and clients accessing the serversWAN; Wide Area Networks--interconnected computersLAN; Local Area Networks--interconnected computers, printers
LAN & WANLAN & WAN
Local Cyber
Admin A Mini
Admin B Mini
Prime
VAX
Switch
CENTRAL CYBER in Los Angelas
8
WAN
LAN
Labs
Internet
CSUB
(e) Lab--Intro to IBM Compatibles
(e) Lab--Intro to IBM Compatibles
DOS (and shells-Windows etc.)
Wordperfect (the original successful word processor on the PC similar to Microsoft Word)
Lotus 1 2 3 (the original PC spreadsheet like EXCEL)[not covered S00]
Windows (a Mac like operating system)
Hyperstudeo etc. (like Hypercard but both work on IBM’s)
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HackersHackers—Machine Freaks (like to
tinker with hardware)
—Software Freaks (like to
tinker with programs)
—Explorers (like to examine,
play, experiment)
—Destroyers (create
distructive programs)11
(B) New Concepts: Review for Final
Is Windows a virus?Is Windows a virus?
No, Windows is not a virus. Here's what viruses (viri?) do:
1. They replicate quickly -- okay, Windows does that.
2. Viruses use up valuable system resources, slowing down the system as they do so -- okay, Windows does that.
3. Viruses will, from time to time, trash your hard disk -- okay,-- Windows does that, too.
4. Viruses are usually carried, unknown to the user, along with valuable programs and systems. Sigh... Windows does that, too.
5. Viruses will occasionally make the user suspect their system is too slow (see 2) and the user will buy new hardware. Yup, that's with Windows, too.
A JOKE : )
Windows is not a Virus
• Until now it seems Windows is a virus but there are some fundamental differences:
• Viruses are well supported by their authors
• Viruses run on most systems, their program code is fast, compact and efficient and they tend to become more sophisticated as they mature.
• So, Windows is *not* a virus.
• "Life is a game where nothing is real...• daniel.james@attws.com
Logic BombsLogic Bombs
If condition Then
Action
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Example;If date is XXXX on the computerinstall micro virus. Examples includeFriday 13 logic bomb and New Years logic bomb
Trojan HorseTrojan Horse
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A “gift” that contains evil within. Any of previous examples but contained in a game or illegal copies of legitimate software and emailed or downloaded pictures or attachments.
Vaccines
Macintosh: DisinfectantMacafee VirusScan and Norton AntiVirus (PC example)
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Any program that checks software and documents as it is runare downloaded for viruses
Space 1
Space 1
=1 bit
=1 byte
1 page =4K
{ Computer Memory
Computer Space
[1 page - 4000 bytes]
20
(to be continued on “Space 6”)
Space 3
Space 3
350 pages =1.4Megabyte
{ 1.4 MB--New FloppyDisk
22Becoming Standard: Zip drives 100MB
Space 5
Space 5
Harddrives come in big to gigantic sizes
40 Megabyte
80 Megabyte
105 Megabyte
185 Megabyte
350 Megabyte
500 Megabyte
1 Gigabyte
8 Gig and up is now the standard with 27 GigPossible
and up, up, up
Directions Gigabites CD Optical R/W
24
Internal Binary Basics
•The most basic unit of computer information is called a bit
•It is expressed to the computer by the numbers
0 or 1.
•All "characters"[a,b,z..,1,2,3...?,!,/..] are a symbolized by series of 8 bits,0s and 1s
•All operations in the computer [+,-,*,/] are 0s and 1s
All off or on—like light bulbs.27
SPEEDOMETERS--counting in binary
1 0 11
011 0
What is the next number (if we add one more)?
+1 becomes
30
BINARY / ASCII
The binary code for the letter,number, or symbol is transferred to a code, called ASCII (8 bit Byte)*
(American Standard Code for Information Interchange).
This transfer cycle is;
binary -> ASCII -> Word,
Word -> to ASCII -> binary
NOTE: Some fonts eg. Kanji, Chinese rquire 2 bytes for characters33
More ASCII-Binary
Binary Decimal(ASCII, 8bit byte)
00110001 <---> 1 00110010 <---> 2 00110011 <---> 3 01000001 <---> A 01000010 <---> B 01011001 <---> Y 00100001 <---> !
34
Memory :Addressing 1
The Pizza Man36
Apt 1 Apt 2 Apt 3 Apt 4 Apt 5 Laundry
Apt 6 Apt 7 Apt 8 Apt 9 Apt 10 Office
How many apartmentscan we have if they canhave only 1 digit address
Addressing 2
Two bits havefour possibleaddresses
0
1
One bit has twoaddresses
00011011
Continuewith this
How many addresseswith 4 8 16 32
37
Bits & Addresses 3
Bits & Addresses 3
If we string 8 bits (8 combinations of the numbers 0 and 1)
together we have a byte.
2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256
Each additional bit doubles the possible addresses38
Importance of Addressing(1) More memory thus
Bigger programs
Bigger data sets
Multi program accessibility
(2) Increased speed of processing
(3) Currently 32 bit standard but 64 on the way
AppleIIe
Current IBM &Mac
32 bit39
8 bit
Time/SpeedTime/SpeedMips & Hertz
Current PC's
Future PC's and current Workstation, Mainframe and Supercomputers
New speed is BIPSComing TarraflopsNew speed is BIPSComing Tarraflops
41Note:Some Current CPUs run at more then 1000 hertz
Beyond Microsoft Paint and Hyperpaint
1. Drawing vs painting*
2. Combination programs*
3. Samples of newer programs*
44
Drawing vs PaintingPaint
-- bit mapped graphics, creative free form
-- low resolution dependant on screen resolution Example*
Draw—objects
—formula driven
—easy modification (size, position, etc.)
—output dependant on printer Example*
45
Drawing vs Painting Examples
Drawing vs Painting Examples
Painting -- Mac Paint, Microsoft Paint
Drawing -- Clarisworks, Canvas, Word
A demo may follow
when expendedthe line will not becomeragged- it is defined by a math formula- lines connect points
when expandedthe line will get raggedsince it is bit defined
46
Created as Paint
Created as Drawing
Bitmapped vs Formula Script
Bitmapped vs Formula Script
-Bit mapped is like painting
-Characters are stored as a set of pixals (dots) that look like the character.
-Problem: the exact set of dots is printed no matter if the printer is Imagewriter 140 DPI
laserwriter 300 DPI or newer 600 DPI
Stylewriter 360 DPI
Most inkjet home printers 300-600 DPI
Linotronic 1600-2400 DPI thus the print looks only as good as the worst printer allows
Postscript (most common) Truetype (newest)47
Postscript vs Bitmapped:
-Bitmapped is stored as the dots that appear on the screen. Older dot matrix printers illustrate this method
-Postscript Characters are stored as a set of formulas that contain the relative sizes of sides, curves, etc.
-Solution: the set of dots printed will use all possible dots a printer will allow and thus will look as good as the printer allows.
48
John Warnock from Zerox PARC solved the problem of making printer output look like the screen
Bit/Post Examples
Bit/Post Examples
New York 72
On Larger FontsBitmappedragged edges are rougher then postscript
50
COMPUTER HISTORY
OUTLINE
1.PRE COMPUTER DEVELOPMENTS
2.EARLY COMPUTER DEVELOPMENT
3.RECENT DEVELOPMENTS
4.FUTURE COMPUTERS
52
— MECHANICAL MODELS OF the UNIVERSE
—ABACUS (frequently called the first computer)
—SLIDE RULE
The first computers!
54
Mechanical Calculators
(e) Libraries and Computers(e) Libraries and Computers
David Kozokoski
Will the library of the future be a phone call away?
55
***Spring 2000***
Advantages of Computer Searches• Logical searches save time and focus information
• Speed
• Amount of sources available
• Increasing availability of original full text material
• Future to-be published documents available
•Diffirence in how searches in diffirent web search engines are carried out: e.g. what is the diffirence in Yahoo (organized and reviewed), Google(more quality links returned and Northernlight (divides sarch results into concept folders)
56
Problems of Computer Searches
especially those not on the WEB• Cost : free or cheap to us but expensive for some government and commercial use (e.g. Nexus & Lexus, Compustat cost big bucks for privite and commercial users)
• Skills needed to develop / refine topic areas, The human component; logic and Vinn diagrams, filtering out he un related stuff
to much data, not enough information or knowledge57
Criteria for Computer Types
Cost
Size
Sophistication of operating system*
Speed
* Multiprocessing, distributed processing, multi-user, command or icon
Current and futureTypes of computersSupercomputers
Mainframe computers
Mini computers
Workstations
Personal computers
Desktop
Laptop
*Notebook
*Palmtop, PDA (Pilot, etc.)
*Computer Appliances
} These also referred to as portable
* Hot Stuff on current market
General Directions in Computers*
•Faster CPU's
•Massive multiprocessing
•Bigger addressing/Memory
•Decreasing Size
•Lower Cost (for same function and speed)
•Sophistication
•Connectivity
Hardware - Directions
Time & Space (speed and addressing)
Hertz --> MIPS --> BIPS (CRAY & MMP) IBM's 16 megabyte chip & 64 bit addressing Size Current fastest speed is the AMD and Intel 1000+CPU
Mainframe --> Mini --> desktop --> portable --> Notebook Palmtop --> PDA's (personal digital assistants) Cost Down---> Down---->Down 98
(a $600 system)
Sophistication Voice/Hand recognitition, voice synthesis, neural networks multitasking, multiprocessing, virtual reality, connectivity
Mac System1984 1994$3000 $1000Speed 7 16+1 meg 4 Meg mem 2 Floppys 80 HD B/W 24 Bit color
Directions in software
Wordprocessing
Database Management
Paint/Draw
Statistics
Reference Search
Games
Printed output
Desktop Publishing
English Queries, AI
3D, Virtual, Motion
Graphics & AI
Natural language Retrieval
Simulations (Sim City)
Groupware, Virtual reality
Ease of use
Directions in Languages
Unix, C++ and Java
Pascal
Lisp (logo) and Prolog
LOGO (my judgement ) best for educators Turtle paints a trail when the turtle moves
Moves Forward 10 Right 90
Procedures and iterations To Square Repeat 4 [ Fd 100 Rt 90] End
A
OOPs (Object Oriented Programming --Hypercard)
We did not cover Spring 2000
Directions inOperating Systems
InterfaceWindows
Icons
Mice
*Handwriting
Voice recognition
Touch
Virtual Reality (hand, footmat)
Agents
Connectivity65
Lunix: an open software that looks like a potential for some of Microsoft’s market. Based on UNIX and available free or with small cost for documentation and some support. Not ready for the pop market
Computers and SocietyCulture and computers--desktops, Microsoft and Monoplys
Some Issues. Will Computers and computer technology aid:(1) Freedom (empowerment) or control(2) Increase differences: Digital Divide (access to technology and knowledge)(3)Decrease Personal Privacy
You should be able to think of other issues (check class discussions and Computers and Society links). For example:
Will computers humanize or dehumanize human relations?
Are Computers and the Web addicting?
66****A MUST--check class homepage Computers and Societymenu option and review articles added up until 6/04/ 2000
Recent Computer History:The Information Industry US
--5% Workers US are in information communication, Entertainment etc.
--Microsoft worth, sales up, General Motors relatively flat
--Software and Hardware value 500 billion
--Hardware/Software are 10% 0f GNP
--10% workers are home workers on PC's
--Richest man US is Bill Gates head of Microsoft (How much is he currently worth? approx 89 billion until he lost 442 billion worth after the judges decision)
67
Recent Studies
-- More then 2/3 Americans households has a personal computer (70%) and 73% of these have internet and/or email access.
-- Virtually all Americans under 60 have used computers and (92%)have used the internet.
-- 4 of 5 under 60 with incomes > $30,000 year use computer at work.
--1/2 of employees under 60 < $30,000 income use computer at work
-- 95% of all house-holds have a VCR. 78% percent are hooked to a cable TV system.
--29% have more then 1 computer while 20% have a computer less then 1 year old
(Source) A large survey by National Public Radio, the Kaiser Family Foundation, and Harvard's Kennedy School of Government shows that people overwhelmingly think that computers and the Internet have made Americans' lives better. Check out the survey and results at:
http://www.csubak.edu/~jross/classes/GS390/startup.html68
NPR survey W2000Check out in C@S links
FinalText-all introductions, readings, tutorials
Aware but not skilled in Appleworks, Logo, Desktop Pub.
Labs-all lab exercises-there will be questions about the Macintosh from the computer tutorial
Lecture/discussion-all content, concepts, news, directions, etc
Class WEB page--especially latest Computers and Society links and web tutorials
Questions on how to improve class
120 MC questions and there may be 1-3 short answer quest
Check this GS390 powerpoint outline Monday for additions My Computer: Choose Faculty on Vega (S) then jross
in jross copy and run Gs390rev.ppt71
--bring a pencil---
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