families of the periodic table
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Families of the Periodic Table
The Periodic Table
Families of the Periodic Table:At the conclusion of our time together, you should be able to:
1. Name each region of the Periodic Table2. Name each family of the Periodic Table3. List at least 3 characteristics of each family
of the Periodic Table
Have you ever noticed that you tend to be attracted to someone kind of like you??
Periods in the Periodic Table
1234567
Regions of the Periodic Table
MetalsExtra electronsConductiveMalleable
DenseShinyDuctile
MetalloidsPartly Conductive
Non-MetalsMissing ElectronsNon-ConductiveNot MalleableDull
Groups in the Periodic Table
Elements in groups (families) react in similar ways!
15 Helpful Hints On The Lab Report from
Mr. T’s Vast Lab Experience!!!
Hint #14. No experiment is ever a complete failure, it can always serve as a bad example.
Hydrogen
ElementsGas:
Hydrogen
Hydrogen (cont.)
Characteristics Low density Low melting point Non-metal qualities: brittle, non-conductor,
dull
Reacts w/ halogens to form acids Reacts w/ oxygen to form water
Group 1A: Alkali Metals
Cutting sodium metal
Reaction of potassium + H2O
Alkali Metals
ElementsSolids:
LithiumPotassiumSodiumRubidiumCesiumFrancium
Alkali Metals (cont.)
Characteristics Soft Dull silver color Low density Low melting point Metal qualities: shiny, good conductor,
malleable, ductile
Reacts w/ halogens to form salts Reacts w/ water to form strong alkaline
hydroxides
Magnesium
Magnesium oxide
Group 2A: Alkaline Earth Metals
Alkaline Earth Metals
ElementsSolids
BerylliumMagnesiumCalciumStrontiumBariumRadium
Alkaline Earth Metals (cont.)
Characteristics Soft Shiny silver color Low density Found naturally as compounds Metal qualities: shiny, good conductor,
malleable, ductile
Glow different colors Reacts w/ halogens to form ionic salts
Transition Elements
Lanthanides and Actinides
(Inner Transitions)Iron in air gives iron(III) oxide
Transition Metals
ElementsSolids
All “D-block” elementsAtomic numbers 21-30
39-4857, 72-8089, 104-112
Transition Metals (cont.)
Characteristics High density High melting / boiling point Good catalysts Metal qualities: shiny, good conductor,
malleable, ductile
Hard, tough & strong Silvery blue at room temperature Multiple oxidation states
Design a Hypothesis
Post-Transition Metals
ElementsSolids
AluminumGalliumIndiumTinThalliumLeadBismuthPolonium
Post Transition Metals (cont.)
Characteristics Relatively high density Salts Solids Metal qualities: shiny, good conductor,
malleable, ductile Not as reactive
Opaque color Malleable Oxidation numbers +3, +4, +5
Metalloids
ElementsSolids
BoronSiliconGermaniumArsenicAntimonyTellurium
Metalloids (cont.)
Characteristics Some shiny Some dull Some malleable, some not
Some ductile, some not Has properties of both metals and nonmetals Various oxidation numbers
Other Non-Metals
Gases(Hydrogen)NitrogenOxygen
SolidsPhosphorusSulfurSeleniumCarbon
Other Non-Metals (cont.)
Characteristics Non-metal qualities: dull, brittle, non-
conductor, etc. High ionization energy
High electronegativity Gain electrons easily Various oxidation numbers
Group 7A: The Halogens (salt makers)
F, Cl, Br, I, At
Halogens
SolidsIodineAstatine
LiquidsBromine
GasesFluorineChlorine
Halogens (cont.)
Characteristics
Only group with all 3 states of matter Highly reactive w/ alkali metals & alkaline earth
metals High electronegativity Non-metal qualities: dull, brittle, non-conductor,
etc.
Noble (inert) Gases Group #8 atomsP Shell Full Very Non-reactive Very Happy
Group 8A: The Noble (Inert) Gases
He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn
Lighter than air balloons
“Neon” signs Very nonreactive
because they have full electron levels
XeOF4
Noble Gases
ElementsGases
HeliumNeonArgonKryptonXenonRadon
Noble Gases (cont.)
Characteristics
Non-reactive Odorless Tasteless Colorless Nonflammable
Non-metal qualities: dull, brittle, non-conductor, etc.
Inner Transition Metals
ElementsSolids
All “F-block” elementsAtomic numbers 58-71
90-103
Inner Transition Metals (cont.)
Characteristics Most are manmade High melting points Metal qualities: shiny, good conductor,
malleable, ductile
Reactivity varies Usually bonded to
non-metals AKA: lanthanides &
actinides
New Elements
Elements
Atomic numbers 113 and on
New Elements
Characteristics All are manmade Some will have metal qualities: shiny, good
conductor, malleable, ductile
Some will have non-metal qualities: dull, brittle, non-conductor, etc.
Some will have qualities of both
Periodic Table Sing Along(sing to Battle Hymn of the
Republic)• Mine eyes have seen the glory of the periodic chart• With its periods and columns it's a piece of genius art.• First he sorted by atomic mass,
• t'was Mendeleev's first feat.• A search to organize.Chorus:• Periods - they go across, Families - they do go down• Groups are also known as columns,
• The Periodic Chart!
Periodic Table Sing Along(sing to Battle Hymn of the
Republic)• Some groups are given family names like
• 1, 2, 7 and 8• Alkali metals, reactive ones are on the far, far left.• Group 2 has the name of alkaline earth.
• They're metals all the way.• These families act alike.Chorus:• Periods - they go across, Families - they do go down• Groups are also known as columns,
• the Periodic Chart!
Periodic Table Sing Along(sing to Battle Hymn of the
Republic)• The halogens, group 7 are a non-metallic clan• Group 8 seeks to be alone, acting as noble as they can• The transition, in the middle the most useful
• atoms known• Form colored compounds too.Chorus:• Periods - they go across, Families - they do go down• Groups are also known as columns,
• the Periodic Chart
Families of the Periodic Table:Let’s see if you can:
1. Name each region of the Periodic Table2. Name each family of the Periodic Table3. List at least 3 characteristics of each family
of the Periodic Table
Get Your Clicker!!!
Which pair of elements is MOST similar? Ca and F
Na and Cl
Ne and Ar
Li and H
Copper is an element that is used in electrical wires. What is the smallest unit of copper that still maintains the characteristics of copper?
the atom the electron the nucleus the proton
The picture below shows three objects that can be classified in the same group. Which of the following statements is true for all three of these objects?
They are metals. They rust rapidly. They weigh the same.
They are the same color.
You will be given a blank Periodic Table. List as many families as you can remember with your family and list one characteristic for each.
Period
Group
Alkali M
etal
Noble G
as
Halogen
Alkali E
arth Metal
2.4
Which of the elements is the metalloid?
20% 20% 20%20%20%
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
1. Aluminum2. Silicon3. Chlorine4. Magnesium5. Sulfur
Rubidium (n=37) is in what family of the periodic table?
0% 0% 0% 0% 0%0%0%0%0%
1. Alkali Metals2. Alkaline Earth Metals3. Transition Metals4. Inner Transition Metals5. Post Transition Metals6. Halogens7. Noble Gases8. Metalloids9. Other Nonmetals
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22
Europium (n=63) is in what family of the periodic table?
0% 0% 0% 0% 0%0%0%0%0%
1. Alkali Metals2. Alkaline Earth Metals3. Transition Metals4. Inner Transition Metals5. Post Transition Metals6. Halogens7. Noble Gases8. Metalloids9. Other Nonmetals
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22
Nitrogen (n=7) is in what family of the periodic table?
0% 0% 0% 0% 0%0%0%0%0%
1. Alkali Metals2. Alkaline Earth Metals3. Transition Metals4. Inner Transition Metals5. Post Transition Metals6. Halogens7. Noble Gases8. Metalloids9. Other Nonmetals
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22
Bismuth (n=83) is in what family of the periodic table?
0% 0% 0% 0% 0%0%0%0%0%
1. Alkali Metals2. Alkaline Earth Metals3. Transition Metals4. Inner Transition Metals5. Post Transition Metals6. Halogens7. Noble Gases8. Metalloids9. Other Nonmetals
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22
Iron (n=26) is in what family of the periodic table?
0% 0%
88%
0% 0%
13%
0%0%0%
1. Alkali Metals2. Alkaline Earth Metals3. Transition Metals4. Inner Transition Metals5. Post Transition Metals6. Halogens7. Noble Gases8. Metalloids9. Other Nonmetals
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
Arsenic (n=33) is in what family of the periodic table?
0%
6%
0% 0%
19%
63%
0%
6%6%
1. Alkali Metals2. Alkaline Earth Metals3. Transition Metals4. Inner Transition Metals5. Post Transition Metals6. Halogens7. Noble Gases8. Metalloids9. Other Nonmetals
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
Krypton (n=36) is in what family of the periodic table?
0% 0% 0% 0%
13%
0%
81%
0%
6%
1. Alkali Metals2. Alkaline Earth Metals3. Transition Metals4. Inner Transition Metals5. Post Transition Metals6. Halogens7. Noble Gases8. Metalloids9. Other Nonmetals
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
Barium (n=56) is in what family of the periodic table?
6%
94%
0% 0% 0%0%0%0%0%
1. Alkali Metals2. Alkaline Earth Metals3. Transition Metals4. Inner Transition Metals5. Post Transition Metals6. Halogens7. Noble Gases8. Metalloids9. Other Nonmetals
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
Iodine (n=53) is in what family of the periodic table?
0% 0% 0%
6%
0%0%
6%
69%
19%
1. Alkali Metals2. Alkaline Earth Metals3. Transition Metals4. Inner Transition Metals5. Post Transition Metals6. Halogens7. Noble Gases8. Metalloids9. Other Nonmetals
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
The End!!!
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