the periodic table special groups (families)rosemount.emsb.qc.ca/school-pages/subject...
TRANSCRIPT
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The Periodic Table
Special Groups (Families)
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Certain groups in the periodic table have
specific names:
The alkali metals, include all the elements
of the first column except hydrogen, which
does not belong to any group.
ALKALI METALS
A B C D
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Alkali metals, Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr are
Soft, with low melting temperatures,
They shine and conduct heat and
electricity.
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In their pure state alkali metals must be
stored in oil, because they react on
exposure to moisture in the air.
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They react vigorously with acids, water,
oxygen and halogens.
Halogens are elements located second-to-
last group of the periodic table.
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This photo shows the explosive
reaction that occurs when
sodium comes into contact with
chlorine.
Click the picture to play video.
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Alkali metal’s reaction with water
generates hydrogen gas and a base.
Click on the
picture to play the
video.
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Alkaline Earth Metals
Elements of the second group are called
alkaline earth metals.
A B C D
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Alkaline earth metals
are Be, Mg, Ca, Sr,
Ba, Ra.
They are harder than
alkali metals and have
higher melting points.
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These properties are due largely to the
presence of two valence electrons on each
atom, which leads to stronger metallic
bonding than occurs in Group 1.
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Alkaline earth metals also conduct heat
and electricity.
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They too react with acids, water, oxygen
and halogens, but not as violently as alkali
metals.
Click picture to play video.
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The reaction with water also generates
hydrogen gas and a base (an alkali).
Click picture to play video.
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Alkaline earth
metals are mainly
found in rocks.
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Halogens
The Halogens are elements in the Group 7
A B C D
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Halogens are F, Cl, Br, I,
At
They are very reactive
and form compounds;
Click the table to view
the video.
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Several halogens are powerful
disinfectants;
Chlorine, for example is used to
treat water in the swimming
pools.
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At room temperature halogens can be found
in all three states: gaseous F2 and Cl2, liquid
Br2 and solids I2, At.
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Noble, Inert or Rare Gases
The noble gases also called rare gases or
inert gases make up the final column of
the periodic table.
A B C D
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Noble gases are He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn, Uuo.
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Generally, not
chemically active,
they do not react
with other
elements.
Click the picture
to view the video.
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None of the noble gases are flammable.
For this reason, they can mostly be found
in their elemental state in nature.
Click the picture to play the video.
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The noble gases glow brightly when an
electric discharge is passed through them.
They are used as advertising signs