eva perón 1919-1952
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BY: JENNIFER ARAUJO JOCELYN DE LA O
JULIA JACKSONEMILY OLEARCZYK
Eva Perón 1919-1952
Don’t Cry For Me Argentina
The Life and political career of Eva Perón, Argentina’s first lady, women's right activist, actress, political leader, and Evita
Early life
Born María Eva Duarte on May 7th 1919 in Los Todos, Argentina
Her mother was Juana Ibarguren
Her father, Juan Duarte, was a wealthy rancher in Chivilcoy, where he already had a wife and family
He abandoned Eva and her 4 siblings when she was 1 year old
Eva was a part of the “second family”
Considered bastards and lived an isolated life
The Death Of Her Father
January 8, 1926 her father is killed in a car crash
During the funeral, they could pay respects but were not allowed to stay
Mrs. Juan Duarte (His legitimate wife) did not want her husbands mistress and family to attend the funeral so they were promptly kicked out
This bitter memory caused her to destroy her original birth certificate as means to destroy that from her past in 1945
Move to Junín, Argentina
She and her family move into a 1 bedroom apartment in Junín
To pay rent they all got odd jobs and turned the home into a boarding home Her mother was a seamstress and cook
Eva participates in many school plays like, Arriba Estudiantes, or Students Arise!
Her mother wanted her to marry a bachelor, Eva wanted to become a famous actress In her autobiography she states, “Even as a little girl I wanted to
recite. It was as though I wished to say something to others, something important which I felt in my deepest heart” (The Reason for My Life)
While in Junín her voice was broadcasted for the first time over the radio on House of Music
Off To Buenos Aires!
At 15, she moves to Buenos Aires to pursue her career
Traveled around with a theatre company and modeled
1937: first film role in Segundos Afuera, got a contract to perform over radio
1942: 5 year contract to perform with Radio Belgrano Great Women of History Elizabeth I of England, last Tsarina of
Russia One of the highest paid radio-actresses Short lived acting career, moves to politics
First Beginnings With Juan Perón
January 15, 1944 an earthquake kills over 10,000 people in San Juan
Secretary of Labor, Perón begins a fundraiser, an “artistic festival” where all of Argentina’s radio and TV personalities were invited.
January 22, 1944 a gala was held at Luna Park Stadium where Eva and Juan first meet. She was 24, he was 48
May 1944, she was chosen as president for Agrupación Radial Argentina, a union which she founded a year earlier
She spoke on behalf of Juan on her radio talk show, Toward a Better future She spoke of her humble upbringing which helped
appeal to the poor working classes When he was arrested, she supposedly gathered
thousands to help free him on October 17 They were married that December
Argentina
Elite and military supported government 1930’s import substitution industrialization →
working class doubled Female wage labor force 62% increase
Tensions between elite and rest of Argentina (European immigrants drawn in from early 1990s strong economy, middle class, working class, rural people)
Argentina & Peronism
Peronism/justicialismo: political movement based on Juan and Eva Peron’s ideas/programs Capitalist-socialist median
Juan Perón presidency 1946Populist government
National appeal to public sectorsElite disapproval → political
advantage“Voice of the descamisados” (the
shirtless ones; Argentine workers)
Eva Peron & Evita
“I have no interest in talking about Eva Peron…I am interested in talking about "Evita;“…because whoever understands "Evita“ perhaps also grasps more easily her "descamisados,” the people themselves, who will never aggrandize themselves”
Supported women’s right to vote Latin American feminismEvita, wife of the leaderPride in being woman
Feminism has become ridiculous and masculinization of females
Eva Peron vs. Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner
Popularity of her husband, President Nestor Kirchner
Peronist partyKirchner 2007
presidencyBoth women greatly
involved in husbands’ politics
Peron’s Mission For Women
Profession as women – to create Family home Vocation to sacrifice Right to create, alongside man, a better humanity
Mother of family work for no salaryconcern: women’s movement should focus on
improving lives through the home → should give monthly salary to wives/mothers
Eva’s monthly salary idea was one of many molded around her followers
Peron as Secretary of Labor from 1943-1945 “Perón-People”
Eva began to find ways to meet the needs of the people who crowded the sidewalks outside her house. Labor unions contribute
Europe
How It All Began…
Eva Perón Foundation
On June 19, 1948, the María Eva Duarte Social Help Foundation was established
The Foundation had five goals:1. Loan money, provide tools, establish scholarships
for deserving people who lack resources2. Construct housing for needy families3. Construct educational establishments, hospitals,
recreational facilities4. Construct buildings for the common good which
can be transferred with or without charge to National, Provincial or Municipal governments
5. Contribute or collaborate by any means available to realization of works constructed for the common good which help meet basic needs of least favored social classes.
Hogares de Transito
In 1948, the Fundación opened three Hogares de Tránsito
3 Hogares Residents stayed for
an average of about eight days
Open to anyone who needed assistance
Foreign Aid To AMERICA
“This plane that will soon arrive in the United States represents the kindness of our leader and what we are capable of doing for the dispossessed, no matter where they are,” Evita wrote.
“May this action and this aid which we offer with all respect and affection to the great people of the United States serve as an example as we humbly send them our little grain of sand to help.”
The Foundation set up a plan for the construction of one thousand schools throughout Argentina Agricultural schools,
workshops, Nursery schools and daycare centers
Eva Peron School of NursingEarthquake struck Ecuador.
Medical personnel from the Eva Peron Foundation flew to the neighboring country to help
Education
Later Life
Eva’s husband, Juan Peron sought re-election in 1952 and Eva hoped that his running mate would be her
The working class of Argentina was overwhelmingly in favor of her becoming the Vice-President, although the military and upper class were aghast at the thought of her running the nation if her husband died
In 1951, hundreds of thousands of people rallied in support of her, however she eventually decided not to become her husband’s running mate
Death
In 1950, Eva was diagnosed with uterine cancer
Her illness couldn’t have been stopped even through aggressive treatment like hysterectomy
She passed away on July 26, 1952 at the age of 33 years old
Remains Of Evita’s Body
Eva’s remains were mummified by her fluids being replaced with glycerin
When Juan Peron died in 1974, their bodies were displayed side-by-side for a while until Eva was sent to her current home, Recoleta Cemetary in Buenos Aires
Evita’s Legacy
The Eva Peron Foundation Established a School of
NursingChildren’s HomesHogares de Transito Women’s Rights
Museum
On July 26, 2002, Eva’s grandniece Christina Alvarez Rodriguez created the Evita Musuem in Buenos Aires which is housed in a mansion constructed for the Carabassa family
This building was declared a National Historical Monument in 1999
Overall
Based on what we know about Latin America, did her skin color and background play a major role in the election of her husband?
What influence did Eva have in the lives of Argentine women and working class?
What and who encompassed Eva Peron’s support coalition?
Sources
http://comunicacionpopular.com.ar/el-dia-que-eva-peron-ayudo-a-los-ninos-pobres-y-negros-de-washington/
http://www.evitaperon.orghttp://
www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-18707516
O’conner and Garofalo’s Eva Peron’s Views On Women and Society in Argentina
http://latinamericanhistory.about.com/od/historyofsouthamerica/a/evita_3.htm
http://www.evitaperon.org/part3.htm
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