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TRANSCRIPT
George BentleyEditor
European SurgicalOrthopaedics andTraumatology
The EFORT Textbook
With 3294 Figures and 278 Tables
EditorGeorge BentleyUniversity College LondonLondon, UK
Royal National Orthopaedic HospitalStanmore, Middlesex, UK
ISBN 978-3-642-34745-0 ISBN 978-3-642-34746-7 (eBook)ISBN 978-3-642-34747-4 (print and electronic bundle)DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-34746-7Springer Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London
Library of Congress Control Number: 2014932431
# EFORT 2014This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether thewhole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation,reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilmsor in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval,electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology nowknown or hereafter developed. Exempted from this legal reservation are brief excerptsin connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied specifically forthe purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use bythe purchaser of the work. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permittedonly under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the Publisher’s location, in itscurrent version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer.Permissions for use may be obtained through RightsLink at the Copyright ClearanceCenter. Violations are liable to prosecution under the respective Copyright Law.The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks,etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, thatsuch names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and thereforefree for general use.While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate atthe date of publication, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can acceptany legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publishermakes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein.
Printed on acid-free paper
Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Preface
This EFORT textbook was developed by the Executive Committee following
the excellent Surgical Techniques in Orthopaedics and Traumatology edited
by Prof. Jacques Duparc a decade ago.
Following discussions with two major publishers, we were assured that
a hard copy textbook/encyclopedia would fill an important niche in the
surgical literature.
Our aim was to produce a text which would act as a surgical techniques
guide, but also embrace the total management of the patients which, it is now
realised, is vital to best surgical practice and maximal patient outcomes.
I was very enthusiastic because, as an Englishman with some exposure to
European literature and practice, I realised this book would present an
exciting opportunity to bring together and publicise the rich variety and
quality of clinical practice, research, and literature available in Europe,
which was not fully appreciated by much of the English-speaking world.
The layout of the book is traditional in some ways, but I was anxious
that all the authors should present their views in their own personal style.
Therefore the book is arranged in 10 sections and the chapters have a common
overall format. Each chapter has a contents section for easy checking and
keywords, but the “flavour” of the authors’ professional approach to the topic
is apparent from reading each individual chapter.
Hence, this book is a unique collection of chapters on all the major
conditions we deal with in orthopaedics and traumatology, presented in
a lively way and embracing many well-tested techniques and management
protocols.
The overall aimwas to produce a source (major reference work) which will
be equally valuable to trainees, all those involved in education and training,
and those whose profession is in a general rather than super-specialised
practice. Hence each chapter has sub-sections on, literature, relevant basic
sciences, clinical assessment, indications for surgery, pre-operative planning,
surgical techniques, post-operative management, rehabilitation, complica-
tions and outcomes.
I must pay tribute to the Section Editors who have been excellent and
without whom the book would not have been started, let alone written. Here
I must mention particularly Franz Langlais, who was tragically taken from us
early on. Their expertise and enthusiasm have been invaluable. Nevertheless,
because of the requirement to have a common approach and theme, and
vii
conscious that many authors are not primary English speakers, I thought it
essential to edit and review the whole text personally. Therefore, any defects
are mine.
Throughout I have had unqualified support from all my colleagues on the
Executive Committee, in particular the supervising Presidents, Karl-Goran
Thorngren, Miklos Szendroi, Pierre Hoffmeyer and Manuel Cassiano Neves,
together with an abundance of useful advice. Per Kjaersgaard-Anderson has
been a tower of strength as my adviser especially in our final preparation and
negotiations.
The actual process of producing such a book is sometimes challenging.
It would not have been possible without my secretary/PA, Rosemary
Radband. Her rapid and expert way of handling data, and some authors,
made it possible. The Springer team – Gabriele Schroeder, Sylvia Blago
and particularly Simone Giesler – has been excellent, expert, completely
professional, and a pleasure to work with. Latterly Susan Davenport of
EFORT has given unstinting support.
This task has been a great privilege and pleasure for me. I have come to
appreciate and sometimes wonder at the works of my author colleagues.
My thanks are not sufficient to express my gratitude to you all.
This book may never be published again in hard copy but the E-copy will
be easy to update in future. We now have an authoritative and unique
European base for our future educational programmes which will, I hope,
enrich all our surgical lives.
George Bentley London, 2014
viii Preface
Contents
Volume 1
Part I General Orthopaedics and Traumatology . . . . . . . . . . 1
Musculo-Skeletal Imaging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Philippa Tyler and Asif Saifuddin
Operating Theatres and Avoidance of Surgical Sepsis . . . . . . . 63
Paolo Gallinaro, Elena Maria Brach del Prever, Alessandro Bistolfi,
Antonio Odasso, Matteo Bo, and Carlo Marco Masoero
Bone Autografting, Allografting and Banking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Tom Van Isacker, Olivier Cornu, Olivier Barbier,
Denis Dufrane, Antoine de Gheldere, and Christian Delloye
Bone Substitutes in Clinical Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
Jari Salo
Organisational Aspects of Trauma Care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
Imran Anwar, Dan Butler, and Keith Willett
Classification of Long Bone Fractures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
Thierry Rod Fleury and Richard Stern
Non-Operative Treatment of Long Bone Fractures
in Adults . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
J. Fabry and Pierre-Paul Casteleyn
External Fixation in Fracture Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
Peter Calder
Fractures with Arterial Injury . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
Panayotis N. Soucacos and Zinon T. Kokkalis
Biologics in Open Fractures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
Christian Kleber and Norbert P. Haas
Compartment Syndromes in the Lower Limb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221
Peter V. Giannoudis, Rozalia Dimitriou, and George Kontakis
Management of Delayed Union, Non-Union and
Mal-Union of Long Bone Fractures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241
Gershon Volpin and Haim Shtarker
xiii
Necrotising Fasciitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267
Nikolaos K. Kanakaris and Peter V. Giannoudis
Osteoporosis, Fragility, Falls and Fractures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281
Karl-Goran Thorngren
Management of Synovial Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301
Zois P. Stavrou and Petros Z. Stavrou
Orthopaedic Management of the Haemophilias . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319
Richard Wallensten
Infections in Orthopaedics and Fractures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331
Eivind Witso
Thromboprophylaxis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365
David Warwick
Surgical Amputations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 375
John C. Angel
Volume 2
Part II Spine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405
Applications of Prostheses and Fusion in the
Cervical Spine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 407
Robert W. Marshall and Neta Raz
Surgical Treatment of the Cervical Spine in
Rheumatoid Arthritis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425
Zdenek Klezl and Jan Stulik
Thoracic Outlet Syndrome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 449
Henk Giele
Conservative Management of Spinal Deformity
in Childhood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 463
Federico Canavese, Dimitri Ceroni, and Andre Kaelin
New Surgical Techniques in Scoliosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 483
Acke Ohlin
Surgical Management of Neuromuscular Scoliosis . . . . . . . . . . 499
J. Brad Williamson
Surgical Management of Adult Scoliosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 521
Norbert Passuti, G. A. Odri, and P. M. Longis
Spondylolysis With or Without Spondylolisthesis . . . . . . . . . . . 533
Philippe Gillet
Microdiscectomy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 557
Trichy S. Rajagopal and Robert W. Marshall
xiv Contents
Applications of Lumbar Spinal Fusion and Disc
Replacement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 581
Robert W. Marshall and Neta Raz
Spinal Osteotomy – Indications and Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . 609
Enric Caceres Palou
Posterior Decompression for Lumbar Spinal Stenosis . . . . . . . . 625
Franco Postacchini and Roberto Postacchini
Minimally-Invasive Anterior Lumbar Spinal Fusion . . . . . . . . . 643
H. Michael Mayer
Sub-Total and Total Vertebrectomy for Tumours . . . . . . . . . . . 661
Stefano Boriani, Joseph Schwab, Stefano Bandiera,
Simone Colangeli, Riccardo Ghermandi, and
Alessandro Gasbarrini
Computer-Aided Spine Surgery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 677
Teija Lund, Timo Laine, Heikki Osterman, Timo Yrjonen, and
Dietrich Schlenzka
General Management of Spinal Injuries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 697
Cesar Vincent and Charles Court
Injuries of the Cervical Spine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 717
Spiros G. Pneumaticos, Georgios K. Triantafyllopoulos, and
Peter V. Giannoudis
Treatment of Thoraco-Lumbar Spinal Injuries . . . . . . . . . . . . . 743
Antonio A. Faundez
Kyphoplasty - the Current Treatment for Osteoporotic
Vertebral Fractures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 761
Guillem Salo
Strategies for Low Back Pain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 777
Richard Eyb and G. Grabmeier
Treatment of the Aging Spine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 785
Max Aebi
Infections of the Spine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 801
Jose Guimaraes Consciencia, Rui Pinto, and Tiago Saldanha
Surgical Management of Spondylodiscitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 813
Maite Ubierna and Enric Caceres Palou
Surgical Management of Tuberculosis of the Spine . . . . . . . . . . 829
Ahmet Alanay and Deniz Olgun
Contents xv
Part III Shoulder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 845
Biomechanics of the Shoulder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 847
David Limb
Principles of Shoulder Imaging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 865
S. Shetty and Paul O’Donnell
Outcome Scores for Shoulder Dysfunction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 881
Simon M. Lambert
Traumatic Lesions of the Brachial Plexus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 891
Rolfe Birch
Scapular Dysplasia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 925
Tim Bunker
Snapping Scapula . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 935
Roger J. H. Emery and Thomas M. Gregory
Fractures of the Scapula . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 943
Norbert Suedkamp and Kaywan Izadpanah
Scapulothoracic Arthrodesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 969
Deborah Higgs and Simon M. Lambert
Sternoclavicular Joint and Medial Clavicle Injuries . . . . . . . . . 977
Alistair M. Pace and Lars Neumann
Fractures of the Shaft of the Clavicle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 993
Iain R. Murray, L. A. Kashif Khan, and C. Michael Robinson
Acromioclavicular Injuries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1019
Jonas Franke and Lars Neumann
The Fibrous Lock (Skeleton) of the Rotator Cuff . . . . . . . . . . . . 1039
Olivier Gagey
Rotator Cuff Tears-Open Repair . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1043
Tim Bunker
Partial Rotator Cuff Ruptures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1063
Antonio Cartucho
Arthroscopic Management of Full-Thickness Rotator
Cuff Tears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1083
Jean-Francois Kempf, Aristote Hans-Moevi, and Philippe Clavert
Inverse/Reverse Polarity Arthroplasty for Cuff Tears with
Arthritis (Including Cuff Tear Arthropathy) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1105
Alexander Van Tongel and Lieven De Wilde
Glenohumeral Instability – an Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1123
Pierre Hoffmeyer
xvi Contents
Recurrent Glenohumeral Instability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1137
Mark Tauber and Peter Habermeyer
Open Capsuloplasty for Antero-Inferior and
Multi-Directional Instability of the Shoulder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1153
Pierre Hoffmeyer
Shoulder Instability in Children and Adolescents . . . . . . . . . . . 1163
Jorn Kircher and R€udiger Krauspe
Frozen Shoulder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1185
Tim Bunker and Chris Smith
Shoulder Arthrodesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1201
Jean-Luc Jouve, Gerard Bollini, R. Legre, C. Guardia,
E. Choufani, J. Demakakos, and B. Blondel
Resurfacing Arthroplasty of the Shoulder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1217
Stephen A. Copeland and Jai G. Relwani
Treatment of Proximal Humerus Fractures by Plate
Osteosynthesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1229
David Limb
Intramedullary Nail Fixation of the Proximal Humerus . . . . . . 1247
Carlos Torrens
Fractures of the Proximal Humerus Treated by
Plate Fixation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1259
Pierre Hoffmeyer
Hemi-Arthroplasty for Fractures of the Proximal
Humerus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1277
Tony Corner and Panagiotis D. Gikas
Humeral Shaft Fractures - Principles of Management . . . . . . . 1293
Deborah Higgs
Volume 3
Part IV Arm, Elbow and Forearm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1303
Biomechanics of the Elbow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1305
David Limb
Surgical Anatomy, Approaches and Biomechanics of
the Elbow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1317
Raul Barco, Jose Ballesteros, Manuel Llusa, and
Samuel A. Antuna
Arthroscopic Techniques in the Elbow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1339
Izaak F. Kodde, Frank T. G. Rahusen, and Denise Eygendaal
Contents xvii
Distal Biceps and Triceps Avulsions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1355
R. Amirfeyz and David Stanley
Epicondylitis, Lateral and Medial; Biceps and Triceps
Tendonitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1365
Taco Gosens
Acute and Chronic Ligamentous Injury of the Elbow . . . . . . . . 1381
David Cloke and David Stanley
Distal Humerus Fractures – 90� Plating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1395
Klaus Burkhart, Jens Dargel, and Lars P. M€uller
Fractures of the Distal Humerus – Total Elbow
Arthroplasty (Hemi-Arthroplasty) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1407
Lars Adolfsson
Fracture Dislocations of the Elbow - the Elbow Fixator
Concept . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1423
Konrad Mader, Jens Dargel, and Thomas Gausepohl
Fractures of the Olecranon, Radial Head/Neck, and
Coronoid Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1451
Peter Kloen, Thomas Christian Koslowsky, and Konrad Mader
Post-Traumatic Elbow Stiffness - Arthrolysis and
Mechanical Distraction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1479
Konrad Mader and Dietmar Pennig
The Forearm Joint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1509
Christian Dumontier and Marc Soubeyrand
Surgical Anatomy and Approaches for Fracture Treatment
in the Forearm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1525
Marc Soubeyrand, Vincent Wasserman, Gregoire Ciais,
Marina Clement-Rigolet, Christian Dumontier, and Olivier Gagey
Monteggia, Galeazzi and Essex-Lopresti Injuries
of the Forearm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1539
Doug Campbell and David Limb
Peripheral Nerve Injuries and Repair . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1555
Tim Hems
Tendon Transfers for Median, Radial and Ulnar
Nerve Palsies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1579
Panayotis N. Soucacos, Alexandros Touliatos, and
Elizabeth O. Johnson
Part V Hand and Wrist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1595
Surgical Anatomy and Approaches to the Hand and Wrist . . . 1597
Panayotis N. Soucacos and Elizabeth O. Johnson
xviii Contents
Arthroscopy of the Wrist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1621
Tommy Lindau and Ash Moaveni
Congenital Hand Anomalies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1653
R. Jose, Mary O’Brien, and Frank Burke
Treatment of Distal Radial Fractures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1675
Philippe Kopylov, Antonio Abramo, Ante Mrkonjic, and
Magnus T€agil
Scaphoid and Carpal Bone Fractures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1699
Joseph J. Dias and Harvinder Singh
Kienbock’s Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1727
Ian A. Trail
Ligamentous Injuries of the Wrist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1739
Carlos Heras-Palou
The Ulnar Corner (Distal Radio-Ulnar Joint) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1755
David Warwick and Eleni Balabanidou
Ligamentous Injuries and Instability of the Fingers
and Thumb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1781
Frank Burke and Mark G. Swindells
Basal Thumb Osteoarthritis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1797
Frank Burke and Dan Armstrong
Osteoarthritis of the Fingers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1811
Tim A. Coughlin and Timothy Cresswell
Swellings of the Hand and Wrist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1825
Tim Hems
Hand Fractures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1847
Tracy Horton
Nerve Compression in the Upper Limb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1885
Frank Burke and A. Barnard
The Management of Painful Nerves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1909
David Elliot and H. van Dam
Flexor and Extensor Injuries in the Hand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1955
Mary O’Brien and Frank Burke
Coverage of Traumatic Injuries of the Hand and Wrist . . . . . . 1977
Mikko Larsen, Caroline Bijnen-Girardot, and
Marco J. P. F. Ritt
High Pressure Injection Injuries of the Hand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2001
Frank Burke
Infections of the Hand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2009
Zoe H. Dailiana and Nikolaos Rigopoulos
Contents xix
Management of Cerebral Palsy in the Upper Limb . . . . . . . . . . 2033
Michael Alan Tonkin
Surgical Management of the Rheumatoid Hand . . . . . . . . . . . . 2051
Alberto Lluch
Re-Implantation and Amputation of the Digits
and Thumb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2087
Panayotis N. Soucacos
Volume 4
Part VI Pelvis and Hip . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2105
Total Hip Arthroplasty - Current Approaches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2107
Martin Krismer and Michael Nogler
Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2133
Paolo Gallinaro, Alessandro Masse, Angiola Valente, and
C. Cuocolo
Hip Arthroscopy and Treatment of Acetabular Retroversion
and Impingement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2147
Chris Paliobeis and Richard Villar
Hip Dislocation and Femoral Head Fractures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2179
Paul Gillespie, Alessandro Aprato, and Martin Bircher
Fractures of the Femoral Neck and Proximal Femur . . . . . . . . 2203
Karl-Goran Thorngren
Acetabular Fractures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2269
Gianfranco Zinghi and Lorenzo Ponziani
Fractures and Dislocations of the Pelvic Ring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2319
Joerg H. Holstein, D. Koehler, U. Culemann, and Tim Pohlemann
Chiari Osteotomy of the Hip . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2335
Peter Zenz and Wolfgang Schw€agerl
Bernese Peri-Acetabular Osteotomy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2343
Rafael J. Sierra, Michael Leunig, and Reinhold Ganz
Tribology of Hip Joint Replacement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2365
Zhongmin Jin and John Fisher
Cementless Total Hip Joint Replacement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2379
Klaus-Peter G€unther, Firas Al-Dabouby, and Peter Bernstein
Cemented Total Hip Replacement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2397
J. R. Morley, R. Barker, and Jonathan R. Howell
xx Contents
Exposure of the Hip - Trochanteric Osteotomy,
Re-Attachment and Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2423
B. M. Wroblewski, P. D. Siney, and P. A. Fleming
Hip Replacement for Old Developmental Dysplasia
of the Hip . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2441
Xavier Flecher, J. M. Aubaniac, S. Parratte, and
Jean-Noel Argenson
Total Hip Replacement for Ankylosed Hips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2453
Marcel Kerboull, George Bentley, Luc Kerboull, and
Moussah Hamadouche
Ceramic-on-Ceramic Total Hip Replacement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2461
Laurent Sedel
Pain Management After Total Hip Replacement . . . . . . . . . . . . 2473
Per Kjærsgaard-Andersen and Kirsten Specht
The Role of Navigation in Hip Arthroplasty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2483
Thomas Mattes and Ralf Decking
Complications of Total Hip Replacement Including
Dislocation of Total Hip Replacement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2495
Klaus-Peter G€unther, Stephan Kirschner, Maik Stiehler, and
Albrecht Hartmann
Periprosthetic Infection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2511
Carsten Perka and Michael M€uller
Periprosthetic Femoral Fractures in Total
Hip Arthroplasty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2527
Luigi Zagra and Roberto Giacometti Ceroni
Aseptic Loosening of Total Hip Replacements - Acetabulum . . . . 2553
Hans Gollwitzer, R€udiger von Eisenhart-Rothe, and
Reiner Gradinger
Acetabular Revision in Total Hip Arthroplasty Using
Bone Impaction Grafting and Cement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2573
W. H. C. Rijnen, J. W. M. Gardeniers, P. Buma, and
B. W. Schreurs
Femoral Impaction Grafting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2583
Samantha Hook and Jonathan R. Howell
Revision Total Hip Replacement with Transfemoral
Extended Osteotomy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2609
Roberto Binazzi and Per Kjærsgaard-Andersen
Resurfacing Arthroplasty of the Hip . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2621
Maik Stiehler, Stephan Kirschner, and Klaus-Peter G€unther
Contents xxi
Dual Mobility Concept - Bipolar Hip Replacement . . . . . . . . . . 2635
Michel-Henri Fessy
Resection Arthroplasty of the Hip . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2649
Michael M€uller and Carsten Perka
Volume 5
Part VII Thigh, Knee and Shin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2661
Surgical Approaches to the Femur . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2663
Jean-Marc Feron, Bertrand Cherrier, and Francois Signoret
Nailing of Femoral Shaft Fractures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2677
Peter V. Giannoudis, Petros Z. Stavrou, and Costas Papakostidis
Fractures of the Distal Femur . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2699
Cameron Downs, Arne Berner, and Michael Sch€utz
Knee Arthroscopy - Principles and Technique . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2717
Philippe Beaufils and N. Pujol-Cervini
Complications of Knee Arthroscopy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2729
Robin Allum
Surgical Approaches to the Knee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2745
Michael T. Hirschmann, Faik K. Afifi, and Niklaus F. Friederich
Quadriceps Tendon Rupture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2755
Robert A. Magnussen, Guillaume Demey, Pooler Archbold, and
Philippe Neyret
Fractures of the Patella . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2765
Florent Weppe, Guillaume Demey, Camdon Fary, and
Philippe Neyret
Patellar Instability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2789
Simon Donell
Patellar Instability in Children and Adolescents . . . . . . . . . . . . 2803
Jorn Kircher and R€udiger Krauspe
Management of Proximal Tibial Fractures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2825
Christos Garnavos
Tibial Shaft Fractures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2853
Rozalia Dimitriou and Peter V. Giannoudis
Meniscal Lesions Today - Evidence for Treatment . . . . . . . . . . 2879
Nicolas Pujol, Philippe Beaufils, and Philippe Boisrenoult
Meniscal Allografts of the Knee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2897
Rene Verdonk, Peter Verdonk, Marie Van Laer, and
Karl Fredrik Almqvist
xxii Contents
Repair of Osteochondral Defects Employing Chondrocyte
Transplantation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2905
George Bentley and Panagiotis D. Gikas
Mosaicplasty for Articular Cartilage Defects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2913
Laszlo Hangody and Agnes Berta
Structural Allografts for Bone Loss in the
Knee - Arthroplasty Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2925
Raul A. Kuchinad, Shawn Garbedian, Benedict A. Rogers,
David Backstein, Oleg Safir, and Allan E. Gross
Unicondylar Osteo-Articular Allografts in Knee
Reconstructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2937
Giuseppe Bianchi, Eric L. Staals, Davide Donati, and
Mario Mercuri
Acute Knee Ligament Injuries and Knee Dislocation . . . . . . . . 2949
John F. Keating
Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Reconstruction Using
Hamstring Tendon Graft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2973
Andy M. Williams, Danyal H. Nawabi, and Claus Locherbach
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction with
Bone – Patellar Tendon – Bone Autograft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2991
Elcil Kaya Bicer, Elvire Servien, Sebastien Lustig, and
Philippe Neyret
Patellar Tendon Rupture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3019
Robert A. Magnussen, Guillaume Demey, Pooler Archbold, and
Philippe Neyret
Posterior Cruciate Ligament and Posterolateral
Corner Injuries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3031
George Dowd and Fares Sami Haddad
Postero-Lateral Knee Ligament Repair . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3071
Pablo E. Gelber, Joan C. Monllau, and Joao Espregueira-Mendes
MCL (Medial Collateral Ligament) and PMC
(Postero-Medial Corner) Injuries of the Knee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3093
Sujith Konan and Fares Sami Haddad
Failed Anterior Cruciate Ligament Repair . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3113
Helder Pereira, Nuno Sevivas, Pedro Varanda, Alberto Monteiro,
Joan C. Monllau, and Joao Espregueira-Mendes
Supracondylar Femoral Osteotomy for Osteoarthritis
of the Knee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3129
Matthias Jacobi and Roland P. Jakob
Upper Tibial Osteotomy for Osteoarthritis of the Knee . . . . . . 3143
Daniel Fritschy
Contents xxiii
Unicompartmental Knee Replacement (UKR) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3155
Nikolaus Bohler
Patello-Femoral Arthroplasty (PFR) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3163
John Newman
Posterior Cruciate Ligament-Retaining Total Knee
Arthroplasty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3179
Danyal H. Nawabi, Ali Abbasian, and Timothy W. R. Briggs
Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL)-Sacrificing Total Knee
Arthroplasty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3201
Matthew T. Brown, Jagmeet S. Bhamra, J. Palmer, A. Olivier,
Panagiotis D. Gikas, and Timothy W. R. Briggs
Mobile-Bearing Knee Prostheses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3211
Urs K. Munzinger and Jens G. Boldt
Computer-Assisted and Minimally-Invasive Total Knee
Arthroplasty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3227
Peter Ritschl
Periprosthetic Fractures of the Knee Above Total Knee Joint
Arthroplasty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3245
Gershon Volpin, Chanan Tauber, Roger Sevi, and
Haim Shtarker
Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3261
Karl Knahr and Delio Pramhas
One-Stage Management of the Infected Total Knee
Prosthesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3279
Thorsten Gehrke
The Stiff Knee in Adults . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3295
Tomas K. Drobny
Knee Arthrodesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3319
Bernd Preininger, Georg Matziolis, and Carsten Perka
Gait Analysis and the Assessment of Total Knee
Replacement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3333
Fabio Catani, M. G. Benedetti, and Sandro Giannini
Management of the Athlete’s Knee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3349
Maurilio Marcacci, S. Zaffagnini, G. M. Marcheggiani Muccioli,
T. Bonanzinga, Giuseppe Filardo, D. Bruni, A. Benzi, and A. Grassi
Knee Scoring Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3371
Elizaveta Kon, Giulio Altadonna, Giuseppe Filardo,
Berardo Di Matteo, and Maurilio Marcacci
The Knee in Cerebral Palsy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3389
Walter Michael Strobl and Franz Grill
xxiv Contents
Volume 6
Part VIII Ankle and Foot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3407
Hallux Interphalangeus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3409
Timothy Huw David Williams and Dishan Singh
Hallux Valgus - Distal Osteotomies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3417
Reinhard Schuh and Hans-Jorg Trnka
The Short Scarf 1st Metatarsal Osteotomy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3433
Pierre Barouk, Mihai Vioreanu, and Louis Samuel Barouk
Arthrodesis of the First Metatarsocuneiform Joint . . . . . . . . . . 3451
Thanos Badekas and Panagiotis Symeonidis
Osteoarthritis of the Great Toe Metatarsophalangeal
Joint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3457
David Gordon and Dishan Singh
Lesser Toe Deformities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3469
Jan W. Louwerens and J. C. M. Schrier
Bunionette Deformities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3503
Andy J. Goldberg
Metatarsalgia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3511
James C. Stanley and Michael M. Stephens
Morton’s Neuroma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3537
Sandro Giannini, M. Cadossi, D. Luciani, and F. Vannini
Midfoot Arthrodesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3547
Monika Horisberger and Victor Valderrabano
Sub-Talar Arthrodesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3567
David Loveday, Mark Farndon, and Nicholas Geary
Flat Foot Deformity Correction by Tendon Transfer . . . . . . . . 3583
Simon A. Henderson and K. Deogaonkar
Surgical Treatment of Cavus Foot Deformity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3595
Thomas Dreher and Wolfram Wenz
Tibialis Posterior Tendon Rupture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3621
Steve Parsons
Peroneal Tendon Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3637
Paul Hamilton and Andrew H. N. Robinson
Ankle Arthroscopy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3659
Johannes I. Wiegerinck and C. N. van Dijk
Ankle Instability (Ankle Sprain) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3679
Derek H. Park and Dishan Singh
Contents xxv
Ankle Arthrodesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3691
Per-Henrik Agren
Total Ankle Replacement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3705
Paul H. Cooke and Andy J. Goldberg
Osteochondral Lesions of the Talus (O.L.T.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3725
Lee Parker, Andy J. Goldberg, and Dishan Singh
Ankle Fractures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3735
Nikolaos Gougoulias and Anthony Sakellariou
Fractures of the Distal Tibia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3767
Mathieu Assal
Fractures of the Talus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3787
Stefan Rammelt and Hans Zwipp
Fractures of the Calcaneus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3813
Hans Zwipp and Stefan Rammelt
Chopart and Lisfranc Fracture-Dislocations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3835
Stefan Rammelt
Acute Achilles Tendon Repair . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3859
Bernhard Devos Bevernage, Pierre Maldague,
Vincent Gombault, Paul-Andre Deleu, and Thibaut Leemrijse
Achilles Tendon Disorders - Chronic Rupture
and Tendinitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3875
Jean-Luc Besse
Heel Pain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3901
Nicholas Cullen and A. Ghassemi
The Diabetic Foot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3915
Patrick Laing
Rheumatoid Forefoot Reconstruction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3963
Amit Amin and Dishan Singh
Volume 7
Part IX Musculo-Skeletal Tumours . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3975
Imaging Algorithm in the Diagnosis, Therapy Control
and Follow-up of Musculo-Skeletal Tumours and
Metastases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3977
Iris M. Noebauer-Huhmann, Joannis Panotopoulos, and
Rainer I. Kotz
Biopsy of Bone and Soft Tissue Sarcomas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3995
Asif Saifuddin and Andrew W. Clarke
xxvi Contents
Tumour-Like Lesions of Bone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4017
Miklos Szendroi and George Szoke
Giant-Cell Tumour of Bone (GCT) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4037
Miklos Szendroi
Surgery for Soft Tissue Sarcomas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4055
Rodolfo Capanna and F. Frenos
Cartilage Tumours of Bone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4079
Antonie H. M. Taminiau, Judith V. M. G. Bovee, Carla S. P. van
Rijswijk, Hans A. J. Gelderblom, and Michiel A. J. van de Sande
Comprehensive Management of Bone Tumours . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4105
Stephen Cannon
Fixation of Endoprostheses in Tumour Replacement . . . . . . . . 4119
Gordon Blunn and Melanie Coathup
Van Nes-Borggreve Rotationplasty of the Knee . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4135
Michiel A. J. van de Sande, A. J. H. Vochteloo,
P. D. S. Dijkstra, and Antonie H. M. Taminiau
Excision and Reconstruction in the Upper Limb . . . . . . . . . . . . 4149
Tymoteusz Budny, J. Hardes, and Georg Gosheger
Excision and Reconstruction Around the Pelvis and Hip
Rotationplasty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4171
W. Winkelmann
Disarticulation of the Hip and Hemipelvectomy . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4197
Johnny Keller
Excision and Reconstruction of Upper Femur and Hip . . . . . . . 4211
Timothy W. R. Briggs and Jonathan Miles
Excision and Reconstruction Around the Knee . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4223
Robert J. Grimer
Diaphyseal Reconstruction for Bone Tumours . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4241
Stephen Cannon
Limb Salvage in Children . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4251
Mikel San-Julian, B. L. Vazquez-Garcıa, and L. Sierrasesumaga
Bone Metastases of Long Bones and Pelvis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4281
Johnny Keller
Management of Bone Metastases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4295
Roger M. Tillman and Czar Louie Gaston
Management of Spinal Metastases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4309
Enric Caceres Palou
Contents xxvii
Part X Paediatric Orthopaedics and Traumatology . . . . . . . 4325
Congenital Pseudarthrosis of the Tibia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4327
Christopher Bradish
Leg-Length Discrepancy in Children . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4345
Christopher Bradish
Tibial Varus Deformity and Blount’s Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4371
Peter Calder
Hip Dysplasia-Management in the First Year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4385
Nicola Portinaro, Artemisia Panou, and Sara Camurri
Hip Dysplasia-Management to Adolescence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4405
Aresh Hashemi-Nejad and Francois Tudor
Developmental Coxa Vara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4419
Andreas Roposch
Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis (SCFE) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4425
Christoph Zilkens, B. Bittersohl, Young-Jo Kim,
Michael B. Millis, and R€udiger Krauspe
Legg-Calve-Perthes’ Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4443
Colin Bruce and Daniel Perry
Septic Arthritis in Infancy and Childhood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4469
Manuel Cassiano Neves, J. L. Campagnolo, M. J. Brito, and
C. F. Gouveia
Management of Clubfoot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4483
Ernesto Ippolito, Pasquale Farsetti, and Matteo Benedetti
Valentini
Disorders of the Foot in Children . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4511
Philippe Wicart and Raphael Seringe
The Foot in Children and Adolescents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4553
Sally Tennant
Orthopaedic Management of Cerebral Palsy and
Myelomeningocoele - Lower Limb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4575
Martin Gough
Orthopaedic Management of CP/Myelomeningocele -
Upper Limb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4609
Eva Ponten
Orthopaedic Management of Arthrogryposis
Multiplex Congenita . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4627
Andrew J. Graydon and Deborah M. Eastwood
Brachial Plexus Injuries in Children . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4645
Marco Sinisi
xxviii Contents
Epiphyseal Growth-Plate Injuries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4653
Surjit Lidder and Manoj Ramachandran
Flexible Intramedullary Nailing (FIN) in Diaphyseal
Fractures in Children . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4669
Pierre Lascombes
Shoulder Injuries in Children . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4691
Adam Pandit and Deborah Higgs
Elbow Injuries in Children . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4703
Prakash Jayakumar and Manoj Ramachandran
Fractures of the Forearm in Children . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4749
Matthew Barry
Paediatric Hand Trauma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4767
Grainne Bourke
Paediatric Hip and Pelvic Trauma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4789
Russell Hawkins, Hesham Al-Khateeb, and Aresh Hashemi-Nejad
Paediatric Fractures of the Femur, Knee, Tibia
and Fibula . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4807
Nick Nicolaou
Fractures of the Foot and Ankle in Children . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4831
Sally Tennant
Paediatric Sports Injuries - Principles of Management . . . . . . . 4853
Panteleimon Chan and Manoj Ramachandran
Knee Stiffness in Children . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4871
John A. Fixsen
Tendon Transfers for Paralysis Affecting the Knee
in Children . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4879
John A. Fixsen
Management of Osteomyelitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4885
Sammy A. Hanna and Jonathan Miles
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4897
Contents xxix
Contributors
Ali Abbasian Guys and St Thomas’ Hospital, London, UK
Antonio Abramo Hand and Upper Extremity Unit, Department of
Orthopedics, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
Lars Adolfsson Department of Orthopaedics, Linkoping University Hospital,
Linkoping, Sweden
Max Aebi MEM Research Center, University of Bern and Orthopaedic
Department, Hirslanden-Salem Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
Faik K. Afifi Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology,
Kantonsspital Baselland, Bruderholz, Switzerland
Per-Henrik Agren Stockholms Fotkirurgklinik, Sophiahemmet, Stockholm,
Sweden
Ahmet Alanay Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Compre-
hensive Spine Center, Acibadem Maslak Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
Firas Al-Dabouby Orthopedic Division, Hashemite University, Prince
Hamza Teaching Hospital, Amman, Jordan
Hesham Al-Khateeb Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, NHS, Stanmore,
Middlesex, UK
Robin Allum Heatherwood and Wexham Park Hospitals NHS Trust,
Berkshire, UK
Karl Fredrik Almqvist Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and
Traumatology, Ghent State University, Ghent, Belgium
Giulio Altadonna Clinic of Orthopaedic and Sports Traumatology, Biome-
chanics Laboratory, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna University,
Bologna, Italy
Amit Amin St George’s Hospital, Tooting, London, UK
R. Amirfeyz Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, UK
John C. Angel Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, London, UK
Samuel A. Antuna Shoulder and Elbow Unit, La Paz University Hospital,
Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
xxxi
Imran Anwar Kadoorie Centre for Critical Care Research and Education,
Trauma Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
Alessandro Aprato Orthopaedic Department, University of Turin, Turin,
Italy
Pooler Archbold Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
Jean-Noel Argenson Institute for Motion and Locomotion, Center for
Osteoarthritis Surgery, Universite de la Mediterranee, Assistance Publique
des Hopitaux de Marseille, CHU Sainte Marguerite, Marseille, France
Dan Armstrong Pulvertaft Hand Centre, Derby, UK
Mathieu Assal Clinique La Colline, Geneva, Switzerland
J. M. Aubaniac Institute for Motion and Locomotion, Center for Osteoar-
thritis Surgery, Universite de la Mediterranee, Assistance Publique des
Hopitaux de Marseille, CHU Sainte Marguerite, Marseille, France
David Backstein Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto,
ON, Canada
Thanos Badekas Foot and Ankle Clinic Metropolitan Hospital, Athens,
Greece
Eleni Balabanidou University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
Jose Ballesteros Orthopedic Department, Hospital Clınico Barcelona,
Barcelona, Spain
Stefano Bandiera Department of Oncologic and Degenerative Spine
Surgery, Istituto Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
Olivier Barbier Service d’Orthopedie et de Traumatologie, Cliniques
Universitaires St-Luc, Universite Catholique de Louvain, Bruxelles, Belgium
Raul Barco Shoulder and Elbow Unit, La Paz University Hospital,
Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
R. Barker Princess Elizabeth Orthopaedic Unit, Royal Devon and Exeter
Hospital, Devon, UK
A. Barnard Pulvertaft Hand Centre, Derby, UK
Louis Samuel Barouk Yvrac, France
Pierre Barouk Clinique du Sport, Merginac, France
Matthew Barry The Royal London Hospital, Whitechapel, London, UK
Philippe Beaufils Orthopaedic Department, Centre Hospitalier de
Versailles, Le Chesnay, France
M. G. Benedetti Movement Analysis Laboratory, Istituto Ortopedico
Rizzoli, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
xxxii Contributors
George Bentley University College London, London, UK
Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, Middlesex, UK
A. Benzi Sports Traumatolgy Department, Rizzoli Othopaedic Institute,
University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
Arne Berner Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
Peter Bernstein Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospital
Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Dresden, Germany
Agnes Berta Department of Orthopaedics, Uzsoki Hospital, Budapest,
Hungary
Jean-Luc Besse Universite Lyon 1, IFSTTAR, LBMC UMR–T 9406 –
Laboratoire de Biomecanique et Mecanique des Chocs, Bron, France
Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre Hospitalier Lyon–Sud, Service de Chirurgie
Orthopedique et Traumatologique, Pierre–Benite, France
Jagmeet S. Bhamra The London Sarcoma Service, Royal National
Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, Middlesex, UK
Giuseppe Bianchi Istituti Ortopedici Rizzoli, 5th Division, Bologna, Italy
Elcil Kaya Bicer Centre Albert Trillat, Groupe Hospitalier Nord, Hospices
Civils de Lyon, Lyon-Caluire, France
Caroline Bijnen-Girardot Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
Roberto Binazzi Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Villa Erbosa Hospital,
University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
Rolfe Birch War Nerve Injury Clinic at Defence Medical Rehabilitation
Centre, Epsom, Surrey, UK
Martin Bircher Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, St. George’s
Hospital, London, UK
Alessandro Bistolfi Department of Orthopaedics, Traumatology and Reha-
bilitation, CTO/M Adelaide Hospital, Turin, Italy
B. Bittersohl Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University Hospital of
D€usseldorf, D€usseldorf, Germany
B. Blondel Orthopedic Pediatric Department, Timone Children Hospital,
Marseille, France
Hospital for Joint Diseases, New York University, New York, NY, USA
Gordon Blunn John Scales Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Institute of
Orthopaedics and Musculo-Skeletal Science, University College London,
Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, Middlesex, UK
Matteo Bo Expert Consultant in Industrial Installations, Prodim srl, Turin,
Italy
Contributors xxxiii
Nikolaus Bohler Orthop€adische Abteilung, Allgemeines Krankhaus Linz,
Linz, Austria
Philippe Boisrenoult Orthopaedic Department, Versailles Hospital,
Le Chesnay, France
Jens G. Boldt Siloah Hospital Guemligen, Orthopaedic Centre, Muri/Bern,
Switzerland
Gerard Bollini Orthopedic Pediatric Department, Timone Children
Hospital, Marseille, France
T. Bonanzinga Sports Traumatolgy Department, Rizzoli Othopaedic Insti-
tute, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
Stefano Boriani Department of Oncologic and Degenerative Spine Surgery,
Istituto Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
Grainne Bourke Leeds Teaching Hospitals Trust, Leeds, UK
Judith V. M. G. Bovee Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden,
The Netherlands
ElenaMaria Brach del Prever Department of Orthopaedics, Traumatology
and Rehabilitation, University of the Studies of Turin, Turin, Italy
Christopher Bradish Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
Timothy W. R. Briggs The London Sarcoma Service, Royal National
Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, Middlesex, UK
M. J. Brito Infectious Disease Department, Hospital Dona Estefania,
Lisbon, Portugal
Matthew T. Brown The London Sarcoma Service, Royal National
Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, Middlesex, UK
Colin Bruce Department Children’s Orthopaedic Surgery, Alder Hey
Children’s Hospital, Liverpool, UK
D. Bruni Sports Traumatolgy Department, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute,
University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
Tymoteusz Budny Zentrum f€ur Orthop€adie, Klinik f€ur Allgemeine
Orthop€adie, M€unster, Germany
P. Buma Department of Orthopedics, Radboud University Nijmegen
Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
Tim Bunker Princess Elizabeth Orthopaedic Centre, Exeter, UK
Frank Burke The Pulvertaft Hand Centre, Derbyshire Royal Hospital,
Derby, UK
Klaus Burkhart Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Univer-
sity of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
xxxiv Contributors
Dan Butler Kadoorie Centre for Critical Care Research and Education,
Trauma Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
Enric Caceres Palou Department Hospital Vall d’Hebron, Autonomous
University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
M. Cadossi Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Istituto
Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
Peter Calder The Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore,
Middlesex, UK
J. L. Campagnolo Orthopaedic Department, Hospital Dona Estefania,
Lisbon, Portugal
Doug Campbell Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, UK
Sara Camurri Orthopaedic and Trauma Department, Orthopaedic
Pediatrics and Neuro-Orthopedic Unit, Humanitas Research Hospital,
Rozzano Milano, Italy
Federico Canavese Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital
Estaing, Clermont Ferrand, France
Stephen Cannon Clementine Churchill Hospital, Harrow, Middlesex, UK
Sarcoma Unit, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore,
Middlesex, UK
Rodolfo Capanna Centro Traumatologico Ortopedico (CTO), Policlinico di
Careggi, Firenze, Italy
Antonio Cartucho Orthopaedic Department, Hospital Cuf Descobertas,
Lisbon, Portugal
Manuel Cassiano Neves Orthopaedic Department, Hospital Cuf
Descobertas, Parque das Nacoes, Lisboa, Portugal
Pierre-Paul Casteleyn Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology,
University Hospital, Brussels, Belgium
Fabio Catani Movement Analysis Laboratory, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli,
University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
Dimitri Ceroni Department of Paediatric Orthopaedics, Children’s Hospital
and University Hospital Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
Panteleimon Chan Barts and The London NHS Trust and The London
Children’s Hospital, Whitechapel, London, UK
Bertrand Cherrier Saint Antoine Hospital, Pierre et Marie Curie Univer-
sity, Paris, France
E. Choufani Orthopedic Pediatric Department, Timone Children Hospital,
Marseille, France
Contributors xxxv
Gregoire Ciais Service de Chirurgie Orthopedique, Hopital Universitaire de
Bicetre, Le Kremlin-Bicetre, France
Andrew W. Clarke Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Trust,
Stanmore, Middlesex, UK
Philippe Clavert Centre de Chirurgie Orthopedique et de la Main, Illkirch-
Graffenstaden, France
Marina Clement-Rigolet Service de Chirurgie Orthopedique, Hopital
Universitaire de Bicetre, Le Kremlin-Bicetre, France
David Cloke Department of Orthopaedics, Freeman Hospital, High Heaton,
Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
Melanie Coathup John Scales Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Institute
of Orthopaedics and Musculo-Skeletal Science, University College London,
Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, Middlesex, UK
Simone Colangeli Department of Oncologic and Degenerative Spine
Surgery, Istituto Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
Paul H. Cooke Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Headington, Oxford, UK
Stephen A. Copeland The Reading Shoulder Surgery Unit, Capio Reading
Hospital, Reading, UK
Tony Corner West Hertfordshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Watford and
St. Albans Hospitals, Watford, UK
Olivier Cornu Service d’Orthopedie et de Traumatologie, Cliniques
Universitaires St-Luc, Universite Catholique de Louvain, Bruxelles, Belgium
Tim A. Coughlin Pulvertaft Hand Centre, Royal Derby Hospital,
Derby, UK
Charles Court Spine Unit, Orthopaedic Department, Bicetre University
Hospital, AP-HP Paris, Universite Paris-Sud ORSAY, Le Kremlin Bicetre,
France
Timothy Cresswell Pulvertaft Hand Centre, Royal Derby Hospital,
Derby, UK
U. Culemann Celle General Hospital, Celle, Germany
Nicholas Cullen The Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore,
Middlesex, UK
C. Cuocolo Department of Orthopaedics, Traumatology and Occupational
Medicine, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
Zoe H. Dailiana Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine,
School of Health Sciences, University of Thessalia, Biopolis, Larissa, Greece
Jens Dargel Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, University of
Cologne, Cologne, Germany
xxxvi Contributors
Lieven De Wilde Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology,
Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
Ralf Decking Department of Orthopaedics, St. Remigius Krankenhaus
Opladen, Germany
Paul-Andre Deleu Foot and Ankle Institute, Parc Leopold Clinic, Brussels,
Belgium
Christian Delloye Service d’Orthopedie et de Traumatologie, Cliniques
Universitaires St-Luc, Universite Catholique de Louvain, Bruxelles, Belgium
J. Demakakos Hospital for Joint Diseases, New York University,
New York, NY, USA
Guillaume Demey Centre Albert Trillat Hopital de le Croix-Rousse, Lyon,
France
Lyon Ortho Clinic – Clinique de la Sauvegarde, Lyon, France
K. Deogaonkar Northern Ireland Higher Surgical Training Programme for
Trauma and Orthopaedics, Musgrave Park Hospital, Belfast, UK
Bernhard Devos Bevernage Foot and Ankle Institute, Parc Leopold Clinic,
Brussels, Belgium
Berardo Di Matteo Clinic of Orthopaedic and Sports Traumatology,
Biomechanics Laboratory, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna Univer-
sity, Bologna, Italy
Joseph J. Dias University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester
General Hospital, Leicester, UK
P. D. S. Dijkstra Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden,
The Netherlands
Rozalia Dimitriou Academic Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics,
School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
Davide Donati Istituti Ortopedici Rizzoli, 5th Division, Bologna, Italy
Simon Donell Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norfolk, UK
George Dowd Royal Free Hospital/Wellington Hospital, London, UK
Cameron Downs Princess Alexandra Hospital, Queensland University of
Technology, Brisbane, Australia
Thomas Dreher Paediatric Orthopaedics and Foot Surgery, Department for
Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Heidelberg University Clinics, Heidel-
berg, Germany
Tomas K. Drobny Reconstructive Knee Surgery, Schulthess Klinik, Z€urich,
Switzerland
Denis Dufrane Banque de tissus de l’Appareil locomoteur, Cliniques
Universitaires St-Luc, Universite Catholique de Louvain, Bruxelles, Belgium
Contributors xxxvii
Christian Dumontier Hopital Saint Antoine, Paris, France
Deborah M. Eastwood Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore,
Middlesex, UK
David Elliot Hand Surgery Department, St Andrew’s Centre for Plastic
Surgery, Broomfield Hospital, Chelmsford, Essex, UK
Roger J. H. Emery St. Mary’s Hospital, Imperial College NHS Trust,
London, UK
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Imperial College, London, UK
European Hospital Georges Pompidou, APHP, University Paris Descartes,
Paris, France
Joao Espregueira-Mendes Clınica SaudeAtlantica –Porto,MinhoUniversity,
Braga, Portugal
Richard Eyb Orthop€adische Abteilung, Sozialmedizinisches Zentrum Ost
Donauspital, Wien, Austria
Denise Eygendaal Department of Orthopaedics, Upper Limb Unit, Amphia
Hospital, Breda, The Netherlands
J. Fabry Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University
Hospital, Brussels, Belgium
Mark Farndon Harrogate District Hospital, Harrogate, North Yorkshire,
UK
Pasquale Farsetti Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Rome
“Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
Camdon Fary Western Health, Footscray, VIC, Australia
Antonio A. Faundez Department of Surgery, Service de Chirurgie
Orthopedique et Traumatologie de l’Appareil Moteur, University of Geneva
Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
Jean-Marc Feron Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery Department, Saint
Antoine Hospital, Pierre et Marie Curie University, Paris, France
Michel-Henri Fessy Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Chirurgie Orthopedique
et Traumatologique, Pierre Benite, France
Giuseppe Filardo Clinic of Orthopaedic and Sports Traumatology, Biome-
chanics Laboratory, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna University,
Bologna, Italy
John Fisher Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering, School of
Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
John A. Fixsen Hospital for Sick Children, London, UK
xxxviii Contributors
Xavier Flecher Institute for Motion and Locomotion, Center for Osteoar-
thritis Surgery, Universite de la Mediterranee, Assistance Publique des
Hopitaux de Marseille, CHU Sainte Marguerite, Marseille, France
P. A. Fleming The John Charnley Research Institute, Wrightington Hospital,
Wigan, Lancashire, UK
Jonas Franke Nottingham Shoulder and Elbow Unit, Nottingham Univer-
sity Hospitals, Nottingham, UK
F. Frenos Centro Traumatologico Ortopedico (CTO), Policlinico di
Careggi, Firenze, Italy
Niklaus F. Friederich Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and
Traumatology, Kantonsspital Baselland, Bruderholz, Switzerland
Daniel Fritschy Hopital de La Tour, Meyrin, Switzerland
Olivier Gagey Orthopaedic Department, Paris-South University, Paris,
France
Paolo Gallinaro Department of Orthopaedics, Traumatology and Rehabil-
itation, University of the Studies of Turin, Turin, Italy
Reinhold Ganz Faculty of Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
Shawn Garbedian Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto,
ON, Canada
J. W. M. Gardeniers Department of Orthopedics, Radboud University
Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
Christos Garnavos Glyfada, Athens, Greece
Alessandro Gasbarrini Department of Oncologic and Degenerative Spine
Surgery, Istituto Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
Czar Louie Gaston Oncology Unit, Royal Orthopaedic Hospital NHS
Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
Thomas Gausepohl Klinik f€ur Unfallchirurgie, Hand- und Wiederherstel-
lungschirurgie, Klinikum Vest GmbH, Marl, Germany
Nicholas Geary Wirral University NHS Trust, Upton, Wirral, UK
Thorsten Gehrke Orthopaedic Surgery, ENDO-Klinik Hamburg, Hamburg,
Germany
Pablo E. Gelber Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autonoma
de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
Hans A. J. Gelderblom Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The
Netherlands
A. Ghassemi University College Hospital, London, UK
Contributors xxxix
Antoine de Gheldere The Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals - NHS Founda-
tion Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
Riccardo Ghermandi Department of Oncologic and Degenerative Spine
Surgery, Istituto Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
Roberto Giacometti Ceroni Hip Department, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico
Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
Sandro Giannini Movement Analysis Laboratory, Istituto Ortopedico
Rizzoli, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli,
Bologna, Italy
Peter V. Giannoudis Academic Department of Trauma and Orthopae-
dics, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
Henk Giele Oxford Radcliffe Hospitals, Oxford, UK
Panagiotis D. Gikas The London Sarcoma Service, Royal National Ortho-
paedic Hospital, Stanmore, Middlesex, UK
West Hertfordshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Watford and St. Albans Hospitals,
Watford, UK
Paul Gillespie Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, St. George’s
Hospital, London, UK
Philippe Gillet Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Liege, Belgium
Andy J. Goldberg UCL Institute of Orthopaedics & Musculoskeletal
Science, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Trust, Stanmore,
Middlesex, UK
Hans Gollwitzer ATOS Klinik M€unchen, and Klinik f€ur Orthop€adie und
Sportorthop€adie am Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universit€at
M€unchen, M€unchen, Germany
Vincent Gombault Foot and Ankle Institute, Parc Leopold Clinic, Brussels,
Belgium
David Gordon Luton and Dunstable University Hospital, Luton, UK
Taco Gosens St. Elisabeth Hospital Tilburg, Tilburg, The Netherlands
Georg Gosheger Zentrum f€ur Orthop€adie, Klinik f€ur Allgemeine
Orthop€adie, M€unster, Germany
Martin Gough Evelina Children’s Hospital/One Small Step Gait Labora-
tory, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
Nikolaos Gougoulias Frimley Park Hospital, Frimley, Frimley, UK
C. F. Gouveia Infectious Disease Department, Hospital Dona Estefania,
Lisbon, Portugal
xl Contributors
G. Grabmeier Orthop€adische Abteilung, Sozialmedizinisches Zentrum Ost
Donauspital, Wien, Austria
Reiner Gradinger Klinik f€ur Orthop€adie und Sportorthop€adie am Klinikum
rechts der Isar, Technische Universit€at M€unchen, M€unchen, Germany
A. Grassi Sports Traumatolgy Department, Rizzoli Othopaedic Institute,
University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
Andrew J. Graydon Starship Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
Thomas M. Gregory St. Mary’s Hospital, Imperial College NHS Trust,
London, UK
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Imperial College, London, UK
European Hospital Georges Pompidou, APHP, University Paris Descartes,
Paris, France
Franz Grill Pediatric Orthopaedic Department, Orthopaedic Hospital,
Speising, Vienna, Austria
Robert J. Grimer Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, Birmingham, UK
Allan E. Gross Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
C. Guardia Orthopedic Pediatric Department, Timone Children Hospital,
Marseille, France
Jose Guimaraes Consciencia Orthopaedic Department, FCM-Lisbon New
University, Lisbon, Portugal
Klaus-Peter G€unther Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University
Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Medical Faculty of the Technical
University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
Norbert P. Haas Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charite –
Universit€atsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
Peter Habermeyer Section for Shoulder and Elbow Surgery, ATOS Clinic,
Munich, Germany
Fares Sami Haddad University College London Hospitals, NHS Trust,
London, UK
Moussah Hamadouche Department of Orthopaedic and Reconstructive
Surgery, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Cochin-Port Royal, Paris, France
Paul Hamilton Cambridge University Hospitals, NHS Foundation Trust,
Cambridge, UK
Laszlo Hangody Department of Orthopaedics, Uzsoki Hospital, Budapest,
Hungary
Sammy A. Hanna Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore,
Middlesex, UK
Contributors xli
Aristote Hans-Moevi Centre de Chirurgie Orthopedique et de la Main,
Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
J. Hardes Zentrum f€ur Orthop€adie, Klinik f€ur Allgemeine Orthop€adie,M€unster, Germany
Albrecht Hartmann Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University
Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Medical Faculty of the Technical
University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
Aresh Hashemi-Nejad Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore,
Middlesex, UK
Russell Hawkins Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, NHS, Stanmore,
Middlesex, UK
Tim Hems The Hand Clinic, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The
Victoria Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
Simon A. Henderson Musgrave Park Hospital, Belfast, UK
Carlos Heras-Palou Pulvertaft Hand Centre, Derby, UK
Deborah Higgs Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore,
Middlesex, UK
Michael T. Hirschmann Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and
Traumatology, Kantonsspital Baselland, Bruderholz, Switzerland
Pierre Hoffmeyer University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
Joerg H. Holstein Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive
Surgery, University of Saarland, Homburg/Saar, Germany
Samantha Hook Princess Elizabeth Orthopaedic Centre, Exeter, Devon,
UK
Monika Horisberger Orthopaedic Department, University Hospital Basel,
Basel, Switzerland
Tracy Horton Pulvertaft Hand Centre, Royal Derby Hospital, Derby, UK
Jonathan R. Howell Princess Elizabeth Orthopaedic Unit, Royal Devon and
Exeter Hospital, Devon, UK
Ernesto Ippolito Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Rome
“Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
Kaywan Izadpanah Department for Orthopedic Surgery and
Traumatology, Freiburg University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany
Matthias Jacobi Orthopaedic Department, Hopital Cantonal Fribourg,
Fribourg, Switzerland
Roland P. Jakob Orthopaedic Department, Hopital Cantonal Fribourg,
Fribourg, Switzerland
xlii Contributors
Prakash Jayakumar Barts Health NHS Trust, Whitechapel, London, UK
Zhongmin Jin State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing System Engineering,
Xian Jiaotong University, Xian, China
Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering, School of Mechanical
Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
Elizabeth O. Johnson School of Medicine, University of Athens, Athens,
Greece
R. Jose University Hospitals Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
Jean-Luc Jouve Orthopedic Pediatric Department, Timone Children
Hospital, Marseille, France
Andre Kaelin Clinique des Grangettes, Chene-Bougeries, Switzerland
Nikolaos K. Kanakaris Academic Department of Trauma and Orthopae-
dics, School of Medicine, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, West Yorkshire,
UK
John F. Keating Department of Orthopaedic Trauma, Royal Infirmary,
Little France, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
Johnny Keller Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospital of
Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
Jean-Francois Kempf Centre de Chirurgie Orthopedique et de la Main,
Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
Luc Kerboull Marcel Kerboull Institute, Paris, France
Marcel Kerboull Marcel Kerboull Institute, Paris, France
L. A. Kashif Khan The Edinburgh Shoulder Clinic, Royal Infirmary of
Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
Young-Jo Kim Harvard Medical School, Adolescent and Young Adult Hip
Unit, Children’s Hospital Boston, Boston, MA, USA
Jorn Kircher Shoulder and Elbow Surgery, Klinik Fleetinsel Hamburg,
Hamburg, Germany
Department of Orthopaedics, Medical Faculty, Heinrich–Heine–University,
D€usseldorf, Germany
Stephan Kirschner Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospi-
tal Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Medical Faculty of the Technical University
Dresden, Dresden, Germany
Per Kjærsgaard-Andersen Section for Hip and Knee Replacement,
Department of Orthopaedics, Vejle Hospital, University of South Denmark,
Vejle, Denmark
Christian Kleber Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charite –
Universit€atsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
Contributors xliii
Zdenek Klezl Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Spinal Unit, Royal
Derby Hospital, Derby, UK
Peter Kloen Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Academic Medical
Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Karl Knahr Surgical Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Vienna, Austria
Izaak F. Kodde Department of Orthopaedics, Upper Limb Unit, Amphia
Hospital, Breda, The Netherlands
D. Koehler University of Saarland, Homburg/Saar, Germany
Zinon T. Kokkalis School of Medicine, University of Athens, Haidari,
Athens, Greece
Elizaveta Kon Clinic of Orthopaedic and Sports Traumatology, Biome-
chanics Laboratory, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna University,
Bologna, Italy
Sujith Konan Orthopaedic Trainee NE(UCH) Thames Rotation, London,
UK
George Kontakis Academic Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics,
School of Medicine, University of Crete, Crete, Greece
Philippe Kopylov Hand and Upper Extremity Unit, Department of Ortho-
pedics, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
Thomas Christian Koslowsky Department of Surgery, St. Elisabeth
Hospital, Cologne, Germany
Rainer I. Kotz Department of Orthopaedics, Medical University Vienna,
Vienna, Austria
R€udiger Krauspe Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University Hospital
of D€usseldorf, D€usseldorf, Germany
Martin Krismer Department of Orthopaedics, Innsbruck Medical Univer-
sity, Innsbruck, Austria
Raul A. Kuchinad Health Sciences Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary,
AB, Canada
Timo Laine ORTON Orthopaedic Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
Patrick Laing Department of Orthopaedics, Wrexham Maelor Hospital,
Wrexham, North Wales, UK
Simon M. Lambert The Shoulder and Elbow Service, Royal National
Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, Middlesex, UK
Mikko Larsen Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery,
Launceston General Hospital, Launceston, TAS, Australia
Pierre Lascombes Pediatric Orthopedics, University of Geneva – HUG,
Geneva, Switzerland
xliv Contributors
Thibaut Leemrijse Foot and Ankle Institute, Parc Leopold Clinic, Brussels,
Belgium
R. Legre Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Department, Conception
Hospital, Marseille, France
Michael Leunig Department of Orthopedics, Schulthess Clinic, Z€urich,Switzerland
Surjit Lidder Barts and The London NHS Trust and The London Children’s
Hospital, Whitechapel, London, UK
David Limb Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds, UK
Tommy Lindau Pulvertaft Hand Centre, Derby, UK
University of Derby, Derby, UK
University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
European Wrist Arthroscopy Society (EWAS)
Alberto Lluch Institut Kaplan, Barcelona, Spain
Manuel Llusa Orthopedic Department, Valle Hebron Hospital, University
of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
Claus Locherbach University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
P. M. Longis Faculte de Medecine, Nantes, France
Jan W. Louwerens Sint Maartenskliniek, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
David Loveday Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, UK
D. Luciani Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Istituto
Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
Teija Lund ORTON Orthopaedic Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
Sebastien Lustig Centre Albert Trillat, Groupe Hospitalier Nord, Hospices
Civils de Lyon, Lyon-Caluire, France
Konrad Mader Section Trauma Surgery, Hand and Upper Extremity
Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Førde
Sentralsjukehus, Førde, Norway
Robert A. Magnussen Department of Orthopaedics, Sports Health and
Performance Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
Pierre Maldague Foot and Ankle Institute, Parc Leopold Clinic, Brussels,
Belgium
Maurilio Marcacci Clinic of Orthopaedic and Sports Traumatology, Bio-
mechanics Laboratory, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna University,
Bologna, Italy
G. M. Marcheggiani Muccioli Sports Traumatolgy Department, Rizzoli
Othopaedic Institute, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
Contributors xlv
Robert W. Marshall Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Royal Berkshire
Hospital, Reading, UK
Carlo Marco Masoero Department of Energetics, Polytechnic School of
Engineering of Turin, Turin, Italy
Alessandro Masse Department of Orthopaedics, Traumatology and
Occupational Medicine, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
Thomas Mattes Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Klinik am
Eichert, Goppingen, Germany
Georg Matziolis Department of Orthopaedics, Center for Musculoskeletal
Surgery, Charite-Universit€atsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
H. Michael Mayer Spine Centre Munich, Schon Klinik M€unchenHarlaching, M€unchen, Germany
Mario Mercuri Istituti Ortopedici Rizzoli, 5th Division, Bologna, Italy
Jonathan Miles Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore,
Middlesex, UK
Michael B. Millis Harvard Medical School, Adolescent and Young Adult
Hip Unit, Children’s Hospital Boston, Boston, MA, USA
Ash Moaveni Pulvertaft Hand Centre, Derby, UK
Joan C. Monllau Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat
Autonoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
Alberto Monteiro Clınica Espregueira-Mendes F.C. Porto Stadium – FIFA
Medical Centre of Excellence, Porto, Portugal
J. R. Morley Princess Elizabeth Orthopaedic Unit, Royal Devon and Exeter
Hospital, Devon, UK
Ante Mrkonjic Hand and Upper Extremity Unit, Department of Orthope-
dics, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
Lars P.M€uller Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, University
of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
Michael M€uller Department of Orthopaedics and Department of Accident
and Reconstructive Surgery, Centre for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charite –
University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
Urs K. Munzinger Orthop€adie am Z€urichberg, Zurich, Switzerland
Iain R.Murray Department of Trauma andOrthopaedics, The University of
Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
Danyal H. Nawabi Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK
Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, Middlesex, UK
xlvi Contributors
Lars Neumann Nottingham Shoulder and Elbow Unit, Nottingham Univer-
sity Hospitals, Nottingham, UK
John Newman Litfield House Medical Centre, Bristol, UK
Philippe Neyret Centre Albert Trillat, Groupe Hospitalier Nord, Hospices
Civils de Lyon, Lyon-Caluire, France
Nick Nicolaou Maidstone & Tunbridge Wells NHS Trust, Maidstone, UK
Iris M. Noebauer-Huhmann Department of Biomedical Imaging and
Image-guided Therapy, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
Michael Nogler Department of Orthopaedics, Innsbruck Medical University,
Innsbruck, Austria
Mary O’Brien Pulvertaft Hand Centre, Derby, UK
Antonio Odasso Health Medicine, Turin, Italy
Paul O’Donnell Department of Radiology, Royal National Orthopaedic
Hospital, Middlesex, Stanmore, UK
G. A. Odri Faculte de Medecine, Nantes, France
Acke Ohlin Lund University, Sweden, Malmo, Sweden
Deniz Olgun Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Hacettepe
University, Ankara, Turkey
A. Olivier The London Sarcoma Service, Royal National Orthopaedic
Hospital, Middlesex, Stanmore, UK
Heikki Osterman ORTON Orthopaedic Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
AlistairM. Pace York Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, York, UK
Chris Paliobeis The Wellington Hospital, London, UK
J. Palmer The London Sarcoma Service, Royal National Orthopaedic
Hospital, Stanmore, Middlesex, UK
Adam Pandit The Shoulder and Elbow Service, Royal National Orthopae-
dic, Stanmore, Middlesex, UK
Joannis Panotopoulos Department of Orthopaedics, Medical University
Vienna, Vienna, Austria
Artemisia Panou Orthopaedic and Trauma Department, Orthopaedic Pedi-
atrics and Neuro-Orthopedic Unit, Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano
Milano, Italy
Costas Papakostidis Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery,
Hatzikosta General Hospital, Ioannina, Greece
Derek H. Park Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore,
Middlesex, UK
Contributors xlvii
Lee Parker Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, Middlesex,
UK
S. Parratte Institute for Motion and Locomotion, Center for Osteoarthritis
Surgery, Universite de la Mediterranee, Assistance Publique des Hopitaux de
Marseille, CHU Sainte Marguerite, Marseille, France
Steve Parsons Royal Cornwall Hospitals, Cornwall, UK
Norbert Passuti Faculte de Medecine, Nantes, France
Dietmar Pennig Klinik f€ur Unfallchirurgie/Orthop€adie, Hand- und
Wiederherstellungschirurgie, St. Vinzenz- Hospital Koln, Koln, Germany
Helder Pereira Centro Hospitalar Povoa de Varzim-Vila do Conde, Clınica
Espregueira-Mendes F.C. Porto Stadium – FIFA Medical Centre of Excel-
lence, Porto, Portugal
Carsten Perka Department of Orthopaedics and Department of Accident
and Reconstructive Surgery, Centre for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charite –
University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
Daniel Perry School of Population, Community and Behavioural Sciences,
University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
Department Children’s Orthopaedic Surgery, Alder Hey Children’s Hospital,
Liverpool, UK
Rui Pinto Orthopaedic Department, S. JoAo Hospital, Porto, Portugal
Spiros G. Pneumaticos 3rd Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of
Medicine, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
Tim Pohlemann University of Saarland, Homburg/Saar, Germany
Eva Ponten Department of Pediatric Orthopaedic Surgery, Astrid Lindgren
Children’s Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
Lorenzo Ponziani Orthopedic Unit at the Ceccarini Hospital, Riccione,
Italy
Nicola Portinaro Orthopaedic and Trauma Department, Orthopaedic Pedi-
atrics and Neuro-Orthopedic Unit, Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano
Milano, Italy
Franco Postacchini Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University
“Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
Roberto Postacchini Department Orthopaedic Surgery Israelitic Hospital,
IUSM, Rome, Italy
Delio Pramhas Surgical Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Vienna, Austria
Bernd Preininger Department of Orthopaedics, Center for Musculoskeletal
Surgery, Charite-Universit€atsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
xlviii Contributors
Nicolas Pujol Orthopaedic Department, Versailles Hospital, Le Chesnay,
France
N. Pujol-Cervini Orthopaedic Department, Centre Hospitalier de Ver-
sailles, Le Chesnay, France
Frank T. G. Rahusen Department of Orthopaedics, St. Jans Gasthuis,
Weert, The Netherlands
Trichy S. Rajagopal Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Royal Berkshire
Hospital, Reading, UK
Manoj Ramachandran Barts and The London NHS Trust and The London
Children’s Hospital, Whitechapel, London, UK
Stefan Rammelt Clinic for Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University
Hospital Carl-Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
Neta Raz Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Royal Berkshire Hospital,
Reading, UK
Bnai Zion Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
Jai G. Relwani East Kent University Hospital, Ashford, Kent, UK
Nikolaos Rigopoulos Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Med-
icine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessalia, Biopolis, Larissa,
Greece
W. H. C. Rijnen Department of Orthopedics, Radboud University
Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
Carla S. P. van Rijswijk Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The
Netherlands
Peter Ritschl Orthopaedic Clinic Gersthof, Vienna, Austria
Marco J. P. F. Ritt Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand
Surgery, VU Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
AndrewH. N. Robinson Cambridge University Hospitals, NHS Foundation
Trust, Cambridge, UK
C. Michael Robinson The Edinburgh Shoulder Clinic, Royal Infirmary of
Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
Thierry Rod Fleury Division of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery,
University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
Benedict A. Rogers Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto,
ON, Canada
Andreas Roposch Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Institute of
Child Health, University College London, London, UK
Oleg Safir Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON,
Canada
Contributors xlix
Asif Saifuddin Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Trust, Stanmore,
Middlesex, UK
Anthony Sakellariou Frimley Park Hospital, Frimley, Frimley, UK
Tiago Saldanha Giology Department, EGAS Moniz Hospital - CHLO,
Lisboa, Portugal
Guillem Salo Orthopaedic Department, Spine Unit, Universitat Autonoma
de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
Jari Salo Helsinki University Hospital, Toolo Hospital, HUS, Helsinki,
Finland
Mikel San-Julian Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of
Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
Dietrich Schlenzka ORTON Orthopaedic Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
B. W. Schreurs Department of Orthopedics, Radboud University Nijmegen
Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
J. C. M. Schrier Orthopedics and Traumatology, Isala Clinics, Zwolle,
The Netherlands
Reinhard Schuh Foot and Ankle Center Vienna, Vienna, Austria
Department of Orthopaedics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
Michael Sch€utz Princess Alexandra Hospital, Queensland University of
Technology, Brisbane, Australia
Joseph Schwab Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Massachusetts General
Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
Wolfgang Schw€agerl Wien, Austria
Laurent Sedel Orthopaedic Department, University of Paris Denis Diderot,
Hopital Lariboisiere (APHP), Paris, France
Raphael Seringe Hopital Cochin APHP, Universite Paris-Descartes, Paris,
France
Elvire Servien Centre Albert Trillat, Groupe Hospitalier Nord, Hospices
Civils de Lyon, Lyon-Caluire, France
Roger Sevi Hille Yafe Hospital, Hadera, Israel
Nuno Sevivas Hospital de Braga, Clınica Espregueira-Mendes F.C. Porto
Stadium – FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, Porto, Portugal
S. Shetty Department of Radiology, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital,
Stanmore, Middlesex, UK
Haim Shtarker Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology,
Western Galilee Hospital, Nahariya, Israel
l Contributors
Rafael J. Sierra Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
L. Sierrasesumaga University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
Francois Signoret Saint Antoine Hospital, Pierre et Marie Curie University,
Paris, France
P. D. Siney The John Charnley Research Institute, Wrightington Hospital,
Wigan, Lancashire, UK
Dishan Singh Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore,
Middlesex, UK
Harvinder Singh University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester
General Hospital, Leicester, UK
Marco Sinisi Peripheral Nerve Injury Unit, Royal National Orthopaedic
Hospital, Stanmore, Middlesex, UK
Chris Smith Princess Elizabeth Orthopaedic Centre, Exeter, UK
Marc Soubeyrand Service de Chirurgie Orthopedique, Hopital du Kremlin-
Bicetre, Le Kremlin-Bicetre, France
Panayotis N. Soucacos School of Medicine, University of Athens, Athens,
Greece
Kirsten Specht Section for Hip and Knee Replacement, Department of
Orthopaedics, Vejle Hospital, University of South Denmark, Vejle, Denmark
Eric L. Staals Istituti Ortopedici Rizzoli, 5th Division, Bologna, Italy
David Stanley Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust,
Sheffield, UK
James C. Stanley York Teaching Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, York,
UK
Petros Z. Stavrou Academic Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics,
School of Medicine, Leeds General Infirmary, Clarendon Wing, Leeds, UK
Evangelismos Hospital, Athens, Greece
Zois P. Stavrou Henry Dunant Hospital, Athens, Greece
Michael M. Stephens Mater Private Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
Richard Stern Division of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, University
Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
Maik Stiehler University Centre for Orthopaedics and Traumatology,
University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
Walter Michael Strobl Clinic for Pediatric Orthopaedic and
Neuroorthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Hospital Rummelsberg,
Schwarzenbruck, Nuremberg, Germany
Contributors li
Jan Stulik Spine Surgery Department, University Hospital Motol, Praha,
Czech Republic
Norbert Suedkamp Department for Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology,
Freiburg University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany
Mark G. Swindells Pulvertaft Hand Centre, Derby, UK
Panagiotis Symeonidis 2nd Orthopedic Clinic University of Thessaloniki,
Thessaloniki, Greece
Miklos Szendroi Department of Orthopaedics, Semmelweis University,
Budapest, Hungary
George Szoke Department of Orthopaedics, Semmelweis University, Buda-
pest, Hungary
Magnus T€agil Hand and Upper Extremity Unit, Department of Orthopedics,
Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
Antonie H. M. Taminiau Department of Orthopaedics, Leiden University
Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
Chanan Tauber Kaplan Hospital Rehovot, Rehovot, Israel
Mark Tauber Section for Shoulder and Elbow Surgery, ATOS Clinic,
Munich, Germany
Sally Tennant Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, Middlesex,
UK
Karl-Goran Thorngren Department of Orthopaedics, Lund University
Hospital, Lund, Sweden
Roger M. Tillman Oncology Unit, Royal Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foun-
dation Trust, Birmingham, UK
Michael Alan Tonkin Royal North Shore Hospital, University of Sydney,
Sydney, Australia
Carlos Torrens Orthopedic Department, Hospital Universitario del Mar de
Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
Alexandros Touliatos Department of the First Orthopaedic Department,
General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece
Ian A. Trail Hand and Upper Limb Surgery, Wrightington Hospital, Wigan,
Lancashire, UK
Georgios K. Triantafyllopoulos 3rd Department of Orthopaedic Surgery,
School of Medicine, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
Hans-Jorg Trnka Foot and Ankle Center Vienna, Vienna, Austria
lii Contributors
Francois Tudor British Orthopaedic Trainees Association, Stanmore,
Middlesex, UK
Philippa Tyler The Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore,
Middlesex, London, UK
Maite Ubierna Spine Unit, Hospital Germas Trias i Pujol Badalona, Barce-
lona, Spain
Victor Valderrabano Orthopaedic Department, University Hospital Basel,
Basel, Switzerland
Angiola Valente Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, San Luigi
Gonzaga Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
Matteo Benedetti Valentini Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University
of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
H. van Dam Hand Surgery Department, St Andrew’s Centre for Plastic
Surgery, Broomfield Hospital, Chelmsford, Essex, UK
Michiel A. J. van de Sande Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden,
The Netherlands
C. N. van Dijk Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Academic Medical
Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Tom Van Isacker Service d’Orthopedie et de Traumatologie, Cliniques
Universitaires St-Luc, Universite Catholique de Louvain, Bruxelles, Belgium
Marie Van Laer Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology,
Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
Alexander Van Tongel Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and
Traumatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
F. Vannini Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Istituto
Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
Pedro Varanda Hospital de Braga, Clınica Espregueira-Mendes F.C. Porto
Stadium – FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, Porto, Portugal
B. L. Vazquez-Garcıa University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
Peter Verdonk Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology,
Monica Ziekenhuizen, Antwerpen, Belgium
Rene Verdonk Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology,
Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
Richard Villar The Wellington Hospital, London, UK
Cesar Vincent Spine Unit, Orthopaedic Department, Bicetre University
Hospital, AP-HP Paris, Universite Paris-Sud ORSAY, Le Kremlin Bicetre,
France
Contributors liii
Mihai Vioreanu Royal College of Surgeons Ireland, Ballinteer, Ireland
A. J. H. Vochteloo Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The
Netherlands
Gershon Volpin Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology,
Western Galilee Hospital, Nahariya, Israel
R€udiger von Eisenhart-Rothe Klinik f€ur Orthop€adie und Sportorthop€adieam Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universit€at M€unchen, M€unchen,
Germany
Richard Wallensten Department of Orthopaedics, Karolinska University
Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
David Warwick Hand Surgery, University Hospital Southampton,
Southampton, UK
Vincent Wasserman Service de Chirurgie Orthopedique, Hopital
Universitaire de Bicetre, Le Kremlin-Bicetre, France
Wolfram Wenz Paediatric Orthopaedics and Foot Surgery, Department
for Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Heidelberg University Clinics,
Heidelberg, Germany
Florent Weppe Centre Albert Trillat Hopital de le Croix-Rousse, Lyon,
France
Philippe Wicart Hopital Necker – Enfants malades AP-HP, Universite
Paris-Descartes, Paris, France
Johannes I. Wiegerinck Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Academic
Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Keith Willett Kadoorie Centre for Critical Care Research and Education,
Trauma Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
Andy M. Williams Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK
Timothy Huw David Williams Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital,
Stanmore, Middlesex, UK
J. Brad Williamson Division of Neurosciences, Salford Royal Hospital,
Salford, UK
W. Winkelmann Department of Orthopedics, University Hospital and
Medical School, M€unster, Germany
Eivind Witso St. Olav’s University Hospital, Norwegian University of
Science Trondheim, Trondheim, Norway
B. M. Wroblewski The John Charnley Research Institute, Wrightington
Hospital, Wigan, Lancashire, UK
Timo Yrjonen ORTON Orthopaedic Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
liv Contributors
S. Zaffagnini Sports Traumatolgy Department, Rizzoli Othopaedic
Institute, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
Luigi Zagra Hip Department, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan,
Italy
Peter Zenz Orthop€adisches Zentrum Otto Wagner Spital, Wien, Austria
Christoph Zilkens Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University Hospital
of D€usseldorf, D€usseldorf, Germany
Gianfranco Zinghi Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, University of Bologna,
Bologna, Italy
Hans Zwipp Clinic for Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University
Hospital Carl-Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
Contributors lv
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