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EIA
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Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)
Training Course on ‘Mainstreaming Environment, Climate Change
and Disaster Risk Management into Development Planning’
Professor
Institute of Water and Flood Management (IWFM)
Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET)
Dr. A.K.M. Saiful Islam
EIA
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Lecture Topic
Major Environmental Parameters
Potential Impact on infrastructure development
projects
Road Projects of LGED
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)
Road Project of LGED
Bridge Project of LGED
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PHYSICAL
ECOLOGY
HUMAN
INTEREST &
VALUE OF LIFE
Environmental Parameters
is components of environment. It can be grouped into major components.
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Physical Parameters
Regional Hydrology / Flooding
Drainage congestion/ Water Logging
Erosion and Siltation
Dust and Noise Pollution
Water Pollution
Soil characteristics/ Soil Fertility
Groundwater Table
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Ecological Parameters
Fisheries
Forest
Wildlife and Biodiversity
Solid Wastes
Nuisances Plant / Eutrophication
Wetland and Wetland Habitat
Terrestrial Habitat
Tree plantation / Urban Vegetation
Wastewater
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Human Interest
(Economic Impact)
Loss of Agricultural Lands
Loss of Top soil of Agricultural lands
Employment opportunity
Industrial Activities
Irrigation Facilities
Navigation/ Boat Communication
Road Communication / Transportation
Agricultural Development
Landscape
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Quality of Life Values
(Social Impact)
Health and Well being
Sanitation and Pure Water Supply
Education / Literacy
Road Safety
Slum Improvement
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Potential Impacts on Environment
A change in system exerts certain influence onmany different environmental parametersresulting a net positive or negative impact on theenvironment.
Impact on major Infrastructure development projects of LGED such as: Road Projects
Growth Center and Landing Station (Ghat) Projects
Small Scale Water Resources Sector Projects
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Ecological Impact
(a) Fisheries: (-) Roads prevent longitudinal and
lateral migration of fishes in the flood plain
(-) Obstruct movement of fishes onto natural feeding and breeding grounds in the flood plain.
(b) Forest: (-) Roads running through forest area
and plantations may be the cause of destruction of trees in the forest and alteration of ecology of the forest.
Fisheries
Fish breeding ground
Road running through forest
Example: LGED Thana Road Project
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Ecological Impact
(c) Plantation:
(+) The roadsides may be used for plantation of trees which is favorable impact of road construction.
(d) Wetland and Wetland Habitant:
(-) The road may encroach wetlands which may alter the ecology of wetlands and may cause destruction of wetland habitat.
(e) Nuisance Plant/Eutrophication:
(-) The Roads running through forest area and plantations may be the cause of destruction of trees in the forest and alteration of ecology of the forest.
Roadside plantation
wetland
Eutrophication
Example: LGED Thana Road Project
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Physico-chemical Impact
(a) Erosion and Siltation
(-) causes erosion during flood and siltation in the downstream.
(b) Drainage Congestion /Water logging
(-) roads interfere with cross drainage and can cause flooding or drainage congestion in adjacent areas during periods of high precipitation.
(-) May cause crop damage, water pollution and breeding of mosquitoes.
Road erosion
Road side water logging
Example: LGED Thana Road Project
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Physical Impact
(c) Regional Hydrology/Flooding (-) Roads constructed across flood
plains perpendicular to the direction of water flow cause back water effect and increase duration, frequency and extent of flooding in the up stream.
(d) Obstruction to Waste water flow (-) Roads may obstruct the drainage
of sewage and industrial waste water loading to serious pollution problem.
(e) Dust /Noise Pollution (-) Dust raised from unpaved rural
roads and blown by the vehicles can pose a health hazard and damage vegetation along the sides of the road.
Dust pollution
Road obstruction to drainage
Example: LGED Thana Road Project
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Impact on Human Interest
(a) Loss of Agricultural Lands (-) Construction of any road is associated
with the loss of agricultural lands.
(b) Generation of Employment Opportunities (+) Construction of road generates
temporary employment during project implementation and permanent employment during maintenance phase.
(c) Navigation and Boat Communication (-) Roads interference with navigation and
boat communication at least for certain period of the year.
Agricultural land
Road construction
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Impact on Human Interest (d) Transportation and Road
communication (+) Transportation of people and goods from
one place to another saving time and cost.
(e) Tourism (+) Easy movement due to road improvement
has a positive impact on tourism, flourishing tourism at local as well as international level.
(f) Industrial Activities (+) Road communication promotes industrial
activities.
(g) Irrigation Facilities (+) Borrow-pits by the side of the roads
provide facility for small scale irrigation.
(h) Landscape (-) Scattered borrow pits, unauthorized
growth around road , erosion result in marred landscape.
communication
Borrow-pit Irrigation
Scattered borrow-pit
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Quality of Life Values
(a) Health and Well-being of Users (+) Improvement of road communication
facilitates to prompt access to health centers.
(b) Road Safety (-) Increase number and speed of motor
vehicles can lead increased accident cause death and injury.
(c) Culture and Landscape (-) Disturbances in natural landscape
would occur miss-managed borrow pit.
(d) Education /Literacy (+) Improve facilities easy movement of
people and created favorable environment and spreading education.
Health and well being
Road Safety
Literacy
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Environmental Impact Assessment
(EIA)
Training Course on ‘Mainstreaming Environment, Climate Change
and Disaster Risk Management into Development Planning’
EIA
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Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)
Assessment of the beneficial and adverse changes in environment resources or values resulting from a proposed project.
Essential Elements
Identification of possible positive or negative impacts of the project.
Quantifying impacts with respect to common base.
Preparation of mitigation plan to offset the negative impacts.
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T Methods of Assessment
Environmental Impact Value
Vi = Relative change of the environmental quality of parameters
Wi= Relative importance or weight or parameter
N = total number of environmental parameters
n
i
ii )W(VEIV
1
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Quantification of Environmental
Impact
Changes of environmental
parameters
Severe (+5 or -5)
Higher (+4 or -4)
Moderate (+3 or -3)
Low (+2 or -2)
Very Low (+1 or -1)
No change (0)0 1 2 3 4 5
No change
Very low
Low
Moderate
Higher
Severe
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Relative importance of
Environmental Parameters
All parameters are not equal importance or
weight.
It varies from country to country
In Bangladesh flood, employment, agriculture,
fisheries carry more importance.
In next slide, a summary of relative importance
of parameters for Road project of LGED is
presented.
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EIA Procedure
1. Preparatory Works – study report, maps
2. Data collection – from all sources, survey,
satellite images, questionaire
3. Data Analysis – convert to change scale
4. Impact Evaluation – relative weight
5. Mitigation and Monitoring Plan –
Environmental Management Plan (EMP)
6. Preparation of Report – help decision makers
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ENVIRONMENTAL PARAMETERS Relative
Importance
Value
Degree
of
Impact
EIV
I. ECOLOGICAL
Fisheries
Forest
Tree Plantation
Wetland/Wetland Habitant
Nuisance Plant/Eutrophication
II. PHYSICAL
Regional Hydrology/Flooding
Drainage Congestion/Water logging
Erosion and Siltation
Dust Pollution/Noise Pollution
8
4
2
4
1
4
4
2
2
-2
0
+1
0
-1
-1
-1
-1
0
-15
-10
Example 1: Impact Evaluation of Road Projects
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TENVIRONMENTAL PARAMETERS Relative
Importance
Value
Degree
of
Impact
EIV
III. HUMAN INTEREST
Loss of Agricultural Lands
Employment Opportunities
Navigation/Boat Communication
Industrial Activities
Irrigation Facilities
Landscape
III. QUALITY OF LIFE VALUES
Health and Nutrition
Sanitation and Water Supply
Education/Literacy
Road Safety
Slum Improvement
Total Environmental Impact Value
6
6
2
3
3
2
3
3
3
3
3
-3
+3
-3
+2
+3
-1
+2
0
+2
-1
+2
+4
+15
-6
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Example-2: EIA of a Bridge
Component Value
Length 588.0 m
Spans 14 equal spans of 42.0 m
Design Water Level 5.07 m PWD
Vertical clearance 7.83 m
Elevation of the bottom of
Bridge at crest
12.90 m PWD
Height of deck at mid
section
15.70 m PWD
Longitudinal profile of
bridge
Type: Parabolic
Slope: 3%
Starting: Along bridge
centerline from mid-section or
crest section
Approach Roads Formation Level: 8.58 m above
the datum
A Bridge in Gopalganj Sadar Upzaila on the Madhumati River
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T Physical Impact
Regional hydrology and flooding
The construction of the proposed bridge will create 1 cm
afflux, which will cause insignificant impact on flood level.
Erosion
Planform analyses through Landsat TM images have
shown that between 1989 and 2010, the erosion rate was
less than 1.0 m/year at the proposed bridge section of the
river. The degree of impact has been assessed to be ‘very
low’ (-1).
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Water pollution
Construction activities such as piling, cutting and filling with material for
foundation of bridge, may generate loose mud and soil which may
increase turbidity of the river water. However, the effect due to
construction activities will be temporary and will not contaminate the
river water. Therefore, the degree of impact has been assessed to be
‘very low’ (-1).
Air quality
Dusts will be generated during construction activities which need
management especially due to the fact that the bridge site is very near
to habitats at both the eastern and western banks. Therefore, the
degree of impact has been assessed to be ‘low’ (-2).
Noise pollution
The bridge site is located at a rural setting. There are some shops
(Gopalganj end) and a mosque and some homesteads (Narail end)
near the bridge site. The noise generated during construction activities
and the traffic activities after bridge construction may cause some
problem. The degree of impact has been assessed to be ‘low’ (-2).
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Ecological Impact Fish and fisheries
The region is known for its fisheries resources and
Modhumita River is considered to be an important fish
migration route. The proposed bridge may create adverse
impact on the fisheries of Modhumita River, especially
during the construction phase. The degree of impact has
been assessed to be ‘low’ (-2).
Trees and vegetation
Some trees and few bamboo groves may need to be felled
during construction especially for approach road on the
Narail end. However, the damage will be minimal given the
commonality of the species. The degree of impact has
been assessed to be ‘low’ (-2).
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Impact on Human Interest
Loss of lands
To facilitate the smooth traffic communication on the
western side of the river, new approach road will be
required at the Narail end which will cause loss of
agricultural land. The degree of impact has been assessed
to be ‘moderate’ (-3).
Industrial activities
It is expected that the proposed bridge will expand the
industrial activities at the locality as well as in the region.
The degree of impact has been assessed to be ‘low’ (+2).
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Employment opportunity
Presently a large number of service holders face the
difficulty of crossing the Madhumoti River everyday for their
employment purposes. It is expected that the proposed
bridge will generate as well as enhance employment
opportunity other than short term labor during the
construction phase. The degree of impact has been
assessed to be ‘low’ (+2).
Transportation and communication
The proposed bridge will significantly enhance the road
communication between Gopalganj and Khulna through
Terokhada. In future, it will also facilitate the regional road
network up to Kolkata, after the construction of Kalia Bridge
under RHD. The degree of impact has been assessed to
be ‘high positive impact’ (+4).
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Navigation
Madhumoti River is an important local as well as regional
navigational route. Therefore, the proposed bridge will have
some impact on the navigability of the river, especially
during the construction phase. The degree of impact has
been assessed to be ‘low’ (-2).
Travel safety
Travel safety will improve for a large number of people who
now have to cross the river with only one available ferry
boat. The degree of impact has been assessed to be ‘very
low’ (+1).
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Service accessibility to health
The Madhumati River imposes a huge risk for the
emergency patients to reach Sadar Hospital at the
Gopalganj end. The risk will be significantly minimized and
travel time will be considerably reduced after the
construction of the proposed bridge. The degree of impact
has been assessed to be ‘moderate positive impact’ (+3).
EIA
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T Education and literacy
There are well-established schools, on the east side (Gopalganj
end) of the river. For the students from the Narail end, the bridge
will offer easier and convenient communication. Thus it is
expected that the bridge will improve existing literacy in the
region. Female education will be especially benefited. The
degree of impact has been assessed to be ‘moderate positive
impact’ (+3).
Cultural and Heritage Values
One important feature of the proposed bridge is that at one end
there is Bangabandhu Mausoleum, located at Tungipara of
Gopalganj District and at the other end there is Shat Gombuj
Masjid, located at Bagerhat District. So the bridge will facilitate
an easy communication between these two important national
monuments. Considering the importance of the proposed bridge
from the cultural and heritage point of view, the degree of impact
has been assessed as ‘+2’.
EIA
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TParameters Relative
importance
value
Degree of
impact
Relative impact EIV
Positive Negative
1. Physical -16
Regional Hydrology and
Flooding
4 -1 -4
Erosion 2 -1 -2
Water Pollution 2 -1 -2
Air Quality 2 -2 -4
Noise pollution 2 -2 -4
2. Ecological -20
Fish 8 -2 -16
Trees and vegetation 2 -2 -4
3. Human interest +47
Loss of lands 6 -3 -18
Industrial activities 3 +2 +6
Employment opportunities 6 +2 +12
Transportation and
communication
6 +4 +24
Navigation 2 -2 -4
Travel safety 3 +1 +3
Health 3 +3 +9
Education and literacy 3 +3 +9
Cultural and Heritage Values 3 +2 +6
Total EIV +69 -58 +11
EIA
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References: Environmental Assessment Guidelines for LGED
Projects, LGED, 2008
Guidelines on environmental issues related to
physical planning, LGED, 1992.
Environmental Impact Assessment, CERM, BUET,
2003.
Manual for Environmental Impact Assessment,
Bangladesh Flood Action Plan, MWR, 1995
Hydrological & Morphological Study and EIA of
Proposed Eighteen Road Bridges over different
rivers Under Construction of Large Bridge on
Upazila and Union Road Project, LGED, 2011.
EIA
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Thank you !
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