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A. Leibowitz SSA 4/26/001

Environmental Health and SafetyMetrics

Performance Indices for the Future

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Metrics Purpose

�Evaluation and control of dynamicsystems.

�Graphical representation of non-intuitivedata

�Management/customer communication�Speak their language

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“What Gets MeasuredGets Managed”

- business mantra

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Metrics Description andDefinitions

�How are metrics used by other functionalareas?�Operations planning

�Strategic planning

�Quality control

�Personnel compliance

�Product pricing

�Market evaluation

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Data CollectionSources of Information

Department Data Examples Use

Accounting Sales, budgets Normalization of data,evaluation of resourceallocations

EHS Sampling results, noticesof violation

Compliancedocumentation, programadministration

Maintenance Equipment maintenancelogs, contractor training,energy usage

Accident investigation,evaluation of conservationefforts

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Data CollectionSources of Information (cont.)

Department Data Examples Use

Medical Injuries, training attendees Accident and regulatorycompliance analysis

Operations Departmental auditsummaries, manufacturingcosts, management goals

Policy deployment review,total costs of accidents

Personnel Total number of employees,hourly/salaried,departmental/tradebreakdowns, lost time

Normalization of data,identification of trade ordepartmental trends

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Data CollectionCollection Methods

�Direct Measurement�Data Logging

�Field Monitoring

�Surveys

�Data Collection Forms

�Public/Private Databases

�Document Repositories�Agency

�Internal

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Data CollectionCollection Form

Data Jan Feb Mar Apr MayInjury/illness casesDays away from work CasesTotal Days away from workAverage # of EmployeesEmployee HoursFires or Other Damage(>$1K)Reportable ReleasesAmount Released ( lb.)EHS Agency VisitsNon Compliance NoticesFines (US $)Open Action ItemsDelinquent Action Items

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Data CollectionCollection Form (cont.)

Data Jan Feb Mar Apr MayComplete On Time ItemsPurchased Chemicals (lb.)Haz.Waste Disposal Cost ($)Haz. Waste Disposal Amt. (lb.)Nonhaz. Waste Disp. Cost ($)Nonhaz. Waste Disp. Amt. (lb.)Recycled Material (lb.)Electricity (KWH)Natural Gas (ft3)Fuel Oil (Gallons)Water (Gallons)Sales (US$)Local Metrics (IE. First aid)

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Data CollectionInternet Sources

�EPA Center for Environmental Statisticshttp://www.epa.gov/ces/

• Air Quality

• Water Quality

• Waste Management

• Pesticide Use and Management

• Production and Use of Toxic Substances

• Emergency Response and Remediation

• Chemical Emergency Prevention and Preparedness

• Underground Storage Tanks

• Environmental Indicators

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Data CollectionInternet Sources (cont.)

�The Bureau of Labor Statisticshttp://stats.bls.gov/oshhome.htm

• Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries

• Occupational Injuries and Illnesses (Annual)

• Occupational Injuries and Illnesses by SelectedCharacteristics

• Health Care Expenditures (Annual)

• Case and Demographic Information - Nonfatal

• Industry Incidents Information - Nonfatal

• Occupational Injury and Illness Classification Manual

• National Compensation Survey

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Data CollectionData Validation

�Manual/Electronic Calculation�Check Formulas/Algorithms

�Evaluation of Alternate InformationSources�Parallel Collection

� Evaluate Data Assumptions�Sublevel Elements

�Definitions

�Units of Measure

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EHS Metrics

�General

�Safety Metrics - the standard

�Environmental Metrics -a growingassortment

�Industrial Hygiene Metrics - Limited

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EHS MetricsGeneral

�Inspections

�Records Maintenance

�Budget Status

�Action Item Status

�Notices of Violation

�Outside Agency Interaction

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EHS MetricsGeneral (cont.)

�Training

�Disciplinary Action

�Departmental Goals Established

�Management Participation/PerformanceMeasurement

�Audits

�Legal Costs

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EHS MetricsNormalization Data

�Population (direct, indirect, field,temporary)

�Hours Worked (regular, overtime)

�Sales (fixed accounting)

�Articles Produced

�Degree Days

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Safety Metrics�Basics

� First Aid Cases

� Recordable Injuries/Illnesses

�Lost and Restricted Days

�Worker's Compensation Costs

�Property Losses

�Regulatory fines

�Catastrophic events

�Root Cause Analyses

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Safety Metrics (cont.)

�Job Safety Analyses

�Near Misses

�Safety Meetings Conducted

�Attendance at Safety Meetings

�Cascade Instructors Trained

�Test Scores

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Safety Metrics (cont.)

�Work Orders Written/Completed

�Number of Employee Raised SafetyIssues

�Ergonomic ConcernsIdentified/Corrected

�Incident Reporting Efficiency

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Environmental Metrics

�Basics�Reportable Releases

�Chemical Purchases

�Chemical Disposal

�Permit Compliance

�Energy Use

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Environmental Metrics (cont.)

�Monitoring Completion

�Risk Assessments Completed

�Control Equipment Efficiency�Treatment plants, scrubbers etc.

�System Availability�Frequency of upsets, repair delays

�Drinking Water Testing

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Environmental Metrics (cont.)

�Emergency Response�Plans, response time

�Permit Preparation�Timely, Accurate

�Regulatory Impact Analyses

�Waste Minimization Programs

�TSDF Audits

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Industrial Hygiene Metrics

�Hazard Assessments

�MSDS�Availability, Training

�Monitoring Procedures�Calibration, media selection, documentation

�Physical Agents�Noise, Radiation

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Industrial Hygiene Metrics(cont.)

�Biological Monitoring

�Air Contaminants

�Personal Protective Equipment�Use, training, selection

�Corrective Actions

�Employee Notifications

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Example Formulas

�Incidence Rate�the number of injuries and illnesses per 100

full-time workers and were calculated as:

�(N/EH) x 200,000

� where N = number of injuries and illnesses EH = total hoursworked by all employees during the calendar year 200,000 =base for 100 equivalent full-time workers (working 40 hours perweek, 50 weeks per year).

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Example Formulas (cont.)

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Rolling Average Chart

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

1s t Q tr 2nd Q tr 3rd Q tr 4th Q tr

Rolling A vg.

Q uarter

G oal

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Example Formulas (cont.)

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Example Formulas (cont.)�'�!�������(�)!*���') ����'�#

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Metrics Examples Display and Interpretation

Injury Frequency Index

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

0.30

0.35

0.40

0.45

JAN

FE

B

MA

R

AP

R

MA

Y

JUN

JUL

AU

G

SE

P

OC

T

NO

V

DE

C

1997

0.00

1.00

2.00

3.00

4.00

5.00

6.00

1995 1996 YTD.

GOAL

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Metrics Examples Display and Interpretation

W aste Disposal Costs

0100200300400500600700800900

1,000

1993 1994 1995 1996*

K Do

llars

Unit A

Unit B

Unit C

Unit D

Unit E

Total

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Metrics Examples Display and Interpretation

Waste D isposal Costs

0200400600800

1 ,000

1993 1994 1995 1996*

K$

Unit E

Unit D

Unit C

Unit B

Unit A

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Metrics Examples Display and Interpretation

1998 W aste Disposal Costs

S crubbe r15%

Re m e dia tion48%

Etching10%

P la ting13%

W a ste w a te r14%

O ther

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Metrics Examples Display and Interpretation

CHEM ICAL REDUCT IO N

0

100

200

300

400

1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993

YEAR

THO

US

AN

D

PO

UN

DS

NitricAcidHCl

H2SO4

Coppe r

Na OH

Fre on

1,1,1-TCA

Chlorine

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Metrics Examples Display and Interpretation

1997 - $19.4 B illion

14.2%

21.5%

11.4%

8.1%

16.1%

1999 - $22.0 B illion

13.7%

23.0%9.1%

7.7%

16.0% Natura l G as

O il

E lectr ic

W ater

Solar

-10%

-5%

0%

5%

10%

15%

Natura

l Gas

Oil

Electric

Wate

r

Solar

Atom

ic

Grow th by Segmen t (%)

1996 1997 1998 1999

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Misuse of Metrics

�Comparison of data prepared usingdifferent criteria

�Assumption of trends

�Assumption of relationships

�Extrapolation (logic flaws)

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Innovative Ideas and FutureUses of Metrics

�Life Cycle Costs

�Cost Avoidance

�Employee Participation

�Supervisor Participation

�Inter/Intranets

�Real Time Data Display