efficient stereo matching based on a new confidence metric

Efficient Stereo Matching Based on a New Confidence Metric

Won-Hee Lee, Yumi Kim, and Jong Beom Ra

Department of Electrical Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Korea

20th European Signal Processing Conference (EUSIPCO 2012)

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Outline• Introduction

• Related Work

• Proposed Algorithm

• Experimental Results

• Conclusion

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Introduction

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Introduction• For the TV application, stereo matching should be

performed in real-time.

• Aggregation kernel size is to be small• Aggregation process takes large computation loads • May cause problems in a textureless area

• Texture area information incorrect textureless area

• Propose a new confidence metric for stereo matching• For efficient refinement (with small kernel size)

Objective:

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Introduction

35X35

5X35

[4] K. Zhang, J. Lu, and G. Lafruit, “Cross-based local stereo matching using orthogonal integral images,” IEEE TCSVT, 2009.

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Related Work

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Related Work• Cross-based stereo matching algorithm[4]

• Raw matching cost:

• Aggregated cost:

Ud(x) : local support region : the number of pixels in Ud(x)

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Related Work• Cross-based stereo matching algorithm[4]

• Winner-take-all:

d0(x) : the initial disparitydmax(x) : the maximum disparity

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Related Work• Confidence metrics[5]:

• Several metrics were proposed to measure the confidence level of match

• Utilizing:

• Aggregated cost

• Curvature of the cost curve

• Left-right consistency

[5] X. Hu and P. Mordohai, “Evaluation of stereo confidence indoors and outdoors,” in CVPR, 2010

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Confidence metrics• 1) Matching score metric (MSM)

C : aggregated costdi : the disparity that reveals the ith minimum cost

White(High confidence)

Black(Low confidence)

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Confidence metrics• 2) Curvature of cost curve metric (CUR)

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Confidence metrics• 3) Naive peak ratio metric (PKRN)

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Confidence metrics• 4) Naive winner margin metric (WMNN)

• computes a margin between two minimum costs • normalize it with the sum of total costs

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Confidence metrics• 5) Left right difference metric (LRD)

min{cR(x - d1, dR)}: the minimum value of a cost curve at the corresponding pixel in the right image.

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ProposedAlgorithm

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Framework

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Proposed Confidence Metric

‧:Correct estimated pixels X : Incorrect estimated pixels

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Proposed Confidence Metric• The new metric is proposed as

• Characteristic:• extracts the curvature information across a range larger than that

including three cost values in the CUR metric

• : improve the metric performance for a cost graph with a small curvature.

LoG : a Laplacian of Gaussian filter of n-taps

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Refinement• Weighted median filter

• Weight :

: the initial disparity of neighboring pixels (same color segment)

: duplication operator

offset a slope of function

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Refinement• Histogram-based color segmentation algorithm[6]:

[6] J. Delon, A. Desolneux, J. L. Lisani, and A. B. Petro, “A nonparametric approach for histogram segmentation,” IEEE TIP, 2007.

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Refinement• The filtering is applied only to the limited number if pixels

• Due to small size of filtering kernel

• To enlarge the filtering range

• Vertically propagate the filtered result of a current pixel

A

B

C

(current)

If Weightpropagate > WeightB

DisparityB = Disparitypropagate

Else Datapropagate = DataB

Datapropagate = DataAFiltered Disparity

Weight

Color segment

index

Propagation Data After weighted median filtering…

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ExperimentalResults

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Experimental Results• Parameters:

Aggregation kernel

Filtering kernel

T n σ τ

5 x 35 5 x 63 60 7 10 2

n : Laplacian of Gaussian filter of n-taps

offset a slope of function

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Experimental ResultsBad pixel Confidence mapInitial disparity map

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Experimental Results AUC: Area Under the Curve

Venus Tsukuba

Teddy Cones

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Experimental Results

Error rate (Threshold = 1)

Error rate (Threshold = 1)

Cross-based

Adaptivesupport-weight

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Experimental Results[4]

[10]

Proposed

After Aggregation

After Aggregation

After Aggregation

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Conclusion

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Conclusion• Presented an efficient stereo matching algorithm

• Applying a weighted median filter that is based on the proposed confidence metric.

• Successfully refine initial disparities.

• Competitive to the existing algorithms with a large size of aggregation kernel.