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Earth‐Moon‐Sun Relationships

Tidal BulgeTidal Bulge

Spring TideSpring Tide

Neap TideNeap Tide

Plane of the EclipticPlane of the Ecliptic

Plane of the EclipticPlane of the Ecliptic

Earth‐Sun Relations

Midnight SunMidnight Sun

Sun incidenceSun incidence

Sun Angle High LatitudeSun Angle—High Latitude

Sun Angle Mid LatitudeSun Angle—Mid‐Latitude

Sun Angle EquatorSun Angle‐‐Equator

Sun incidenceSun incidence

Tropic CirclesTropic Circles

• Tropic of Cancer: 23.5° N latitude

• Furthest north location of overhead sun raysFurthest north location of overhead sun rays

• June 20/21: “June Solstice”

• Tropic of Capricorn: 23 5° S latitudeTropic of Capricorn: 23.5 S latitude

• Furthest south location of overhead sun rays

• December 21/22 : “December Solstice”

Daylight at Solar latitudesDaylight at Solar latitudes

Highest SunHighest Sun

Lowest SunLowest Sun

Polar CirclesPolar Circles

• Arctic Circle: 66.5° N latitude

• Furthest south reach of 24 hour sunlightFurthest south reach of 24 hour sunlight

• Also on June solstice

• Arctic Circle is also furthest south reach ofArctic Circle is also furthest south reach of 24 hour darkness on December solstice

Polar CirclesPolar Circles

• Antarctic Circle: 66.5° S latitude

• Furthest north reach of 24 hour sunlightFurthest north reach of 24 hour sunlight

• Also on December solstice

• Antarctic Circle is also furthest north reach ofAntarctic Circle is also furthest north reach of 24 hour darkness on June solstice

Sun Angle with LatitudeSun Angle with Latitude

Equinox and SolsticeEquinox and Solstice

EquinoxEquinox

• Date when there is equal day and night for every location on Earthy

• March 19/20: “March Equinox”

S b 22/23 “S b i ”• September 22/23: “September Equinox”

Solar latitudesSolar latitudes

MonthlyMonthly Temperatures pvs. Latitude