earth and beyond
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Earth andBeyondAndries p 43
The atmosphereAndries p 43
Thin layer of gases surrounding Earth.
Composition is different to other planets that's why we can survive.
Stretches 10 000 km above Earth's surface.
Density as Height
80 km = approx. 100% of the atmosphere
Andries p 43
GasChemical formulaPercentage of the atmosphere
NitrogenN278%
OxygenO221%
ArgonAr0.9%
mixtureNeeded for breathinginertThe last 1%:
CO2SO2HydrogenWaterMethaneetc.Andries p 43
Functions
Andries p 43
Source of O2
Protects us against UV rays ozone absorbs the rays
Keep temperatures steady between and
Protective
Andries p 43
function
Life as we know it water vapourShield filters UV and allowinfrared for heat, prevents meteorsGases for photosynthesis andrespirationBlanket regulates temperature
Greengases
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CO2
H2O
Circulates heat energy around
Forms precipitation
Cause heatthroughGreen effect
Also absorbs heat
Cause heat through Green effect
Both contribute to the Green effect
Greeneffect
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Greeneffect
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and
warming
depends on % of GHG
= High % of GHG in the atmosphere over a long period
CO2
Fuel consumption increase
Deforestation
Greeneffect
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and
warming
DO
increase from 16 to 21
Increase in evaporation
FloodsMore Soil vapour decrease
DroughtDesertificationSea levels increase
m +Millions of people = homeless
Greeneffect
Andries p 45
and
warming
Reforestation
Don't clear the groundfor &c
Renewable energy
Efficient energy use
State of sunshine, temperature, wind and rain at a specific time.
Climate
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Weather
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Normal weather conditions for an area.
Climate
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Climate
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Climate
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Air pressure
Determine weather and climate conditions
Climatezones
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Andries p 50
Planet earthAnd space
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A source of energy
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*
The center of our solar system
Everything else in our s.s. orbits around it.
@/
Providing
Andries p 50
Andries p 50
8
Pluto is NOT a planet.
Andries p 50
Pluto
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planets
Kept in fixed orbits gravitational pull of the sun.
MercuryVenusEarthMarsJupiterSaturnUranusNeptune
Different sizes.
Do not emit / reflect sun's rays.
Andries p 50
Satellites
Fixed orbit around each planet.
Fixed time to complete an orbit.
Also called a moon
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Movement of the
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Day and night
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Many faces of the moon
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Because the moon moves around the earth, the shape of what we can see changes continuously.
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Decreasing sickle moon
1
2
3
1
1
1
4
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Eclipse of the moon
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Umbra(the earth's shadow)
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Eclipse of the sun
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400xsmaller
Umbra(the moon's shadow)
Penumbra(partial shade)
400x further
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Space observation with
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refractor
Consist of two lenses on each end of a tube.
Andries p 53
mirror
Light is collected and focused onto a mirror close to the eye pieces
Andries p 53
SALT
OUTH
AFRICAN
ARGE
ELESCOPE
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SALT
OUTH
AFRICAN
ARGE
ELESCOPE
Andries p 53
SALT
Found in Sutherland (N.C.), because of the very little air and light pollution.
Slide 1 cairoo softwareSlide 2 Google plusSlide 8 source unknownSlide 9 a sciencephotolibrarySlide 9 b sciencelives.comSlide 15 CAIROO softwareSlide 16 CAIROO softwareSlide 17 cairoo softwareSlide 18 CAIROO softwareSlide 19 tumblr
Textbook: Andries Olivier, Grade 8 workbook, 2012
Images: attempt has been made to acknowledge all sources, if an image's source could not be found, it was acknowledged as such.
Slide 20 worldofteaching.comSlide 21 Lily KotzeSlide 23 worldofteaching.comSlide 25 shirt.woot!Slide 28 Lily KotzeSlide 30 unknown sourceSlide 31 worldofteaching.comSlide 33 worldofteaching.comSlide 34 worldofteaching.comSlide 39 Lily Kotze
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