Earth andBeyondAndries p 43

The atmosphereAndries p 43

Thin layer of gases surrounding Earth.

Composition is different to other planets that's why we can survive.

Stretches 10 000 km above Earth's surface.

Density as Height

80 km = approx. 100% of the atmosphere

Andries p 43

GasChemical formulaPercentage of the atmosphere

NitrogenN278%

OxygenO221%

ArgonAr0.9%

mixtureNeeded for breathinginertThe last 1%:

CO2SO2HydrogenWaterMethaneetc.Andries p 43

Functions

Andries p 43

Source of O2

Protects us against UV rays ozone absorbs the rays

Keep temperatures steady between and

Protective

Andries p 43

function

Life as we know it water vapourShield filters UV and allowinfrared for heat, prevents meteorsGases for photosynthesis andrespirationBlanket regulates temperature

Greengases

Andries p 43

CO2

H2O

Circulates heat energy around

Forms precipitation

Cause heatthroughGreen effect

Also absorbs heat

Cause heat through Green effect

Both contribute to the Green effect

Greeneffect

Andries p 44

Greeneffect

Andries p 45

and

warming

depends on % of GHG

= High % of GHG in the atmosphere over a long period

CO2

Fuel consumption increase

Deforestation

Greeneffect

Andries p 45

and

warming

DO

increase from 16 to 21

Increase in evaporation

FloodsMore Soil vapour decrease

DroughtDesertificationSea levels increase

m +Millions of people = homeless

Greeneffect

Andries p 45

and

warming

Reforestation

Don't clear the groundfor &c

Renewable energy

Efficient energy use

State of sunshine, temperature, wind and rain at a specific time.

Climate

Andries p 45

Weather

Andries p 45

Normal weather conditions for an area.

Climate

Andries p 45

Climate

Andries p 45

Climate

Andries p 45

Andries p 45

Air pressure

Determine weather and climate conditions

Climatezones

Andries p 45

Andries p 46

Andries p 45

Andries p 46

Andries p 45

Andries p 46

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Andries p 46

Andries p 50

Planet earthAnd space

Andries p 50

A source of energy

Andries p 50

Andries p 50

*

The center of our solar system

Everything else in our s.s. orbits around it.

@/

Providing

Andries p 50

Andries p 50

8

Pluto is NOT a planet.

Andries p 50

Pluto

Andries p 50

planets

Kept in fixed orbits gravitational pull of the sun.

MercuryVenusEarthMarsJupiterSaturnUranusNeptune

Different sizes.

Do not emit / reflect sun's rays.

Andries p 50

Satellites

Fixed orbit around each planet.

Fixed time to complete an orbit.

Also called a moon

Andries p 50

Andries p 51

Movement of the

Andries p 51

Day and night

Andries p 51

Many faces of the moon

Andries p 51

Because the moon moves around the earth, the shape of what we can see changes continuously.

Andries p 51

Andries p 52

Decreasing sickle moon

1

2

3

1

1

1

4

Andries p 52

Eclipse of the moon

Andries p 53

Umbra(the earth's shadow)

Andries p 53

Eclipse of the sun

Andries p 53

400xsmaller

Umbra(the moon's shadow)

Penumbra(partial shade)

400x further

Andries p 53

Andries p 53

Space observation with

Andries p 53

refractor

Consist of two lenses on each end of a tube.

Andries p 53

mirror

Light is collected and focused onto a mirror close to the eye pieces

Andries p 53

SALT

OUTH

AFRICAN

ARGE

ELESCOPE

Andries p 53

SALT

OUTH

AFRICAN

ARGE

ELESCOPE

Andries p 53

SALT

Found in Sutherland (N.C.), because of the very little air and light pollution.

Slide 1 cairoo softwareSlide 2 Google plusSlide 8 source unknownSlide 9 a sciencephotolibrarySlide 9 b sciencelives.comSlide 15 CAIROO softwareSlide 16 CAIROO softwareSlide 17 cairoo softwareSlide 18 CAIROO softwareSlide 19 tumblr

Textbook: Andries Olivier, Grade 8 workbook, 2012

Images: attempt has been made to acknowledge all sources, if an image's source could not be found, it was acknowledged as such.

Slide 20 worldofteaching.comSlide 21 Lily KotzeSlide 23 worldofteaching.comSlide 25 shirt.woot!Slide 28 Lily KotzeSlide 30 unknown sourceSlide 31 worldofteaching.comSlide 33 worldofteaching.comSlide 34 worldofteaching.comSlide 39 Lily Kotze