dr. rose mary francies associate professor department of...

KERALA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITYCOLLEGE OF HORTICULTURE

VELLANIKKARA, THRISSUR 680 656, INDIA

Dr. Rose Mary FranciesAssociate Professor

Department of Plant Breeding & Genetics

S. INDIA

KERALA

““KeraKera”” -- CoconutsCoconuts

KERALAKERALA

North Latitude: 8North Latitude: 8OO 1818’’ –– 1212OO 4848’’

East Longitude Latitude: 74East Longitude Latitude: 74OO 5252’’ –– 7777OO 2222’’

ElevationElevation : 1 m below MSL (Kuttanad) : 1 m below MSL (Kuttanad)

to > 750 m above MSLto > 750 m above MSL

Annual Rainfall : 2203mm Annual Rainfall : 2203mm –– 3584mm 3584mm

( 3228mm average)( 3228mm average)

Population Population : Total 3,33,87,677: Total 3,33,87,677

Sex RatioSex Ratio : 1000:1084 : 1000:1084

Literates Literates : Total 2,82,34,227: Total 2,82,34,227

KERALAKERALA

‘‘GODS OWN COUNTRYGODS OWN COUNTRY’’

LAND OF SPICES & COCONUTSLAND OF SPICES & COCONUTS

LAND OF LAND OF DIVERSITYDIVERSITY

Geographic diversity

Diversity in Architecture

Diversity- art forms

Traditional food – Sadya

Red RicePulsesVegetablesDiary-Curd based currysFruit-Bananas

Agro-biodiversity

Kerala lies between 8o

to 12o N latitude and 74o to 77o E longitude with a length of 590 km along the coast

REPRESENTATIVE OF HUMID TROPICS

KERALA

Arabian sea

Thrissur

TamilNadu

FOUR PHYSIOGRAPHIC FOUR PHYSIOGRAPHIC DIVISIONSDIVISIONS

LOW LANDLOW LAND-- < 7.5m above MSL and areas < 7.5m above MSL and areas below MSL; 10 % of land areabelow MSL; 10 % of land area

MID LAND MID LAND --7.5 to 75m above MSL;42% land area7.5 to 75m above MSL;42% land area

HIGH LAND HIGH LAND --7575-- 750 m above 750 m above MSL; 41% land areaMSL; 41% land area

HIGH RANGESHIGH RANGES-- 750m above MSL ;750m above MSL ; 7% of land area7% of land area

COLLEGE OF HORTICULTUREVELLANIKKARA, THRISSUR

TeachingResearchExtension

Thrissur-Central Zone

Area under rice: 3.49 Lakh hac

Production : 7.71 Lakh Tonnes/annum

Productivity : 2203kg/ha

Rice in Kerala

Myself – Rice breeder

Research projects involved in:

• Genetic conservation of rice germplasm - collection, maintenance, catalouging and evaluation.

• Conservation of genetic diversity of rice in Kerala

(Wild sp/ Land races/ improved land races / elite lines / hybrid derivatives)

1000 rice lines – IRRI (1976)NATP on Bio-diversity (1999-2002)

KAU,VellanikkaraKAU,VellanikkaraNat. Seminar. 29Nat. Seminar. 29thth Oct Oct 20092009

Traditional rice Traditional rice wealth of Keralawealth of Kerala

Array of ecological Array of ecological nichesniches

Vast diversity of Vast diversity of germplasmgermplasm

Deep water rice Upland rice

Lowland rice

KAU,VellanikkaraKAU,VellanikkaraNat. Seminar. 29Nat. Seminar. 29thth Oct Oct 20092009

Spectrum of diversity in RiceSpectrum of diversity in Rice

KAU,VellanikkaraKAU,VellanikkaraNat. Seminar. 29Nat. Seminar. 29thth Oct Oct 20092009

Drought tolerant ricesDrought tolerant rices

Parapilarppan, Kochuvithu, Kattamodan, Karuthamodan,Arimodan,KarimodanK aravala, Karanellu/Erinellu, Vykatharyan, Chuvannavattan, Veluthavattan,Parambuvattan.

Salinity Tolerant ricesPokkali, Oorumundakan, Eravapandy, Orpandy ,

Orkayama, Chettivirippu, Cheruvirippu, Kuruka , Anakodan, Kuthiruvithu, Mundon etc.

Deep water riceKuttadan, Kodiyan, Vellathil Cheera,

Vellathil Kolappala, VellamThangi, Thavalakkannan, Vellakkoli, Karuthakoli

Rice varieties resistant to pests Rice varieties resistant to pests and diseasesand diseases

Thekkan, Eravappanndy, Orpandy, Thekkancheera,Veluthacheera, Vellathilcheera,Karivennel, Kochuvithu, Arikkirai, Chitteni

Commercial possibilities of Commercial possibilities of traditional rice varietiestraditional rice varieties

Medicinal RicesMedicinal Rices

Health RicesHealth Rices

Diabetic ricesDiabetic rices

Quality rices for Quality rices for specific purposesspecific purposes

(Breakfast cereals(Breakfast cerealsSpecial foods etc)Special foods etc)

Scented ricesScented rices

Navara & Chennellu are the known Navara & Chennellu are the known traditional medicinal rice varieties traditional medicinal rice varieties in Kerala in Kerala

USED WIDELY IN AYURVEDAUSED WIDELY IN AYURVEDA AND SOME HOME REMEDIESAND SOME HOME REMEDIES

BUT NOT KNOWN TO THE BUT NOT KNOWN TO THE SCIENTIFIC WORLDSCIENTIFIC WORLD

PRODUCED IN SMALLER PRODUCED IN SMALLER QUANTIESQUANTIES

USED IN A HIGHLY LOCALISED USED IN A HIGHLY LOCALISED MANNERMANNER

GENETIC PURITY AND SEED GENETIC PURITY AND SEED QUALITY POORLY QUALITY POORLY MAINTAINEDMAINTAINED AT ON FARM AT ON FARM

KAU,VellanikkaraKAU,VellanikkaraNat. Seminar. 29Nat. Seminar. 29thth Oct Oct 20092009

Intervention of KAUIntervention of KAU GenotypicGenotypic studiesstudies

Clearly distinguished cultivars existsClearly distinguished cultivars exists

GoldenGolden--yellow glumes (NAVARA Yellow) & black yellow glumes (NAVARA Yellow) & black glumed (NAVARA BLACK). glumed (NAVARA BLACK).

Within the cultivar Within the cultivar there are two different there are two different forms forms --

awned & awnless..awned & awnless..

Lesser known Medicinal Rices of Lesser known Medicinal Rices of KeralaKerala

Kunjinellu Kunjinellu

Erumakkari, KamaalErumakkari, Kamaal

Karuthachambavu Karuthachambavu

Jathisuggi ,KolaranJathisuggi ,Kolaran

KavunginpoothalaKavunginpoothala

Challenges in Commercialisation of Medicinal rices

Genetic purification and Quality seed supply

Need for productivity enhancement (Very low yield )

Chemical/ Biochemical analysis of varieties

Attempts in Clinical validation

Value addition and Product development

Market survey and Networking

Training and Capacity building

Health RicesHealth Rices

The red rice varieties The red rice varieties of Kerala have thicker of Kerala have thicker pericarp and are pericarp and are believed to contain believed to contain higher amounts of higher amounts of minerals and vitamins minerals and vitamins ((B vitamins thiamin, riboflavin and B vitamins thiamin, riboflavin and niacin)niacin). .

FibreFibre--richrich

KAU,VellanikkaraKAU,VellanikkaraNat. Seminar. 29Nat. Seminar. 29thth Oct Oct 20092009

Red rice vs White riceRed rice vs White rice

Type of rice Protein (g/100g)

Iron (mg/100g)

Zinc (mg/100g)

Fibre (g/100g)

White – polished*

6.8 1.2 0.5 0.6

Brown* 7.9 2.2 0.5 2.8

Red** 7.0 5.5 3.3 2.0

Purple** 8.3 3.9 2.2 1.4

Black* 8.5 3.5 - 4.9

Sources: * = Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)food composition table; ** = Chinese food composition table

Breakfast itemsBreakfast items

Thekkan( Beaten Rice /Aval)Thekkan( Beaten Rice /Aval)

Kavunginpoothala Kavunginpoothala (Puffed Rice/ Rajbhogha)(Puffed Rice/ Rajbhogha)

Diabetic Rice

Kavunginpoothala

Navara

Jeerakasala, Gandasala, Velumbala, Chomala, Pookkulathari, Neycheera, Kothampalari kayamaKayama

Scented rices

1.1. Identify NAVARA and such profitable Identify NAVARA and such profitable cultivars as the Flagship varieties to cultivars as the Flagship varieties to protect paddy fieldsprotect paddy fields

2.2. Strengthen community level rice Strengthen community level rice cultivars cultivars ‘‘On farmOn farm’’ conservationconservation

3.3. Improve these variety and make more Improve these variety and make more acceptable for wider useacceptable for wider use

4.4. Study the socialStudy the social--economic and socioeconomic and socio-- cultural context of cultivation and cultural context of cultivation and utilisation of Speciality ricesutilisation of Speciality rices

The Strategies and Actions for commercialization of NAVARA & Other Traditional Rices

-What KAU is trying to do …….

6.6. Do Genetic purification and Do Genetic purification and Quality seed supplyQuality seed supply

7.7. Establish community level seed Establish community level seed banks for Navara rice cultivarsbanks for Navara rice cultivars

8.8. Legal protection through relevant Legal protection through relevant ActsActs

9.9. Undertake attempts in Clinical Undertake attempts in Clinical validationvalidation

10.10. Undertake Chemical/ Biochemical Undertake Chemical/ Biochemical analysis of varietiesanalysis of varieties

What KAU is trying to do …….

What KAU is trying to do What KAU is trying to do …………..

11.11. Do Value addition and ProductDo Value addition and Productdevelopment development

12.12. Undertake Market survey and Undertake Market survey and Networking Networking

13.13. Build partnerships between Build partnerships between Scientists, Farmers, Healers, Scientists, Farmers, Healers, Rice based entrepreneurs & Rice based entrepreneurs & policy makerspolicy makers

Other projects involved

•Evolving high yielding multiple resistant rice varieties through gene pyramiding

Rice- Gene Pyramiding to develop cultivarswith durable resistance to Bacterial LeafBlight through Marker - assisted selection

RKVY Project (A):

Strengthening of Food security via Farmer/ Student Participatory Seed ProductionProgramme in Rice

RKVY Sub-Project (B):Performance assessment of Varieties and Cultures of paddy suitable for Uplands

Rice- Gene Pyramiding to develop cultivarswith durable resistance to Bacterial LeafBlight through Marker - assisted selection