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© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID 1

IPTV / IPMulticast End-to-End

Greg Shepherd (shep@cisco.com)

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID 2

Agenda

IPTV Deployments

Impact of Packet Loss on MPEG2 Frames

Network Impairment Contributors

CRS IPMulticast Test Data

Summary

Future Challenges

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID 3

IPTV Deployments today

Two schools of thought in deployments today:1) I think I need 50ms cvg

2) IPMulticast is fast enough

IPMulticast is UDPThe only acceptable loss is 0ms

How much is “reasonable”?

50ms “requirement” is not a video requirementLegacy telco voice requirement

Efforts for 50ms only cover a limited portion network events

Where to put the effort?Make IPMulticast better?

Improve the transport?

Add layers of network complexity to improve core convergence?

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID 4

Agenda

IPTV Deployments

Impact of Packet Loss on MPEG2 Frames

Network Impairment Contributors

CRS IPMulticast Convergence Test Data

Summary

Future Challenges

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID 5

0% Packet Loss

Impact of Packet Loss on MPEG Stream

0.5 % Packet Loss

5 % Packet Loss

Video is very susceptible to IP Impairments

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID 6

Impact of Packet Loss on MPEG Stream

Compressed Digitized Video is sent as I, B, P Frames I-frames: contain full picture information

Transmit I frames approximately every 15 frames (GOP interval)

P-frames: predicted from past I or P frames B-frames: use past and future I or P frames

I B B P B B P B B P B BI B B P B B P B B P B B

I-frame loss “corrupts” P/B frames for the entire GOP

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID 7

Impact of Packet Loss on MPEG Stream

Example Assumptions:MPEG2 stream CBR = 4.8828Mbps

MPEG2 IP stream pps = 427.35pps

L3 pkt_size = 1487Bytes (encap IP + UDP + RTP)

GOP-size-in-msec 480

GOP-size-in-pkts 205

Network events create correlated packet loss, not random single packet loss.

What’s the relationship between network CVG time and I-frame loss?

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID 8

MPEG Frame Impact from Packet Loss

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

120%

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450

Impairment (ms)

% Chance of Lost Frame

I-Frame

P-Frame

B-Frame

32%

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID 9

MPEG Frame Impact from Packet Loss

P/B frame loss is less noticeableError concealment techniques in the receiver can mask some

I-Frames loss is more problematicI-frame loss can result in an entire GOP loss

A single packet lost from an I-frame corrupts the entire I-frame

I-frame (GOP) loss can result in blank screen for 1-2 secs

50ms is a phantom goal32% chance of I-frame loss

..another way..

32% of your streams will have 1-2 sec blank screen outage

Why then is this a goal for some?

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID 10

Agenda

IPTV Deployments

Impact of Packet Loss on MPEG2 Frames

Network Impairment Contributors

CRS IPMulticast Convergence Test Data

Summary

Future Challenges

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID 11

What are the Impairment Contributors?

Link Failures

Node Failures

Random Uncorrected Bit Errors

Congestion

How do we measure these?

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID 12

What are the Impairment Contributors?

1st: Need Quantify ImpairmentsNeed some “standard”

Relevant to viewers’ experience

# Impairments per 2 hoursRepresentative of a typical movie duration

Allow for comparing contributions over a standard window of time

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID 13

What are the Impairment Contributors?

Some Assumptions / Some Industry Standard Data / Some Customer Experience Data

Total Value Across a Typical Provider Network

Trunk Failures - .0010 Imp/2hr

HW Card Failures - .0003 Imp/2hr

SW Failures - .0012 Imp/2hr

NSF/SSO reduces the realized amount of this contribution

SW Upgrades - .0037 Imp/2hr

Modular code (IOS-XR) reduces the realized amount of this contribution

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID 14

What are the Impairment Contributors?

Uncorrected Bit Errors - 11.4629 Imp/2hrs"Video over IP" by WesSimpson (page 238) - 10-10 per trunk

Trunk Failures: .0010HW Failures: .0003SW Failures: .0012Maintenance: .0037Total: .0062 Imp/2hrs

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID 15

Network Impairment Contributors

All HW/SW/Link failures combined do not compare to uncorrected bit errors

Last-mile networks often most significant contributors

SW failures/Maintenance each contribute much more than link failures

Stable, modular software with NSF/SSO can reduce this contribution even further

Fast convergence in the core is a worthy goalImproves core-contributed artifacts

Need to consider the balance of a solid platform vs. layered complexity

Solid performing platform is more important than complex protocol solutions

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID 16

Agenda

IPTV Deployments

Impact of Packet Loss on MPEG2 Frames

Network Impairment Contributors

CRS IPMulticast Convergence Test Data

Summary

Future Challenges

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID 17

Internal CRS Multicast Convergence Test

Typical customer topologies

Most tree repairs are single-hop repairs

Typical customer network configurations

2500 IGP routes

250k BGP routes

Tests of 400 - 4000 (S,G) SSM entries

ISIS Prefix Prioritization

Loopbacks

Multicast source prefixes

Not yet in OSPF

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID 18

Summary across all available CRS1 data

And most important… CRS1 SSM Convergence is rather quick!

SSM Convergence as a function of the number of IPTV channels

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

1A ACL 400 isis2500bgp250k

1A ACL 800 isis2500bgp250k

1A ACL 4000 isis2500bgp250k

ms

max of max

median of median

4000 IPTV channels

800 IPTV channels

400 IPTV channels

2500 IGP, 250k BGP

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID 19

Summary across all available CRS1 data

UC has negligible impact on MC behavior whether 2500 or 5000 ISIS prefixes

Number of IGP prefixes does not impact SSM convergence

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

1A ACL 400 isis2500bgp250k

1A ACL 800 isis2500bgp250k

1A ACL 4000 isis2500bgp250k

1A ACL 400 isis5000bgp250k

1A ACL 800 isis5000bgp250k

1A ACL 4000 isis5000bgp250k

ms

max of max

median of median

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID 20

MPEG Frame Impact from Packet Loss

Competitor systems can take 1sec or MORE to converge 400 (S,G) entries

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

120%

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

Impairment (ms)

% Chance of Lost Frame

I-Frame

P-Frame

B-Frame

100%

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID 21

IPMcast QOS Requirements

Network congestion is not a significant impairment contributor

..normally..

BUT it is a necessary safety-net

On-network multicast traffic is well knownFlows, rates, sources..

Access can sycronize/spike“Mother’s day” events

Real-time (VoIP) traffic should not suffer from other traffic events

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID 22

Triple-PlayQOS test assumptions

Support 4 classes of service with a strict priority relationship between these classes as follows:

Unicast High > Multicast High > Multicast Low > Unicast Low

ie: Voip > Premium Vid > Broadcast Vid > Access

Full line rate performance is expected for all traffic transmitted in each class when uncongested.

No effects observed on higher class performance due to traffic transmission on a lower class.

No effect on unicast traffic, nor should the unicast traffic effect the multicast traffic.

Congested interface should not affect same multicast flow(s) destined to adjacent uncongested interfaces.

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID 23

QOS Test Configuration 2

SPIRENTAX-4000-

Port 2

HPM,LPM

LPU

HPU + HPM + LPM + LPU = 100%HPU + HPM + LPM + LPU > 100%

TenGigE0/0/0/3

TenGigE0/0/0/1

TenGigE0/0/0/0

SPIRENTAX-4000

Port 3

Port 1

CRS-1

TenGigE0/0/0/4 Port 4

TenGigE0/0/0/5 Port 5

TenGigE0/0/0/6 Port 6

HPU

Strict Priority order for droppingHPU > HPM > LPM > LPU

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID 24

QOS Test 2 - 1of3

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

1 12 23 34 45 56 67 78 89 100 111 122 133 144 155 166 177 188 199 210 221 232 243

HPU_bitrate(Gb)

HPM_bitrate(Gb)

LPM_bitrate(Gb)

LPU_bitrate(Gb)

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID 25

QOS Test 2 - 2of3

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

HPU_bitrate(Gb)

HPM_bitrare(Gb)

LPM_bitrate(Gb)

LPU_bitrate(Gb)

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID 26

QOS Test 2 - 3of3

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

HPU_bitrate(Gb)

HPM_bitrate(Gb)

LPM_bitrate(Gb)

LPU_bitrate(Gb)

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID 27

QOS Test 2 - Port 4

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

1 20 39 58 77 96 115 134 153 172 191 210 229 248 267 286 305 324 343 362 381 400 419

HPM_bitrate(Gb)

LPM_bitrate(Gb)

QOS profile is maintained on the adjacent interface with zero packet loss of the higher priority traffic.

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID 28

QOS Test Configuration 3

SPIRENTAX-4000-

Port 2

HPU, LPM

LPU

HPU + HPM + LPM + LPU = 100%HPU + HPM + LPM + LPU > 100%

TenGigE0/0/0/2

TenGigE0/0/0/1

TenGigE0/0/0/0

SPIRENTAX-4000

Port 3

Port 1

CRS-1

HPU = 55%, LPM = 30%, LPU= 5%HPM step from 10% to 90%

HPM

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID 29

QOS Test Configuration 3

SPIRENTAX-4000-

Port 2

HPU, LPM

LPU

HPU + HPM + LPM + LPU = 100%HPU + HPM + LPM + LPU > 100%

TenGigE0/0/0/2

TenGigE0/0/0/1

TenGigE0/0/0/0

SPIRENTAX-4000

Port 3

Port 1

CRS-1

Test parameters: Rate: Data traffic for HPU,LPM and LPU is fixed at 5.5Gb/s, 3.0Gb/s and 0.5Gb/s respectively. HPM traffic follows square wave pattern from 1.0Gb/s for 30secs to 9Gb/s for 20secs to represent bursty HPM traffic

Packet size: 220 bytes for HPU, 1496 for HPM, LPM and LPU

HPM

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID 30

QOS Test 3

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

1 23 45 67 89 111 133 155 177 199 221 243 265 287 309 331 353 375 397 419 441 463 485 507

HPU_bitrate(Gb)

HPM_bitrate(Gb)

LPM_bitrate(Gb)

LPU_bitrate(Gb)

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID 31

CRS IPMulticast Test Summary

CRS is the IPTV / IPMcast Industry Leader

IPMcast convergence is exceptionally fastAnd improving through constant engineering efforts

No need to chase phantom numbers

QOS performance is unmatched

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID 32

Agenda

IPTV Deployments

Impact of Packet Loss on MPEG2 Frames

Network Impairment Contributors

CRS IPMulticast Test Data

Summary

Future Challenges

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID 33

IPTV Deployments today

Native IPMulticast performance in the CRS is a driving factor

Mcast PPS

Fan-out

IPMcast convergence

Unicast/Mcast QOS

200 - 1000 (S,G)s is typical

Cable, DSL, and Satellite

The largest is testing 10,000 (S,G)s as its goal

Has chosen native IPMcast over PtMP

High performance of the CRS (exceeded requirements)

Simple to configure, maintain, operate, etc..

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID 34

IPTV Deployments Today

Beginning to see the 50ms “requirement” disbandedScalability and stability of CRS/XR

Simplicity of IPMcast

Overlay solutions do not reduce frequency of impairments

Never reaches 0 loss (never really reaches the 50ms goal)

May doesn’t address link-up transitions

Adds excessive network and operational complexity for little gain

Selecting the right platform is the best solution

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID 35

Agenda

IPTV Deployments

Impact of Packet Loss on MPEG2 Frames

Network Impairment Contributors

CRS IPMulticast Test Data

Summary

Future Challenges

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID 36

Future Challenges

Current IPTV is a value added serviceOn-net injection

PPV or local Advertising Revenue

Walled GardenEdge provider “owns” the customer

Will this last?

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID 37

Future Challenges

VoipVideoAccess

Access bandwidth is driven by competition

Access bandwidth rapidly surpassing video bandwidth

Video bandwidth is semi-bounded

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID 38

Future Challenges

IPTV works as a Value Added service today

Access bandwidth growth opens up new applications

Over-the-top video is already here - in some form..Joost, MacTV, YouTube, BitTorrent, AMT

More available bandwidth will only improve these applications

DVRs are changing how people watch TV

Consumers don’t care how their DVRs are populated

Will live-TV be relevant in the future?

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID 39

Future Challenges

How does a provider say in the food-chain?

Continue to expand content offeringStay ahead of the curve

Open IPMcast transport to off-net contentLook for key strategic content partners

Integrated Directory APICisco/SciAtl

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID 40

Thank You