donor selection

Safe and Healthy Blood Donors Safe and Healthy Blood Donors Selection criteria.Selection criteria.

Mehwish ARSHADMehwish ARSHADTRAINEE TECHNOLOGIST.TRAINEE TECHNOLOGIST.

Donor selection determines the eligibility of a donor to donate blood.

Types of blood donors

Blood Donors

• Voluntary Donors –Donate Blood on their own• Replacement Donors : from within the

patient’s own family or community• Autologous Blood Donor -Are patients who

donate their own blood for self• Apheresis Donor- Donate blood components

through the process of cell separation• Professional Donors -means a person who

donates blood for a valuable consideration, in cash or kind, for any source, on behalf of the recipient patient includes a paid donor or a commercial donor.

• Voluntary Non Remunerated Blood Donors are the low risk donors for

• Safe blood • Sustainable blood Supply

Replacement Donors-not a preferred system

• Risks of professional Donors. • Risk of hidden information

Policies and Guidelines

Donor RecruitmentDonor RetentionDonor SelectionBlood CollectionDonor Counseling

An adequate supply of low risk donors requires

A donor recruitment program A dedicated recruitment section with

trained staff

The quality of the BTS is influenced by the quality of each of the links

Blood donors

Collection

Processing

Screening and testing

Transfusion

Blood safety

The first & the most important step, in ensuring that blood and its products for transfusion do not have any pathogenic virus/bacteria, is the PROPER SELECTION of BLOOD DONORS.

Donor selection should be done carefully.

The donor should be in good health to avoid any untoward effect to the donor or to the recipient.

Pre Donation Information

Documents to give information to donors

General advice Pre- and post- donation Information about giving blood

Deferral information Self- deferral on the basis of medical condition Self- deferral on the basis of risk behavior

• Registration, consent of the donor & demographic information.

• Medical history• Physical examination.• Laboratory tests

Demographic information: So that the donor can be informed of any laboratory test abnormality or can be called for future donation.

Donor’s name Father’s/Husband’s name Date of birth/Age Gender : Male/Female Residential & Office address with phone

numbers.

Donor selection criteria are essential Based on accepted regional/ international practice

Protect the donor Ensures that it is safe for the donor to

donate Protect the recipient

Ensures that any risk of transfusion- transmittedinfection or other adverse effect is minimized

Medical interview-Collection of information on health and behaviour for Critical assessment of donors regarding fitness What to ask and why Maintain confidentiality

Good relationship comes from trust Personal interviews should not be overheard Maintain right of each donor to privacy

Medical examination

Haemoglobin testing

Weight

Medical Interview Are you at present in good health? When did you eat last? Are you taking any medicine? Have you been vaccinated recently? Have you ever suffered a convulsion or

mental disorder? Have you ever had jaundice? Have you lost significant weight loss in

last six months ?

Should not have been treated for rabies in the past one yearbe treated for Malaria in the past three monthshave had any immunizations in the last one monthhave had any dental treatmenthave taken Aspirin in the past 72 hourshave diabetes, heart disease or high BP, cancer, blood

clotting problem or blood diseasehave TB, bronchial asthma or allergic disorder, liver

disease, kidney disease, fits or fainting

Should not• have cough, influenza or sore throat, common cold at

the time of blood donation• have taken any antibiotics or any other medications

(Allopathic or Ayurveda or Sidha or Homeo) in the past 48 hours

• have taken alcoholic beverages in the past 24 hours• be pregnant or breast feeding or donate during her

menstrual cycles• have donated blood in past 3 months

Donor should be in good health. Age -18 - 60 years Haemoglobin - not less than 12.5 g/dL Pulse - between 50 and 100/minute with no irregularities Blood Pressure -Systolic 100-180 mm Hg and Diastolic 50 - 100 mm Hg Temperature - Normal Body weight - ≥ 45 kgs. ( for 350 ml.) ≥ 60 kgs. ( for 450 ml. ) Both male and female can donate blood Skin at the venepuncture site should be free from any lesion or

scar of needle. Any pricks may indicate drug

Temporarily Defer the donor if history of

Major surgery – six months Minor surgery – three monthsDonated blood – 3 months. Tooth extraction/manipulation–3 daysReceived blood or blood component

transfusion – 1yrAspirin – defer if taken within last 3 days for

component preparation /plateletpheresis .

Temporarily Defer the donor with

History of malaria for three months after treatment and cessation of symptoms .

Tuberculosis for five years after complete treatment and cessation of symptoms.

Permanently Defer Donors with history of Heart disease : Coronary disease,

Rheumatic heart disease, Cardiac medication, cardiac surgeryHypertensionEndocrine :diabetes, hyperthyroidismMalignancyHigh risk group donors for HIV infection

Permanently Defer Donors with history ofChronic renal failureChronic liver disease Stomach ulcer Bleeding tendencies Severe allergic disorder, AsthmaMedications : anticoagulants,

anticonvulsants, immuno suppressives, cardiac medications.

Donor should meet all the acceptable criteria for routine whole blood donation however :

Age of the donor-18 to 50 years.Weight of the donor-> than 55-60kg.TTI Results - non-reactive The pre-procedure platelet count should

be more than 150,000 per cubic mm.

Donor should not have taken aspirin or any other platelet inhibitor in last 72 hours.

The donor should not be fasting prior to the procedure,

Donor should have a prominent and easily accessible central anticubital vein in at least one of the arm.

The minimum time gap between two blood donations should be 12 weeks/3 months

Whole blood donation must be deferred for at least 72 hours after plateletpheresis

In case of re-infusion failure, donor should not donate whole blood for 12 weeks

Donor care – before, during and after donation Donating blood should be a pleasant experience The venue must be a safe place for the donor The venue must be comfortable & clean.

Adequately Address Adverse reactions Facilities to deal with any reactions during or after

donation

DONOR CARE-BEFORE DONATION

Everyone involved in interviewing & counselling should develop a friendly & tactful approach that encourages donors to be honest & accurate in their answers to questions about their medical history.The health check should always be handled professionally so that the donors feel they are in good handsBe sensitive to the donors feelings of fear & embarrassmentNo chatting with other staff & ignoring the donor 

DONOR CARE-DURING DONATION

Staff must be trained in interpersonal skills and should always be smart & clean in appearance with high standard of personal hygieneStaff should have pleasant manners & be capable of conversing freely with donors at the time of donation. An act of carelessness or lack of professionalism by staff during or after donation can be detrimental to the donors coming back again to donate blood.

Observe the donor for 8-10 minutes on the donor chair

to prevent adverse reactions. Observe for another 10 minutes in the

refreshment area whilst Donor has refreshment . Inspect the venepuncture site before the donor

leaves the donor room.

Ask the donor to write his comments/suggestions in the donor refreshment register

Thank donors WITH APPRECIATION so that they are motivated and encouraged to become repeat regular voluntary blood donor.

Post donation instruction to the donor before leaving blood bank

Drink more fluid in next 24 hours.Do not smoke for1/2 hour after donation.Continue with daily routine work but avoid strenuous exercise e.g. Weight lifting for 24 hours.Do not drive for at least half an hour.Volume lost due to blood donation is replenished by 48 hours. Can safely donate again after three months.Report to blood bank in case of any adverse reaction.

Document adverse reaction if any on the donor card and donor register.

Donor SatisfactionDonor Satisfaction

Congenial Congenial atmosphereatmosphere

CourteousCourteous and trained and trained staffstaff

Care and Comfort Care and Comfort

ConfidentialityConfidentiality

CounselingCounseling

Constant Constant feed backfeed back

ContinuousContinuous efforts efforts