do now date: 10/20 do now: how is it possible that a blonde child can be born to parents who both...
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DO NOWDate:10/20
DO NOW:How is it possible that a blonde child can be born to parents who both have brown hair?
7th Grade Science
Oct 20, 2014
ESSENTIAL QUESTION:What creates diversity among offspring?
OBJECTIVES:-Video on advantages of Asexual Reproduction-Investigation: Dresophila Fly Fornication
Video: Advantages of Asexual Reproduction(watching only up to 2min 30sec.)
Vocabulary Review
Phenotype: Curly wings, white eyes, tan body.
Possible Genotype:
AA, rr, BB
AA, rr, Bb
Aa, rr, BB
Aa, rr, Bb
Dominant Recessive
Wings A = curly a=straight
Eye Color R = red r = white
Body Color B = tan b = yellow
How is this genotype different than the others?
VOCABULARY REVIEW
Allele: a version of one geneExample: curly wing allele = AExample: straight wing allele = a
Homozygous: having identical alleles or versions of a gene for a traitExample: Homozygous Dominant (AA)Example: Homozygous Recessive (aa)
Heterozygous: having different alleles or versions of a gene for a traitExample: Heterozygous (Aa)
“Homo” = Same
“Hetero” = Different
Investigation
1. Tape the investigation handouts into your composition book. Make your notebook look like this picture.
2. Read introduction and answer the pre-lab questions.
Tape here only
Investigation: Sexual Reproduction
1. Each pair will get a nucleus (paper cup) with 4 allele pairs (red/yellow coins).
2. Shake up the cups and dump them out on the table (make sure the male and female alleles don’t get mixed up!)
3. Record the genotype and phenotype on your handout.
4. Repeat until you have data for 4 offspring.
5. Color your fruit fly drawings to match the offspring you created.
MaleNucleus
Alleles
FemaleNucleus
OffspringNucleus
R r
R R
a a
Investigation: Asexual Reproduction
1. Close your eyes and select both chromosomes from the ONLY the female’s nucleus.
2. Record the genotype and phenotype on your handout.
3. Repeat until you have data for 2 offspring.
4. Color your fruit fly pictures to match your offspring.
FemaleNucleus
r r
r r
Asexual vs. Sexual Reproduction
Draw a line between groups of offspring. Label the first 4 offspring that had TWO PARENTS as SEXUAL REPRODUCTION: DIVERSE
Label the offspring with ONE PARENT as ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION: UNIFORM
Asexual vs. Sexual ReproductionAs
exua
l Re
prod
uctio
n:
UN
IFO
RM
Sexu
al
Repr
oduc
tion:
D
IVER
SE
Investigation: Conclusion
Answer the questions below using complete sentences.
1) Compare the offspring made by sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction.
2) Explain why the offspring made by sexual reproduction differ from asexual reproduction.
3) Imagine a virus infects both populations of offspring and kills only red eyed flies. Which population of offspring is most likely to survive: the population of sexually or asexually reproducing flies? Explain your answer.
Conclusion Questions
Exit Ticket
• How are the offspring of sexual reproduction different from the offspring of asexual reproduction?
DO NOWDate:10/21
Q:
A:
DO NOW:What are some of the different phenotypes in your family?
Are there any members in your family that look different than all the others?
Explain why you think that is.
Oct 21
ESSENTIAL QUESTION:What creates diversity among offspring?
OBJECTIVES:-Punnett square practice-Two-column notes on types of reproduction-Compare the types of reproduction in a mind map
Video
Asexual Reproduction
NOTES: Sexual and Asexual Reproduction
Expectations:-Level 1 Voice-DO NOT visit any other websites during your
note taking.-Stay on task
Heredity is the passing of traits from parent to offspring.
Heredity is responsible for how you have your mother’s eyes and your father’s smile. Along with this inherited similarity though, there is also
variation, as we are not exact clones of our mothers and fathers.
The Father of Genetics
Gregor Mendel was an Austrian monk who studied mathematics and science but became agardener in a monastery.
The Father of Genetics • Mendel thought there was a connection
between the flower color of a pea plant and the type of seed the plant produced.
• He began to experiment with garden peas in 1856.
• Mendel made careful use of experimental design to study pea plants and had the first recorded study of how traits pass from one generation to the next.
Reproduction - biological process by which new "offspring" (individual organisms) are produced from their "parents".
*It is the process by which an organism produces others of its same kind.
Reproduction
Turn to your partner and discuss the following questions:
• Do all organisms reproduce?
• Do all organisms reproduce in the same way?
Types of Reproduction
• Asexual - one parent– Offspring are UNIFORM
• Sexual - two parents– Offspring are DIVERSE
Asexual Reproduction: a type of reproduction in which a new organism is
produced from one parent and has the same DNA or genetic material as the parent.
Yeast cells dividing (budding) Spider plant offspring
Asexual Reproduction
• Requires only one parent• Offspring have 100% the same chromosomes
as the parent.– In other words, the offspring are exact “clones” of
the parent.– Mitosis– Movie
Asexual Reproduction
Advantages:• Animals that remain in one place and are unable to look for mates would
need to reproduce asexually.• Numerous offspring can be produced without "costing" the parent a great
amount of energy or time. This type of reproduction is also faster.• Environments that are stable and experience very little change are the best
places for organisms that reproduce asexually. Disadvantages:• Lack of genetic variation - all of the organisms are genetically identical and
therefore share the same weaknesses. • If the stable environment changes, the consequences could be deadly to all of
the individuals.
*Animals are not the only organisms that reproduce asexually. Yeasts, plants, and bacteria are capable of asexual reproduction as well.
Sexual reproduction: a type of reproduction in which two cells, usually
an egg and a sperm, join to form a new organism with its own genetic identity.
PlantAnimal
Sexual Reproduction
Advantage:• Allows genetic variation or diversity within a
species which assists with the species survivalDisadvantages:• Requires 2 parents• Reproduction is slower
Sexual Reproduction
• Most of the members of the Animal Kingdom– Fish– Mammals– Amphibians– Birds– Reptiles– Insects– Crustaceans
Sexual Reproduction
• Examples of organisms that reproduce sexually– Chickens– Iguanas– Lobsters– Sharks– Humans– Butterflies– Sunflowers– Roses
Sexual Reproduction
• Happens 2 ways– Internally (inside)
• The egg is fertilized by sperm inside the female– Mammals, birds, reptiles, insects, spiders
– Externally (outside)• The egg is fertilized by sperm outside the female• The female lays the eggs and then the male
fertilizes them.– Fish and some amphibians– Plants and fungi (pollen and spores)
Asexual Reproduction
• Examples of organisms that reproduce asexually– Hydra– Sea Star– Strawberry– Eubacteria– Euglena– Paramecium– Yeast
Types of Asexual Reproduction
• Fragmentation
Fragmentation is where a single parent breaks into parts that regenerate into whole new individuals. Ex. Planaria
Types of Asexual Reproduction
• Vegetative Propagation (Plant cuttings)
• http://leavingbio.net/VEGETATIVEPROPAGATION.htm
Vegetative reproduction is a type of asexual reproduction in plants where new parts grow from parts of the parent plant. It has long been used in horticulture and agriculture. Ex. Spider Plant
Types of Asexual Reproduction
• Binary Fission– Bacteria– Protists
Binary fission is a form of asexual reproduction where every organelle is copied and the organism divides in two.
Types of Asexual Reproduction
• Budding• Movie
Budding is where a new individual develops from an outgrowth of a parent, splits off, and lives independently.
Types of Asexual Reproduction
• Regeneration
Regeneration occurs when a body part has broken off and the organism grows a new one. Ex. Lizard Tail
*The ability to restore lost or damaged tissues, organs or limbs
A whole new starfish can grow from a single arm that was cut off a starfish organism.
A planarian is a tiny flatworm that lives in ponds. If a planarian is cut into pieces, each piece will grow into a new planarian.
Yeast are one-celled organisms that produce offspring from a bulge that forms and breaks away from the parent.
Exit Ticket
Which offspring, sexual or asexual, are likely to have genetic variation?
Which offspring will be identical?
DO NOWDate:10/22 10/23
What is the difference between sexual and asexual reproduction?
Use complete sentences.
ESSENTIAL QUESTION:How are traits passed from parents to offspring (children)?
OBJECTIVES:-DNA extraction lab-Review Vocabulary for Heredity.-Play Science BINGO using vocabulary
DNA Extraction Lab
Lab Director: Makes sure directions are being followed correctly.
Materials Manager: Gets materials and returns them. Makes sure all materials are accounted for.
Clean-up Manager: Assigns clean up duties as needed and does final clean check.
Time Keeper: Makes sure students stay on task and watches the clock.
DNA Extraction Lab
When you finish the procedures, clean your area and answer the questions at your desk.
SCIENCE BINGO!
genes
phenotype
phenotype
alleles
As you hear the definition of a word, check it off your paper. Any full horizontal, vertical, or diagonal line results in Bingo!
Fill in all of the empty spaces with one word from the back of your card. Words can be used twice, but not in the same row or column.
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