DO NOWDate:10/20

DO NOW:How is it possible that a blonde child can be born to parents who both have brown hair?

7th Grade Science

Oct 20, 2014

ESSENTIAL QUESTION:What creates diversity among offspring?

OBJECTIVES:-Video on advantages of Asexual Reproduction-Investigation: Dresophila Fly Fornication

Video: Advantages of Asexual Reproduction(watching only up to 2min 30sec.)

Vocabulary Review

Phenotype: Curly wings, white eyes, tan body.

Possible Genotype:

AA, rr, BB

AA, rr, Bb

Aa, rr, BB

Aa, rr, Bb

Dominant Recessive

Wings A = curly a=straight

Eye Color R = red r = white

Body Color B = tan b = yellow

How is this genotype different than the others?

VOCABULARY REVIEW

Allele: a version of one geneExample: curly wing allele = AExample: straight wing allele = a

Homozygous: having identical alleles or versions of a gene for a traitExample: Homozygous Dominant (AA)Example: Homozygous Recessive (aa)

Heterozygous: having different alleles or versions of a gene for a traitExample: Heterozygous (Aa)

“Homo” = Same

“Hetero” = Different

Investigation

1. Tape the investigation handouts into your composition book. Make your notebook look like this picture.

2. Read introduction and answer the pre-lab questions.

Tape here only

Investigation: Sexual Reproduction

1. Each pair will get a nucleus (paper cup) with 4 allele pairs (red/yellow coins).

2. Shake up the cups and dump them out on the table (make sure the male and female alleles don’t get mixed up!)

3. Record the genotype and phenotype on your handout.

4. Repeat until you have data for 4 offspring.

5. Color your fruit fly drawings to match the offspring you created.

MaleNucleus

Alleles

FemaleNucleus

OffspringNucleus

R r

R R

a a

Investigation: Asexual Reproduction

1. Close your eyes and select both chromosomes from the ONLY the female’s nucleus.

2. Record the genotype and phenotype on your handout.

3. Repeat until you have data for 2 offspring.

4. Color your fruit fly pictures to match your offspring.

FemaleNucleus

r r

r r

Asexual vs. Sexual Reproduction

Draw a line between groups of offspring. Label the first 4 offspring that had TWO PARENTS as SEXUAL REPRODUCTION: DIVERSE

Label the offspring with ONE PARENT as ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION: UNIFORM

Asexual vs. Sexual ReproductionAs

exua

l Re

prod

uctio

n:

UN

IFO

RM

Sexu

al

Repr

oduc

tion:

D

IVER

SE

Investigation: Conclusion

Answer the questions below using complete sentences.

1) Compare the offspring made by sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction.

2) Explain why the offspring made by sexual reproduction differ from asexual reproduction.

3) Imagine a virus infects both populations of offspring and kills only red eyed flies. Which population of offspring is most likely to survive: the population of sexually or asexually reproducing flies? Explain your answer.

Conclusion Questions

Exit Ticket

• How are the offspring of sexual reproduction different from the offspring of asexual reproduction?

DO NOWDate:10/21

Q:

A:

DO NOW:What are some of the different phenotypes in your family?

Are there any members in your family that look different than all the others?

Explain why you think that is.

Oct 21

ESSENTIAL QUESTION:What creates diversity among offspring?

OBJECTIVES:-Punnett square practice-Two-column notes on types of reproduction-Compare the types of reproduction in a mind map

Video

Asexual Reproduction

NOTES: Sexual and Asexual Reproduction

Expectations:-Level 1 Voice-DO NOT visit any other websites during your

note taking.-Stay on task

TWO COLUMN NOTES

Main Idea orVocabulary on the left

Details and definitions on the right

Heredity is the passing of traits from parent to offspring.

Heredity is responsible for how you have your mother’s eyes and your father’s smile. Along with this inherited similarity though, there is also

variation, as we are not exact clones of our mothers and fathers.

Offspring are the new organisms produced by

one or more parents. (children, babies, young)

The study of heredity in biologyis called genetics.

The Father of Genetics

Gregor Mendel was an Austrian monk who studied mathematics and science but became agardener in a monastery.

  

The Father of Genetics • Mendel thought there was a connection

between the flower color of a pea plant and the type of seed the plant produced.

• He began to experiment with garden peas in 1856.

• Mendel made careful use of experimental design to study pea plants and had the first recorded study of how traits pass from one generation to the next.

Reproduction - biological process by which new "offspring" (individual organisms) are produced from their "parents".

*It is the process by which an organism produces others of its same kind.

Reproduction

Turn to your partner and discuss the following questions:

• Do all organisms reproduce?

• Do all organisms reproduce in the same way?

Types of Reproduction

• Asexual - one parent– Offspring are UNIFORM

• Sexual - two parents– Offspring are DIVERSE

Asexual Reproduction: a type of reproduction in which a new organism is

produced from one parent and has the same DNA or genetic material as the parent.

Yeast cells dividing (budding) Spider plant offspring

Asexual Reproduction

• Requires only one parent• Offspring have 100% the same chromosomes

as the parent.– In other words, the offspring are exact “clones” of

the parent.– Mitosis– Movie

Asexual Reproduction

Advantages:• Animals that remain in one place and are unable to look for mates would

need to reproduce asexually.• Numerous offspring can be produced without "costing" the parent a great

amount of energy or time. This type of reproduction is also faster.• Environments that are stable and experience very little change are the best

places for organisms that reproduce asexually. Disadvantages:• Lack of genetic variation - all of the organisms are genetically identical and

therefore share the same weaknesses. • If the stable environment changes, the consequences could be deadly to all of

the individuals.

*Animals are not the only organisms that reproduce asexually. Yeasts, plants, and bacteria are capable of asexual reproduction as well.

Asexual Reproduction

• Gremlins Clip

Turn to your partner and discuss 1 new fact that you just learned about asexual

reproduction.

Sexual reproduction: a type of reproduction in which two cells, usually

an egg and a sperm, join to form a new organism with its own genetic identity.

PlantAnimal

Sexual Reproduction

Advantage:• Allows genetic variation or diversity within a

species which assists with the species survivalDisadvantages:• Requires 2 parents• Reproduction is slower

Sexual Reproduction

• Most of the members of the Animal Kingdom– Fish– Mammals– Amphibians– Birds– Reptiles– Insects– Crustaceans

Sexual Reproduction

• Examples of organisms that reproduce sexually– Chickens– Iguanas– Lobsters– Sharks– Humans– Butterflies– Sunflowers– Roses

Sexual Reproduction

• Happens 2 ways– Internally (inside)

• The egg is fertilized by sperm inside the female– Mammals, birds, reptiles, insects, spiders

– Externally (outside)• The egg is fertilized by sperm outside the female• The female lays the eggs and then the male

fertilizes them.– Fish and some amphibians– Plants and fungi (pollen and spores)

Asexual ReproductionExamples

Asexual Reproduction

• Examples of organisms that reproduce asexually– Hydra– Sea Star– Strawberry– Eubacteria– Euglena– Paramecium– Yeast

Types of Asexual Reproduction

• Fragmentation

Fragmentation is where a single parent breaks into parts that regenerate into whole new individuals. Ex. Planaria

Types of Asexual Reproduction

• Vegetative Propagation (Plant cuttings)

• http://leavingbio.net/VEGETATIVEPROPAGATION.htm

Vegetative reproduction is a type of asexual reproduction in plants where new parts grow from parts of the parent plant. It has long been used in horticulture and agriculture. Ex. Spider Plant

Types of Asexual Reproduction

• Binary Fission– Bacteria– Protists

Binary fission is a form of asexual reproduction where every organelle is copied and the organism divides in two.

Types of Asexual Reproduction

• Budding• Movie

Budding is where a new individual develops from an outgrowth of a parent, splits off, and lives independently.

Types of Asexual Reproduction

• Regeneration

Regeneration occurs when a body part has broken off and the organism grows a new one. Ex. Lizard Tail

*The ability to restore lost or damaged tissues, organs or limbs

A whole new starfish can grow from a single arm that was cut off a starfish organism.

A planarian is a tiny flatworm that lives in ponds. If a planarian is cut into pieces, each piece will grow into a new planarian.

Yeast are one-celled organisms that produce offspring from a bulge that forms and breaks away from the parent.

Exit Ticket

Which offspring, sexual or asexual, are likely to have genetic variation?

Which offspring will be identical?

DO NOWDate:10/22 10/23

What is the difference between sexual and asexual reproduction?

Use complete sentences.

ESSENTIAL QUESTION:How are traits passed from parents to offspring (children)?

OBJECTIVES:-DNA extraction lab-Review Vocabulary for Heredity.-Play Science BINGO using vocabulary

DNA Extraction Lab

Lab Director: Makes sure directions are being followed correctly.

Materials Manager: Gets materials and returns them. Makes sure all materials are accounted for.

Clean-up Manager: Assigns clean up duties as needed and does final clean check.

Time Keeper: Makes sure students stay on task and watches the clock.

DNA Extraction Lab

When you finish the procedures, clean your area and answer the questions at your desk.

Independent Practice

Sponge Bob Genetics Sheet

SCIENCE BINGO!

genes

phenotype

phenotype

alleles

As you hear the definition of a word, check it off your paper. Any full horizontal, vertical, or diagonal line results in Bingo!

Fill in all of the empty spaces with one word from the back of your card. Words can be used twice, but not in the same row or column.

DO NOWDate:10/19

Q: What creates diversity in offspring?

DO NOW:Describe the main difference between sexual and asexual reproduction in your own words. Use complete sentences.

7th grade Science

Oct 19, 2012