digital imaging, photography, videography. photography writing with light

Digital Imaging, Digital Imaging, Photography, Photography, VideographyVideography

PhotographyPhotography

Writing with light

Photography - What is it?Photography - What is it?

What are some of the things it is used for?– Visual Communication

Many different things to different people– Hobby, Avocation, Vocation, Work

Photography - HistoryPhotography - History

1839 -160 years of photographyUnique ability of silver to react to

light energyWilliam Henry Fox TalbotDaguerreEastman - Kodak

Subtractive PrimariesSubtractive Primaries

What is light?What is light?

Electromagnetic spectrum– 400-700 nm– Ultraviolet to Infrared

• UV shorter than 400 nm• IR longer than 700 nm

– Films & CCDs(sensors) can record extended range

Photography - What is it?Photography - What is it?

Traditional Process– Light reacts with silver halide– Creates latent image(invisible)– Chemical process develops image

• produce negative or positive

– Print made from negative• Photographic process repeated

Photography - What is it?Photography - What is it?

Digital Process– Light reacts with light sensor

• CCD, CMOS

– Image stored in memory– Image in memory downloaded or

viewed directly– Print made from digital file

Photographs are converted Photographs are converted to bitmapsto bitmapsororCaptured as bitmapsCaptured as bitmaps

Movies are captured as a Movies are captured as a series of bitmapsseries of bitmapsEach frame = bitmapEach frame = bitmap

Digital ImagesDigital Images

Pixels - Picture ElementPixels per inch

Computer GraphicsComputer GraphicsFile Types

–Bitmap

–Vector

BitmapsBitmaps

bmpjpegtiffgifPict(combo)Proprietary

Digital ImagesDigital Images

Dots per inchLines per inch

– Halftones

Lines per mmhttp://www.ahip.getty.edu/intro

_imaging/05-Res.html

VectorVectorEPS(?)AIPictCGMWMF

ScannersScannersDrumFlatbedFilm

ScannersScannersOptical resolutionInterpolated resolution

Scanning SoftwareScanning Software

Photoshop pluginPhoto DeluxeWang ImagingETC.

ScanningScanning

How much information do you need?How much information do you need?– Line Art(One Bit - B&W)Line Art(One Bit - B&W)

• Output resolutionOutput resolution

– Grayscale(254 shades of grey w/B&W)Grayscale(254 shades of grey w/B&W)• No more than 1.5 final LPINo more than 1.5 final LPI

– ColorColor• Same as grey scaleSame as grey scale

• Unless outputting to highUnless outputting to high resolution film recorderresolution film recorder

LPI is NOT DPILPI is NOT DPI

Storing Digital ImagesStoring Digital Images

MagneticOptical

–Archival

StorageStoragePhoto CDPhoto CD

– Five Resolutions up to 8X10Five Resolutions up to 8X10• $2.00 per image$2.00 per image

• 100 pictures per CD100 pictures per CD

Picture CDPicture CD– 1024X768 = 4X6 inch print1024X768 = 4X6 inch print

Picture DiskPicture Disk– 640X480 = Computer display640X480 = Computer display

ResolutionResolutionhttp://http://matsonematsone..csuhaywardcsuhayward..eduedu//

tmstms/imaging//imaging/dpidemodpidemo..htmhtm

Storage SizeStorage SizeMore bitsMore bits

–more informationmore information

Bigger sizeBigger size–more spacemore space

CompressionCompressionLossless for still picturesLossless for still pictures

–LZWLZWLossyLossy

–JPEGJPEG

–MPEGMPEG

• MPEG2 audio layer 3MPEG2 audio layer 3–MP3MP3

Digital CamerasDigital CamerasCCDCCDCMOSCMOS

Digital CamerasDigital Cameras

ResolutionResolution–Screen 640X480Screen 640X480

–Megapixel 1000x1000Megapixel 1000x1000• 3.3 M approx $8003.3 M approx $800

• Good quality 8X10Good quality 8X10

Digital CamerasDigital Cameras

$300 -1500$300 -1500

–Kodak, Apple, Ricoh, Epson, Kodak, Apple, Ricoh, Epson, OlympusOlympus

$3000-20,000$3000-20,000

–Nikon, Fuji, CanonNikon, Fuji, CanonDigital BackDigital Back

Digital CamerasDigital CamerasImage Storage in cameraImage Storage in camera

– SCSI HDSCSI HD

– Floppy DiskFloppy Disk

– Built-in RAMBuilt-in RAM

– Smart MediaSmart Media

– Memory Stick(SONY)Memory Stick(SONY)

Digital CamerasDigital Cameras

Image TransferImage Transfer– SerialSerial– SCSISCSI– ParallelParallel– USBUSB– Firewire-IEE 1394Firewire-IEE 1394– PCMCIA Card ReaderPCMCIA Card Reader

Digital CamerasDigital Cameras

Number of PhotosResolution of Photos

Digital CamerasDigital Cameras

Exposure ControlsLens

–Quality

–Zoom

–Digital Zoom/Optical Zoom

Digital CamerasDigital Cameras

Digital Video–Sony DVX 1000(Mini DV)

–Canon Optura(Mini DV)

–Sony Digital 8MM(D8)

Digital CamerasDigital Cameras

Digital Video–Storage tape

–CD-R

–DVD-R

Digital information

Analog CaptureAnalog Capture

Video cardRegular VCR(NTSC video)DAC(digital to analog

conversion)

Digital Stream CaptureDigital Stream Capture

FirewireAll ready digitalNo loss in DAC

Capture SoftwareCapture Software

PremiereVideo StudioiMovieFinal Cut ProETC.

Digital CamerasDigital CamerasVideo Storage

– SCSI HD

– IDE HD

– CD-R

– DVD-R

1-20 MB per second

Digital ImagesDigital ImagesInputProcessingOutput

Using Digital ImagesUsing Digital Images

PublicationPresentationElectronic PublicationEmailTraditional Output

Advanced UsesAdvanced UsesElectronic Delivery

–QTVR

–Streaming

PlaytimePlaytime

Olympus 3030–Still

–Movie

–Smart Media