digestive disease
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MUHAMAD QHAIRUL AQMAL BIN ROSMIN
AND
JOSHUA FERNANDEZ
PRESENTING :
Gastritis is an inflammation of the lining of the stomach,and has many possible causes. The main acute causesare excessive alcohol consumption or prolonged use ofnonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Sometimesgastritis develops after major surgery, traumatic injuryor burns
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS Symptoms of gastritis vary among individuals, and in many people
there are no symptoms. The most common symptoms include:
Nausea
Abdominal bloating
Abdominal pain
Vomiting
Indigestion
Burning or gnawing feeling in
the stomach between meals
or at night
Hiccups
Loss of appetite
Vomiting blood or coffee
ground-like material
Black, tarry stools
PREVENTION Avoid use of aspirin or NSAIDs if you are prone to gastritis.
1) Avoid excessive consumption of alcohol.
2) Replace two or three large meals a day with small mealsevery three hours or so
3) Avoid fast foods
4) Eat slow, chew thoroughly
5) Do chewing gum.
6) Stay away from foods that upset your stomach, especiallythose heavily seasoned, spicy and fried food
7) Avoid using aspirin, ibuprofen and other irritating foods
TREATMENTTreatment for gastritis usually involves:
Taking antacids and other drugs to reduce stomach acid, whichcauses further irritation to inflamed areas.
Avoiding hot and spicy foods.
For gastritis caused by H. pylori infection, your doctor willprescribe a regimen of several antibiotics plus an acid blockingdrug (used for heartburn).
If the gastritis is caused by pernicious anemia, B12 vitamin shotswill be given.
Eliminating irritating foods from your diet such as lactose fromdairy or gluten from wheat.
Once the underlying problem disappears, the
gastritis usually does, too.
You should talk to your doctor before stopping
any medicine or starting any gastritis treatment
on your own.
The mortality is dependent on the etiology of the gastritis. Generally,most cases of gastritis are treatable once the etiology is determined.The exception to this is phlegmonous gastritis, which has a mortalityrate of 65%, even with treatment.
Massachusetts General Hospital
55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114
617-726-2000 TDD: 617-724-8800
http://www.massgeneral.org/conditions/condition.aspx?id=182
Gastroenteritis is an inflammation of the lining of the intestines caused by a virus, bacteria or parasites.
Results in vomiting or diarrhea.
It is often called the "stomach flu“.
Gastroenteritis, or inflammation of the stomach and intestines. Gastritis is the irritation and inflammation of the stomach's mucous lining.
Rotavirus infants and young children under 5.
Adenoviruses and astroviruses affect young children and sometimes
adults.
Noroviruses infect persons of all ages, including older children and
adults.
Rotaviruses; Noroviruses; Adenoviruses.
Anyone can get it.
• It spreads through contaminated food orwater, and contact with an infectedperson. The best prevention is frequenthand washing.
• Close contact with infected persons.
• Frequent hand washing and disinfection. Rotavirus gastroenteritis
can also be prevented by vaccines.
• Watery diarrhea and vomiting.
• Headache, fever, and stomach ache.
• Symptoms begin 1 to 2 days following infection, and may last for 1
to 10 days, depending on the virus.
By a physician on the
basis of the symptoms
and medical
examination.
Rotavirus infection can
be diagnosed by
laboratory testing of a
stool specimen.
Prevent severe loss of
fluids (dehydration) by
taking fluids.
Medications should be
avoided unless
recommended by a
physician.
People who died from gastroenteritis has more than
doubled from 1999 to 2007. The death rate from almost
7,000 to over 17,000 per year. Viral gastroenteritis is the
second most common illness in the U.S. (Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention)
NIDDKNational institute of diabetes and digestive and kidney diseases (also
information in Spanish)http://www2.niddk.nih.gov/
HEPATITIS C
Hepatitis C is a viral disease that leads to swelling (inflammation) of the liver.
CAUSES
Hepatitis C infection is caused by the hepatitis C virus (HCV).
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
Hepatitis C infection usually produces no signs or symptoms during
its earliest stages. When signs and symptoms do occur, they're
generally mild and flu-like and may include:
• Fatigue
• Fever
• Nausea or poor appetite
• Muscle and joint pains
• Tenderness in the area of your liver
• Individuals at high risk for
infection.
• Children born to chronically
infected mothers
• People who received blood, blood
products, or transplanted organs
prior to 1992
• Persons with abnormal levels of
liver enzymes in the blood
• Testing is recommended when
exposure to the virus is
suspected.
ORGANIZATION THAT FIGTHS HEPATITIS C
WILSON’S DISEASE
Wilson's disease is named after Samuel Alexander Kinnier Wilson (1878–1937), the British neurologist who first described the condition in 1912
WHAT IS WILSON’S DISEASE?
Wilson disease is a rare autosomal recessive inherited disorder of copper metabolism.
You need a small amount of copper from food to stay healthy. Too much copper is poisonous.
This can cause damage to your brain, liver, and eyes.
SYMPTOMS
the most common one
KAYSER-FLEISCHER RINGSSymptons can appear in theages between 6-38
HEPATIC SYMPTOMS
· Fatty liver· Acute hepatitis· Resembling autoimmune hepatitis· Cirrhosis· Acute liver failure
NEUROLOGICAL AND PSYCHIATRICSYMPTOMS
Movement disorders (tremor, involuntary movements
Dysautonomia
Migraine headaches
Insomnia
Seizures
Depresion
Psychosis
Personality changes
Neurotic behaviours
DIAGNOSIS
24 hour urine test for copper
Liver Biopsy
Kayser Fleischer rings
TREATMENT
Wilson disease is a very treatable condition. With proper therapy, disease progress can be halted and oftentimes symptoms can be improved. Treatment is aimed at removing excess accumulated copper and preventing its accumulation. Treatment for Wilson disease is a lifelong process. Patients may become progressively sicker from day to day, so immediate treatment can be critical. Treatment delays may cause irreversible damage.
REFERENCES• Ghany MG, Strader DB, Thomas DL, Seeff LB. American Association
for the Study of Liver Diseases. Diagnosis, management, and treatment of hepatitis C: an update. Hepatology. 2009;49:1335-1374.
• Jou JH, Muir AJ. In the clinic. Hepatitis C. Ann Intern Med. 2008;148:ITC6-1-ITC6-16.
• O'Leary JG, Davis GL. Hepatitis C. In: Feldman M, Friedman LS, Brandt LJ, eds. Sleisenger and Fordtran's Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease. 9th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2010:chap 79.
• Rosen HR. Clinical practice. Chronic hepatitis C infection.N Engl J Med. 2011 Jun 23;364(25):2429-38.
• http://articles.latimes.com/2012/feb/21/news/la-heb-hepatitis-c-hiv-deaths-20120221
• http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvrd/revb/gastro/faq.htm
• http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/243036.php
• http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/gastroenteritis.html
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