development of personal manufacturing. open kitting machine
Post on 18-May-2015
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Development of Personal Manufacturing.Knitting Printer
Varvara GuljajevaPhD candidate
Estonian Art Academy
Mar Canet SolaCo-author
FAB LABs
● Started in 2005 in the Center for Bits and Atoms, MIT by Neil Gershenfeld
● Today there is a significant and growing number of FAB LABs around the world -> at the beginning of 2011, the international Fab Lab network consisted of over 50 Fab Labs in 16 countries.
-> The real impact of digital communications and computation came in giving ordinary people control over the information in their lives; digital fabrication will likewise give individuals control over their physical world by allowing them to personally program its construction.
Machine list recommendation
Flexible manufacturing equipment within a fab lab can include:
● Laser cutter, plasma cutter, water jet cutter, knife cutter: sheet material cutting
● 3-axis CNC machines: 3 or more axes, computer-controlled subtractive milling or turning machines
● Rapid prototyper: typically a "3D printer" of plastic or plaster parts
● Printed circuit board milling: 2 dimensional, high precision milling to create circuit traces in pre-clad copper boards
● Microprocessor and digital electronics design, assembly, and test stations
Origin
● Digital fabrication tools were originally used for prototyping purpose by the industries. -> NOW the manufacturing machines are used for end-product manufacturing by small-scale producers and one-person-factories.
● These tiny manufacturers kicked off without or very little external funding. The main reason for that is low-cost of machines and open source code and design.
Probably the best known example of the emergence of a personal technology is that of the personal computer (Lipson and KurmanFactory@Home). -> The history of personal computers began in the 1970s (Wikipedia).
Xerox Alto, 1973Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Xerox_Alto.jpg
Industrial revolution Personal manufacturing “evolution”
Communication Telegraph, telephone, improved commercial printing technologies
Internet, online shopping, online user communities, search and rank algorithms that enable users to find what they’re looking for in the chaos, online blueprints
Power Steam, coal, electricity Powerful computing technologies bring formerly industrial-scale design and analytical capabilities to the masses
Machine technology
Steam engines, coal burning machines, looms, automated agricultural technologies.Factory-scale machines mass produced standardized objects very quickly
Personal fabrication machines are ready for home use, outside the factory.Cheaper and easier CAD software Hardware and electronic components get smaller and cheaper and more powerful
Distribution Rail ways, improved roads, the postal system
The Internet becomes the distribution infrastructure + local Fabbers
Consumers Emerging consumer markets eagerly purchased lower-cost mass produced items
Today’s consumers want to be unique and express themselves with custom objects
Labor Unskilled labor could assemble objects on an assembly line
Unskilled consumers, like unskilled computer users, can design and operate their own manufacturing machinery
What about knitting and craft in general?
● Knitting is very old craft.
● The origins of knitting go back to 400-500BC
Source: http://maryhanna.net/wp-content/uploads/2010/08/KnittingOldLady.jpg
Knitting Machines
The 1st stocking frame knitting machineInvented by William Lee in 1589.
Source: http://larkabout.wordpress.com/2009/12/11/the-hosiery-factory/
Circular knitting machine
Hand-powered circular knitting machine of the Chemnitz-Based "Strumpfmaschinenfabrik" (Stocking Machine Factory)for the production of stockings with toes and heels, 1880.
Source: http://www.german-hosiery-museum.de/technik/07rundstrickmaschinen/Bild_rundstrick_02.htm
When did a knitting machine appear at home?
Source: http://www.german-hosiery-museum.de/technik/06flachstrickmaschinen/Bild_flachstrick_06.htm
The first simple hand-powered flat-bed knittingMachines were constructed for home use by thecottage industry in 1890.As well small-size factories were using thesemachines.
MODEL YEAR
KH-500 1955
KH-511 1960
KH-561 1964
KH-581 1966
KH-588 1969
KH-800 1971
KH-810 1973
KH-820 1974
KH-830 1976
KH-840 1978
KH-890 1979
KH-910 1976
KH-930 1980
KH-940 1988
KH-965 1992
KH-970 1996
Electronic knitting machines
Punch-card machines
Non punch-card machines
Brother knitting machines' models
-> although Brother knitting machines have been discontinued, they are still the ones that people have at home!The two most popular knitting machine lines in the market, namely Brother and Silver Reed/Studio
Electronic/computerized knitting machines
- 200stitches can be used for apattern- has about 600 preprogrammedpatterns in internal memory- pattern input waus:
mylar paperINPUT mode (manual)Floppy driveThe PPD110 and PPD120 allows
you to create your own stitchpattern designs or to input stitchpatterns from knitting patterns,magazines or books, using a TV asyour screen, and then to transferyour stitch patterns to your knitting machine.
Stitch = pixel
=> knitting machine is a 1st personal manufacturing tool at home
Knitting with C64
Source: http://www.mos6502.com/2011/04/
Source: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D1DKX1Jq-54
Nintendo Knitting Machine (1987)
Source: http://www.ign.com/articles/2012/08/31/nintendo-almost-made-a-knitting-add-on-for-nes
The ad says:
● “You're looking at the Nintendo Knitting Machine. It's not a game; not a toy; not something a young girl can outgrow in three or six months or even a year. It's a machine that interacts with the powerful Nintendo Entertainment System to actually knit sweaters: and not just one or two patterns but a multitude of different and unique designs. The Nintendo Knitting Machine is just one more example of the innovative thinking that keeps Nintendo on the cutting edge of video technology. And your customers on the edge of their seats. Of course we should probably mention that no other video game system offers anything even remotely similar. But why needle the competition?”
PASSAP E8000 & E6000
Decline of knitting
● In 1980s knitting suddenly became unpopular because of appearance of machines, and cheap and available clothing
● However with the boom of Internet in late 1990s knitting communities appeared again. Internet enabled sharing, learning, and communication.
● Among the first Internet knitting phenomena was the popular KnitList with thousands of members. In 1998, the first online knitting magazine, KnitNet, began publishing. Blogging later added fuel to the development of an international knitting community.
Thanx Internet!
● Guardian: But despite this decade-long reign over the lifestyle pages, the last 12 months have been particularly good for knitting. Peter Fitzgerald, a retail director at Google UK, says that while online searches for knitting-related terms have grown steadily since 2004, the growth this year has been really noticeable. "Our data shows that searches for knitting have increased over 150% just this year," he says. The term "knitting for beginners" has increased by 250%.
Hacking KH930
The hack of Becky Stern from MAKE magazineFloppy emulation script in Python by by Steve Conklin
Andrew Salomone
Source: http://s3files.core77.com/blog/images/2011/01/0idpbalacl03.jpg
Physical hack
Inspired by Travis Goodspeed and Fabienne Serriere
SPAMpoetry
Improvements
● PatternUploader developed with the help of Davey Taylor
– http://www.mcanet.info/patternUploader/
– http://wiki.forskningsavd.se/ElectroknitKH940 ● User interface
● Windows/linux/mac support
● Enables to upload patterns via floppy emulation to KH930, KH940, KH950i.
● Bigger-size pattern upload
● Multiple pattern upload
● Multicolor pattern upload (up to 4 colors per row)
Multicolor per row + no floats
Photos by Andrew Salomone
Future Plans
Open Knitter -> KNITbot!
Conclusions
● Knitting machine is the 1st digital personal manufacturing tool at home, which has been totally over looked nowadays in the age of digital fabrication.
● Textile fabrication has a huge tradition and importance in society -> available skills & knowledge.
● Open knitting has a great potential in the growing field of digital fabrication -> cheap, available and recyclable material, growing community of fabbers/innovators/makers, new business opportunities, and more.
● The fabrication and business model is changing (disappearing big-size industries, FAB LABs, startups, factories at home). Hence, knitting and textile manufacturing introduce new possibilities and personalization.
Thank you for listening!Question time
Varvara Guljajevawww.varvarag.info - varvarag@gmail.com
Mar Canet Solawww.mcanet.info - mar.canet@gmail.com
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