developing a pedagogy for active learning pal “expanding visions in elt” thammasat university -...

Developing a Pedagogy for Active learningPAL

“Expanding Visions in ELT”Thammasat University - June 8, 2009

byWillard Van De Bogart

Table of Contents

• Brief History of Active learning in Thailand

• Brief History of Learning Theory• Definitions of Active Learning• Cognitivism and Active Learning• Using Active learning in the

Classroom• Designing a Pedagogy for Active

Learning• What the future holds

National Education Act An Education Reform Act for Future Development of the Thai People 1999

Improve efficiency and effectiveness in learning.

Encourage students to become critical and develop critical thinking skills.

Acquire facility with information technologies.

Develop a “student-centered” learning approach.

Make “online learning” the technology of choice for the Thai higher education system.

• - An on line course on "How to Help Thai Stude

nts Develop Ideas and E xpress Opinions"

• Search Strategies in the IT and Internet Era

• Internet Based Learning with ESL

• On-line active learning strategies

Internet based course development 2003 – 2009By Ajarn Willard Van De Bogart

Faculty of Humanities and Social sciencesNakhon Sawan Rajabhat University2nd Semester - Academic year 2550-1

• Course: Active Learning• Subject: Advanced

Communicative English• Program: Bachelor of

Education

• Teacher: Ajarn Willard Van De Bogart

MONTANA-THAILAND ACTION LEARNING NETWORK

Nakhon SawanSuratthani

Suan Dusit Phranakhon

Showcase: Active Learning Classroom1st International Conference on Active Learning &Teaching

To exhibit and demonstrate best practices and creative based learning and teaching pedagogy.

Learning Theories

SCHEMATA: knowledge structures

• SENSATION• IMAGES• SIGHTS, SOUNDS• FEELINGS• ACTIONS• IDEAS• Etc…

Jean Piaget (18961980)

KNOWLEDGE IS “CONSTRUCTED” BY THE LEARNER

• Knowledge exists in the mind of the learner.

• Every learner is different.

• Every learner’s mental schemes are different.

• Knowledge cannot be transmitted as a whole.

• Knowledge must be built up by the learner on the basis of experience.

Maria MONTESSORIMethod of education is characterized by emphasis in self directed activity.

CYLINDER BLOCKS – SERIATIONChildhood – Spacial Intelligence

Children direct their own learning

Howard Gardner

LEV VYGOTSKY

Russian Psychologist

(1896-1934)

“Zone of Proximal Development”

“What the learner can do with a teacher’s assistance but cannot do alone.”

• What does the Learner already know?

• Use assessment of find out.

• Growth occurs at the edge.

• What is the learner ready for next?

Michael Brody - Active Teaching, Learning and Assessment

Student centered Raising student motivation Organizing the classroom Stimulating Thinking Beyond facts and details

What is active learning?There are 1,870,000 citations for active learning on Google

Definition of Active learning

• Active Learning refers to techniques where students do more than simply listen to a lecture. Students are doing something including discovering, processing, and applying information (McKinney 2007 ).

• Processing and Applying Information.

Definition of Active learning

• Active Learning attempts to model the methods and mindsets which are at the heart of scientific inquiry, and to provide opportunities for students to connect abstract ideas to their real world applications and acquire useful skills, and in so doing gain knowledge that persists beyond the course experience in which it was acquired (Allen & Tanner 2003).

• Connect Abstract Ideas

Definition of Active learning

• Active Learning is comprised of a student centered environment which raises student’s motivational level to stimulate thinking and go beyond facts and details (Brody 2009).

• Stimulate Thinking.

Definition of Active learning

• Construct interesting “problem spaces” that serve to really engage the learner’s interest, and, hence, to motivate them in ways that are authentic

(Carson 2009).

• Motivate the students.

Cognitivism and Active LearningActive Learning Techniques in the Classroom

Terminology:

Cognitive StrategyCognitive DomainsMeta Cognition

ScaffoldingPair ShareCooperativeCollaborativeActiveReflective

“COGNITIVE TOOLSMEDIATE THOUGHT”

Perception organizes visual data

Cognitive DomainsKNOWLEDGE TYPESWhat the mind sees

• Our cultural systems are not made of absolute truths.

• Our cultural systems are made from

different types of knowledge.

Empirical PsychomotorConventional AffectiveRational NarrativeConceptual ReceivedCognitive Routines

1st Cognitive Strategy Activators

Oriented Strategies – Attention is drawn to a task

Elaboration – Expand target information by adding to it.

Transformation – Convert information to be more easily understood.

Mnemonics – Relate a word or phrase to the information

Meta Cognition

2nd Active Learning TechniquesIndividuals:

Minute Papers

Writing Activities

Muddiest Point

Affective Response

Daily journal

Reading quiz

Concept Maps

Poster/Drawing/Display

Scaffolding

Active Learning Techniques Individual: Scaffolding

Oriented Strategies – Attention is drawn to a task

Elaboration – Expand taget information by adding to it.

Transformation – Convert information to be more easily understood.

Mnemonics – Relate a word or phrase to the information

Concept Maps – Mind Mapping

Concept mapping

Active Learning TechniquesGroup:

Think-pair-share

Brainstorming

Games

Debates

Student do Teaching

Jig-saw

Demonstrations

Active Learning TechniqueGroup: Think Pair Share - OH Cards

He was ashamed talking abouthis habit with people who were joyful .

OH Cards

Before the Pedagogy

• Specific type of social learning by a specific type of communication

Increase student participation

Increase student engagement

Increase student retention

More student ownership in course

Less lecturing by instructor

More exciting classroom experience

Higher level thinking

Pedagogy for Active Learning

PAL

• Step one: Design a cognitive routine • Step two: Select an active learning

technique • Step three: Build the lesson using

Cognitive Analogies • Step four:

Design an evaluation and testing format.

Developing Cognitive Routines

• Utilize a person’s memory.

• Demand the use of inductive reasoning.

• Require quickness of response.

• Use mentally stimulating suggestions.

• Puzzles of all kinds. • Board games and card

games. • Reading and writing.

The Future of Learning

• Universal Libraries• Natural Language

Search engines• Decision search

engine

Natural Language Search Engine

• Search engine

Strategies• Ability to ask a

question:

• What is the circumference of the earth?

Natural Language Search Engine

• Unit conversions:

24 901.47 miles

4.007504x10^7 meters

21 638.79 nmi (nautical miles)

0.1336759 light seconds

• Corresponding quantity:

Light travel time t in vacuum from t=x/c:\n | 134 ms (milliseconds)

• Choose

• Find

• Locate

• Refine

• Organize

• Think

• Repeat

• Write

Dedicated E-book Readers

• Dedicated readers – about 100,000

• Palm devices – 6,000,000• PC’s – hundreds of millions• “For people accustomed to

reading text on a computer for hours at a time, e-book screen clarity is a non-issue.”

• 20 hours of video are uploaded every minute on

You tube.

Education – Global Search Engines

Real-time Engineering Science Business

3 Ls of Learning1. Face-to-Face Lectures2. Virtual Labs3. Universal Digital Library

Universities CollegesSchools

Information ModelingAdult – Spacial Inteligence

Relevance

Relationships

Connectivity

Mapping

Linking

Inference

3-D Visualization of text Adulthood– Spacial Inteligence

Extrapolate

Inference

Visualize text fields

Concept weighting

The Road Ahead

ScientificCalculations

Data Analysis

Expert Systems

SuperHumans

Poor

Medium

Rich

Brilliant

KnowledgeContent

Emulating HumanPerformance:

See, Hear, Talk, and “Think”

Evolution

Nanosystems