developed by d. ann currie, rn, msn. nutritional comparison: breast milk 90% water same weight gain...
Post on 17-Dec-2015
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Nutritional Comparison: Breast Milk
90% waterSame weight gain or greater during first 3-4
monthsFat is variablePrimary carbohydrate is lactose, trace
amounts of other carbohydrates
Components of Breast MilkWhey/Casein ratio changes according to
infant needsWhey components include alpha-lactalbumin,
serum albumin, lactoferrin, immunoglobulins, and lysozyme
Low in vitamin D, adequate vitamin C & B complex
Mineral content similarIron absorption: 50-60%
Advantages of Breastfeeding
Species specificCholesterol in breast milk plays a role in
myelination and neurologic developmentMore efficient metabolism of cholesterolComposition varies according to gestational
ageIron is more readily absorbed
Infant Benefits Reduced risk of
Type I or type II diabetes mellitusLymphoma, leukemia, & Hodgkin’s diseaseObesityHypercholesterolemiaAsthma
Protection fromRespiratory tract and gastrointestinal tract
infectionsNecrotizing enterocolitisUrinary tract infectionsOtitis mediaBacterial meningitis
Maternal Physical Benefits Decreased postpartum bleedingMore rapid uterine involutionBurns additional caloriesDecreased risk of developing
Breast and ovarian cancer Postmenopausal osteoporosis
Maternal Psychosocial Benefits
Improved maternal-infant attachmentSkin-to-skin contactTactile communicationLearn behavioral cues and needsProlactin increases feelings of relaxation and
euphoriaOxytocin heightens responsiveness and
receptivity toward infant
Disadvantages to Breastfeeding
Pain due to nipple tendernessLeaking milk when breasts are fullEmbarrassment about breastfeedingFeeling tied down to the demands of
breastfeedingUnequal feeding responsibilities/fathers left outPerceptions about diet restrictionsLimited birth control options Vaginal drynessConcerns about the safety of medications and
breastfeeding
Feeding Interventions: Birthing Room
Assess for signs of readiness to feedPlace newborn on mother’s chestBreastfeeding may begin in birthing roomAssess infant physiologic status during
feeding
Feeding Interventions Monitor progressEducationAnticipatory guidanceEvaluate the need for follow-up after
discharge
Infant Feeding EducationOn Demand” feeding patternInfant feeding cuesNormal feeding/sleeping patternsSatiety behaviorsGrowth patterns
Nutritional Comparison: Formula
90% waterGreater weight gain after 3-4 monthsLactose is only carbohydrate
Components of Formula Whey/Casein ratio is 60:40Whey components are beta-lactoglobulin and
alpha-lactalbuminAdequate amounts of vitaminsMineral content similar
Formula Feeding Education Intake and output expectationsPreparation and storage of formulaFeeding techniqueEquipmentSafety precautions
Growth Rates Both breastfed and formula-fed infants
experience growth spurts requiring increased feedings
Breastfeeding mother should nurse more frequently
Formula feeding mother should slightly increase amount of feeding
Influence of Culture on Infant Feeding
Perception of breasts as sexual organPerceptions of colostrumLanguage
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