designing safer batteries via materials architectures and

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+

• Real-time Li-ion BatteryMonitoring using ImpedanceSpectroscopy and Gas/PressureSensors for Early ThermalRunaway Detection

• Designing Safer Batteries via Materials Architectures and Multimode Calorimetry

• Ultramist Virus Inactivation Tech

https://www.x-mol.com/paper/5895639

John B. Goodenough, M. Stanley Whittingham, Akira Yoshino

What We Do

Discover, Engineer and Testing of Materials for Energy Storage Devices

Lithium-ion Sodium ion Potassium ion Li-S

205+ publications, 30 US Patents/applications, 4 book chapters3

Battery Research ChallengesCostCurrent projected cost (25 kW battery) ~ $1000

- Target cost (25 kW battery) ~ $500

SafetyInherently safe batteries needed

- Overcharge protection circuitry expensive

LifeCurrent technology ~ 5 to 10 years

- Target ~ 15 years

Low Temperature PerformanceCurrent technology ~ Sluggish < 0 ºC

- Target ~ -30 ºC (cold cranking)44444444444John B. Goodenough et al., Chemistry of Materials (2010) 22, 587

New

Safety Concerns of Lithium-ion Batteries

(1)https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/how-lithium-ion-batteries-grounded-the-dreamliner/(2)https://electrek.co/2016/08/15/tesla-model-s-catches-fire-test-drive-france/(3)http://www.cbsnews.com/news/samsung-galaxy-note-7-batteries-fires-faa-warnings-passengers-worldwide-reca

Boeing 787, Dec. 2014 (1) Tesla Model S, Aug. 2016 (2) Samsung Note 7, Sept. 2016 (3)

LIBs dominate rechargeable energy storage market due to high energy densitySafety incidents still occurring for mature Li-ion battery technologySusceptible to thermal runaway: can occur by overcharging, cell puncture, dendrites

Motivation: Improve understanding of thermal runaway and how to mitigate for rechargeable battery

Tarascon, J.M.; Armand, M. Issues and Challenges Facing Rechargeable Lithium Batteries. Nature, 2001, 414, 359-366

Systemic issues of lithium metal

State of the Art Membrane/Separator

High current

2 m 2 m 10 m

20 m

5 m

a)

c)b) d)

Pristine separator PDA-separator PDA/Gr-CMC separator

PDAInfiltration

Graphene-CMC inkLamination

PUBS membrane schematic

• Polypropylene separator has plenty of gaps, modified by 5

9

Full-coin cell study

0 200 400 600 800 10000

40

80

120

160

Sp

ecif

ic c

apac

ity

(mA

h g

-1)

Cycle number

Current density : 1C Pristine separator PDA-separator PDA-Gr/CMC separator

• Improved specific capacity over 1000 cycles, compared to other cells.

• 1C – 1 hour charging, one hour discharging

Coin Cells

Lithium battery pouch cell components

Anode CathodeSeparator

- +

Lithium Metal Battery Pouch Cell

Li / PP-PDA-Gr-CMC / LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2

Powered Prototype Truck

12

Safety Studies Methodology

Furnace

Cooling Rods

DSC Furnace and Calorimeters

Cooling Ring

Multiple Module CalorimeterDifferential Scanning Calorimetry(Thermal response of individual

components)

50 100 150 200 250 300-2

-1

0

1

2

3

Hea

t Flo

w (W

/g)

Temperature (°C)

228 J/g 3.2 kJ/g

DSC of Li-NMC532 cell

1st exotherm is the result of reaction of Li metal with electrolyteNet amount of heat released 2.98 KJ/g

Ultramist Virus Inactivation TechViP Ultramist

14Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University

Dr. Manikandan Palanisamy

Mr. Mihit Parekh

Paradigm Shift- Covid-19

Diameter: 60 – 140 nm

# of People Infected: ~67 million (tillnow)

Disinfection Methods in small spaces:Hand wipes, Spray Bottles

- Insufficient reach ofhandwipes, size of Droplets from spraybottles

Need for effective fumigationtechnique

15ViP UltraMist

ViP UltraMist

16ViP UltraMist

Real-time Li-ion Battery Monitoring using Impedance Spectroscopy and Gas/Pressure Sensors for Early Thermal Runaway Detection

Daniel GribbleUG - University of California, Berkeley

Internal Temperature Monitoring with EIS

• Detect and Prevent• Signs of thermal runaway

– Swelling – Increase in temperature– Venting of gases

• Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy– Measures the internal temperature through

internal resistance– Energy activated process: log (1/R) 1/T – Earlier detection and greater sensitivity than

monitoring surface temperature– Non-invasive

Huang et. al, 2020. JES

Construct Battery Monitoring System• Commercial gas and pressure sensors provide complementary

information

Perform Experiments• Initiate thermal runaway in commercial batteries

Analyze Results• H2 and CO• Internal temperature• Pressure

Create Robust Model for Battery Health• Determine state of thermal runaway• Take appropriate corrective actions

• Alarm• Cooling• Release of fire-extinguishing chemicals

Proposed Research PlanOutcomes• Safer power storage

systems• Protection of property

and lives

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+

• Real-time Li-ion BatteryMonitoring using ImpedanceSpectroscopy and Gas/PressureSensors for Early ThermalRunaway Detection

• Designing Safer Batteries via Materials Architectures and Multimode Calorimetry

• Ultramist Virus Inactivation Tech

https://www.x-mol.com/paper/5895639