design and guidance. what are your choices mitigation measure ( keeping animals off the road)...

Design and Guidance

What areYour Choices

Mitigation measure ( keeping Animals off the road)

Estimated effective-ness (%)

Balance ($/km/yr)

Best practice

(yes)

Animal detection systems (ADS)

82% $3,091 Yes

Increase vis. (vegetation removal)

38% $15,437 Yes

Fence (including dig barrier) 87% $32,728 Yes

Long bridges 100% $739,310

Long tunnels or long bridges 100% $1,458,060

Fence with gap and ADS 82% $24,461 Yes

Fence with underpasses 87% $30,628 Yes

Fence with overpasses 87% $10,003 Yes

Fence with under-and overpasses

87% $28,978 Yes

Wildlife Fencing

•Effectivenss•Materials•Installation•Access Points•Costs•Maintenance

• Increases the barrier effect• Potential negative effects to Dispersal and Migration

Reducing collisions with large &small mammals by keeping animals off roads

Effectiveness

Fence with gap and ADS

82%

Fence with underpasses

87%

Fence with overpasses

87%

Fence with under-and overpasses

87%

Type of Materials

Woven metal wire Chain LinkElectric

Woven Metal Wire

Chain Link Fence

Table 3. Suggested fence height for selected large mammal species.4 Large UngulatesWoven Metal Wire

Fence HeightFurther

Recommendations

White-tailed deer 8-9 ft

Mule deer 8-9 ft

Elk 8-9 ft

Moose 8-9 ft

Mountain goat 8-9 ft

Bighorn sheep 10-12 ft1

Cougar 11 ft Finer mesh size, overhang

Wolf 8 ft

Black bear 8-9 ft Finer mesh size, overhang

Grizzly bear 8-9 ft

Installation

Dig BarrierFence PostsAttaching Wire MessTop Wire

Installation

LocationLengthAdding CrossingsExisting Crossings

Installation / Fence Ends

Escape Opportunities from the Right-of-Way

Access Points Requiring Fence Breaks

Fencing Construction Costs

Highway Fencing Trans-Canada Highway in Banff National Park Can$25 per foot (2006)U.S. Highway 93 ( Montana) $9 to $12 per foot (2006 prices) [

Jump-outs $6,500 to $11,000

Wildlife Guards for Access Roads $30,000

Maintenance

Electric Fencing

Fencing Summary

• Several Materials to select from• Need to keep in mind the types

of Wildlife• Fencing effectiveness• How it is installed is VERY

important• Costs and Maintenance concerns

must be recognized