design and guidance. what are your choices mitigation measure ( keeping animals off the road)...
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Design and Guidance
What areYour Choices
Mitigation measure ( keeping Animals off the road)
Estimated effective-ness (%)
Balance ($/km/yr)
Best practice
(yes)
Animal detection systems (ADS)
82% $3,091 Yes
Increase vis. (vegetation removal)
38% $15,437 Yes
Fence (including dig barrier) 87% $32,728 Yes
Long bridges 100% $739,310
Long tunnels or long bridges 100% $1,458,060
Fence with gap and ADS 82% $24,461 Yes
Fence with underpasses 87% $30,628 Yes
Fence with overpasses 87% $10,003 Yes
Fence with under-and overpasses
87% $28,978 Yes
Wildlife Fencing
•Effectivenss•Materials•Installation•Access Points•Costs•Maintenance
• Increases the barrier effect• Potential negative effects to Dispersal and Migration
Reducing collisions with large &small mammals by keeping animals off roads
Effectiveness
Fence with gap and ADS
82%
Fence with underpasses
87%
Fence with overpasses
87%
Fence with under-and overpasses
87%
Type of Materials
Woven metal wire Chain LinkElectric
Woven Metal Wire
Chain Link Fence
Table 3. Suggested fence height for selected large mammal species.4 Large UngulatesWoven Metal Wire
Fence HeightFurther
Recommendations
White-tailed deer 8-9 ft
Mule deer 8-9 ft
Elk 8-9 ft
Moose 8-9 ft
Mountain goat 8-9 ft
Bighorn sheep 10-12 ft1
Cougar 11 ft Finer mesh size, overhang
Wolf 8 ft
Black bear 8-9 ft Finer mesh size, overhang
Grizzly bear 8-9 ft
Installation
Dig BarrierFence PostsAttaching Wire MessTop Wire
Installation
LocationLengthAdding CrossingsExisting Crossings
Installation / Fence Ends
Escape Opportunities from the Right-of-Way
Access Points Requiring Fence Breaks
Fencing Construction Costs
Highway Fencing Trans-Canada Highway in Banff National Park Can$25 per foot (2006)U.S. Highway 93 ( Montana) $9 to $12 per foot (2006 prices) [
Jump-outs $6,500 to $11,000
Wildlife Guards for Access Roads $30,000
Maintenance
Electric Fencing
Fencing Summary
• Several Materials to select from• Need to keep in mind the types
of Wildlife• Fencing effectiveness• How it is installed is VERY
important• Costs and Maintenance concerns
must be recognized