de montis, caschili & trogu - input2012

Accessibility, rurality and remoteness:

A. De Montis

S. Caschili

D. Trogu

demontis.andrea@gmail.com

s.caschili@ucl.ac.uk

daniele.trogu@unica.it

an investigation on the Island of

Sardinia, Italy

Motivations

• Many definitions of rurality

• Connection between accessibility and rurality

A. De Montis

S. Caschili

D. Trogu

demontis.andrea@gmail.com

s.caschili@ucl.ac.uk

daniele.trogu@unica.it

• Rurality is associated with remoteness

• Measures of rurality are powerful tools for policy-making

Rurality measures

Rurality is approached in many studies. It is defined in a variety of ways:

• Threshold census measures

A. De Montis

S. Caschili

D. Trogu

demontis.andrea@gmail.com

s.caschili@ucl.ac.uk

daniele.trogu@unica.it

• Threshold census measures

• Continuous measures

Rural Local Units Remoteness Index (RLURI)

• Qualitative, discrete

• Population density, number of inhabitants, remoteness (isochrones)

A. De Montis

S. Caschili

D. Trogu

demontis.andrea@gmail.com

s.caschili@ucl.ac.uk

daniele.trogu@unica.it

• Combination between the level of rurality and remoteness

• Eight classes

Rural-Urban Index (RUI)

• Composite, continuous

• Socio-economics

• Factor analysis

A. De Montis

S. Caschili

D. Trogu

demontis.andrea@gmail.com

s.caschili@ucl.ac.uk

daniele.trogu@unica.it

• Range: 26.77 (rural)-13,988 (urban)

• 8.75% urban municipalities

Index of Relative Rurality (IRR)

• Composite, continuous

• Socio-economics, remoteness

• Standardization,

A. De Montis

S. Caschili

D. Trogu

demontis.andrea@gmail.com

s.caschili@ucl.ac.uk

daniele.trogu@unica.it

• Standardization, Unweighted means

• Range: 0 (urban) to 1 (rural)

• 82% under 0.50

Rural Metropolitan Interface Lebel (RMIL)

• Qualitative, discrete

• IRR, proximity to metropolitan area, population

A. De Montis

S. Caschili

D. Trogu

demontis.andrea@gmail.com

s.caschili@ucl.ac.uk

daniele.trogu@unica.it

• Classes from A to H

• 353 up to 377 municipalities below to class G (rural-remote municipality)

Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD)

• Composite, continuous

• Socio-economics, environmental data

• Aggregation function

A. De Montis

S. Caschili

D. Trogu

demontis.andrea@gmail.com

s.caschili@ucl.ac.uk

daniele.trogu@unica.it

• Aggregation function

• Range: 0 to 1000

• 34,8% of municipalities lie on 200-300 interval

Comments

Comparing the indices: ranking according to the quantitative indicators.

Cagliari, Sassari, and Quartu Sant’Elena, the most populated and richest towns in Sardinia, are included in the top ten places.

A. De Montis

S. Caschili

D. Trogu

demontis.andrea@gmail.com

s.caschili@ucl.ac.uk

daniele.trogu@unica.it

Accessibility and Income vs Rurality

Correlation analysis between the indeces

RUI IRR IMD AHI

RUI

A. De Montis

S. Caschili

D. Trogu

demontis.andrea@gmail.com

s.caschili@ucl.ac.uk

daniele.trogu@unica.it

RUI

IRR -0,13915

IMD -0,18954 0,012595

AHI 0,322743 0,079383 -0,70108

Aexp 0,583301 0,342013 -0,30073 0,500994

Conclusion

• Sardinia would have been defined a rural region

• Quantitative rural indices are uncorrelated

A. De Montis

S. Caschili

D. Trogu

demontis.andrea@gmail.com

s.caschili@ucl.ac.uk

daniele.trogu@unica.it

• Degree of rurality depends on the specific index variables

• In general, the higher the rurality, the lower the income and the lower the accessibility.

Outlook

• Public investments in rural areas

• Investigation on evolution of rurality

• New index to take into account factors and

A. De Montis

S. Caschili

D. Trogu

demontis.andrea@gmail.com

s.caschili@ucl.ac.uk

daniele.trogu@unica.it

• New index to take into account factors and feature of landscape and urban settings.

...thank you for your attention

A. De Montis

S. Caschili

D. Trogu

demontis.andrea@gmail.com

s.caschili@ucl.ac.uk

daniele.trogu@unica.it

...any questions??