#datavizinsixweeks, week 3 - perception & cognition
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Copyright Anne Stevens 2014
An Introduction to Visual Analytics course taught at OCAD University, Toronto
Week Three
Perception and cognition
#DataVizInSixWeeks
Anne Stevens
Today
Concepts
Perception
Cognition
Tools
Tableau Public
Copyright Anne Stevens 2014
c/o Fanny ChevalierCopyright Anne Stevens 2014
Distributed computing distributed cognition
Copyright Anne Stevens 2014
Perception and cognition
Work with laws of perception, not against them
Objective & analytic assessment tools
Copyright Anne Stevens 2014
Cognition
Myth– Continuous
– Seamless
– People are passive receivers of external info
Reality– Fragmented
– That’s why we can drive and talk at the same time
– People construct their reality
– Not all thought processes are created equal
Copyright Anne Stevens 2014
Not all thought is created equal
System 1 (primitive)– Reactive
– Automatic
– Fast
– Can multitask
– Consumes few calories
System 2 (rational)– Goal driven
– Conscious
– Not automatic
– Slow
– Single task
– Consumes a lot of brain resources
– Working Memory
Copyright Anne Stevens 2014
Copyright Anne Stevens 2014
Perception
Myth– Continuous
– That we see the entire scene at once
… and equally well
– Passive receptors
Reality– Details on demand
– Just in time delivery
– Most efficient use of brain resources
– Both bottom-up & top-down processes
– Combination of preattentive and attentive processes
Copyright Anne Stevens 2014
Copyright Anne Stevens 2014
Preattentive perception
Find the red circle / circle
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Find the red circle
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Preattentive perception
System 1 processing
– fast, automatic
– bottom- up
– instinctive
– efficient
– can multitask
Copyright Anne Stevens 2014
Attentive perception
System 2 processing
– Slower, deliberate, focused
– top down
– consumes more Visual Working Memory
– Visual Working Memory can hold 3 +1 objects
Preattention – attention continuum
Can change over time
Can change with conditioning
Visual processing is a combination of bottom-up & top-down processes
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t
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Preattentive features
Not all preattentive features are created equal
Copyright Anne Stevens 2014
Good design avoids interference
Copyright Anne Stevens 2014
Questions?
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Brain = pattern recognition machine
Copyright Anne Stevens 2014
Brain = pattern recognition machine
addict
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Gestalt psychology
Principal: Reification
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en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Reification.jpg
Gestalt psychology
Principle: Multistability
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en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Reification.jpg
Gestalt laws
Closure Similarity
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en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Reification.jpg
Gestalt laws
Priximity
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en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Reification.jpg
Gestalt laws
Symmetry Continuity
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Gestalt laws
Common Fate Figure/ground
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en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Reification.jpg
Questions?
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Jacques Bertin: Semiology of Graphics, 1967
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Jacques Bertin: visual variables
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Jacques Bertin: visual variables
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Jacques Bertin: visual variables
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University of Munstercartography.uni-muenster.de/en/symbols/visual-variables
Jacques Bertin: visual variables
Copyright Anne Stevens 2014
University of Munstercartography.uni-muenster.de/en/symbols/visual-variables
Visual variable: size
Copyright Anne Stevens 2014
University of Munstercartography.uni-muenster.de/en/symbols/visual-variables
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Dan Berlinslideshare.net/Banderlin/visual-principles-of-experience-design-blending-art-and-science
Visual variable: colour value
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Visual variable: colour hue
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Visual variable: colour hue
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chicagostraightdope.comen.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Chicago
Map of the Marketmarketwatch.com/tools/stockresearch/marketmap
Copyright Anne Stevens 2014
Single and multiple users, plus, change over time.
39
The Care and Condition Monitorstevensanne.com/?portfolio=brava-design-for-mobile
How Voting Works
40
HSB Colour Values
The Care and Condition Monitorstevensanne.com/?portfolio=brava-design-for-mobile
Data mapping
One dimensional data: easy
Multi-dimensional data mapping: trickier
Map each data dimension to a different graphic element
map primary data to primary visual feature; secondary to secondary, and so on
Avoid interference with preattentive perception
Copyright Anne Stevens 2014
Copyright Anne Stevens 2014
Questions?
Copyright Anne Stevens 2014
Copyright Anne Stevens 2014
An Introduction to Visual Analytics course taught at OCAD University, Toronto
stevensanne.com
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