d) trunk = belly. 2 e) wing regions of the wing: brachium, antebrachium, manus fig. 1.8 in podulka...

D) Trunk

= Belly

2

E) Wing

Regions of the Wing: Brachium, Antebrachium, Manus

Fig. 1.8 in Podulka et al. 2004

Bones of the Wing:

Fig. 1.7 in Podulka et al. 2004

Wing Covering:Humeral Patagium, Patagium, Postpatagium

Fig. 1-9 in Podulka et al. 2004

Feather Regions of the Upper Wing(and Adjacent Areas)

Fig. 1-10 in Podulka et al. 2004

Feather Regions of the Under Wing(and Adjacent Areas)

Fig. 1-10 in Podulka et al. 2004

Upper Wing Covert Nomenclature

Fig. 1-10 in Podulka et al. 2004

Under Wing Covert Nomenclature

Peregrine Falcon or Prairie Falcon

1

3

Peregrine Falcon

Prairie Falcon

8

WHAT TYPE OF HAWK?

Scapulars

8

9 Red-Tailed Hawk

Patagial Marks

23

WHICH FLYCATCHER IS THIS?

10

11 12

Western Wood Pewee Eastern Phoebe

WING BARS

What Duck is This?

Mallard American Black Duck

Speculum

22

Wing Diversity

13

14

Red-Tailed Hawk Peregrine Falcon

Red Grouse

F) TAIL

Fig. 1-10 in Podulka et al. 2004

Rectrices

27

Rounded Wedge-Shaped

28

American Crow Common Raven

28

Sharp-Shinned Hawk

29

Cooper’s Hawk

Square (= Truncate)

Rounded

Rounded versus Graduated

Fig. 1-18 in Podulska et al. 2004

34 35

Graduated

Yellow-Billed Cuckoo

30

Notched (= Emarginate)

Pine Siskin

31 32

Forked

Magnificent Frigatebird

33

35

Pointed

36Mourning Dove

37

Upper Tail Coverts

Northern Harrier

38

39

40

Upper Tail Coverts

Lucy’s Warbler

Under Tail Coverts (= Crissum)

42

41 Canyon Towhee

Crissal Thrasher

43 44

Woodpecker Rectrices

Downy Woodpecker Hairy Woodpecker

G) HIND LEG: Thigh, Crus, Foot

Regions of the Hind Leg: Thigh, Crus, Foot

Fig. 1-11 in Podulska et al. 2004 45

Bones of the Hind Leg

Fig. 1-11 in Podulska et al. 2004

Fig. 1-8 in Gill 1990

Relative Lengths of Tibiotarsus and Tarsometarsus

PERCHING

Fig. 1-14 in Podulka et al. 2004

Podotheca Types

Fig. 1-19 in Podulka et al. 2004

Primitive Terrestrial Tetrapod Foot

Fig. 1-12 in Podulka et al. 2004

Fig. 1-20 in Podulka et al. 2004

TOE ARRANGEMENTS

52

Anisodactyl

61

55

Syndactyl

56

5762

63

58

Heterodactyl

5960

Pamprodactyl

Foot Diversity

Fig. 1-21 in Podulka et al. 2008

47

48

50

51

54

49

52

1 http://www.ccbirding.com/thw/id/PrairieFalcon_adult-female.JPG

2 http://sdakotabirds.com/species_photos/photos/prairie_falcon_2.jpg

3 http://www.focusonnature.com/North%2095.jpg

4 http://z.about.com/d/sanfrancisco/1/7/B/B/-/-/curlew.jpg

5 http://www.tauntonwildlife.com/myPictures/whimbrel2a.jpg

7 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/ Long-billed_Curlew.jpg/800px-Long-billed_Curlew.jpg

6 http://z.about.com/d/sanfrancisco/1/7/B/B/-/-/curlew.jpg

8 http://urbanhawks.blogs.com/photos/uncategorized/052106rtsjtdj.jpg

9 http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2296/1552952557_2f34a8d7fc.jpg

10 http://wesweb.homestead.com/files/birdpix/wwpescr.jpg

11 http://nationalzoo.si.edu/ConservationAndScience/MigratoryBirds/ Featured_photo/Images/Bigpic/wewp1.jpg

12 http://sdakotabirds.com/species/photos/eastern_phoebe2.jpg

13 http://www.utahbirds.org/birdsofutah/BirdsL-R/RedTailedHawkMT.jpg

14 http://www.ukbirdphotos.wanadoo.co.uk/Raptors/images/Peregrine% 20Falcon%20flight%208922.jpg

15 http://rosssea.info/pix/big/buller-albatross-wing.jpg

16 http://artfiles.art.com/images/-/Timothy-OKeefe/Anhinga-Drying-Wings- Photographic-Print-C11992675.jpeg

17 http://www.rules.co.uk/_img/pics/l_inflight3.jpg

18 http://www.newt.com/wohler/events/galapagos-2004/espanola/ albatross-flying-1-big.jpg

19 http://www.birdsofoklahoma.net/Mallard102.jpg

20 http://www.birdsofoklahoma.net/Mallard102.jpg

21 http://content.ornith.cornell.edu/UEWebApp/images/ ALE_040103_00065Z_S.jpg

22 http://www.npwrc.usgs.gov/resource/birds/duckplum/colorpic/9.jpg

23 http://www.schmoker.org/BirdPics/2007/RaptorsVultures/RTHA_LtAdFly2.jpg

24 http://animals.nationalgeographic.com/staticfiles/NGS/Shared/StaticFiles/ animals/images/primary/ostrich.jpg

25 http://www.gdargaud.net/Antarctica/Life/RacingPenguin.jpg

26 http://www.treksandtracks.com/kiwibird.jpg

27 http://whatbird.projectwildbird.org/img/4/974/image.aspx?x=322

28 http://www.mikephoto.com/content/binary/sharp-shinned-hawk-bjay-archenemy.jpg

29 http://www.greatblue.com/vbirder/arthur/hifg/mid/r08.jpg

30 http://whatbird.wildbird.com/img/4/1640/image.aspx?x=322

31 http://www.packerlighting.com/CR_WEB/images/thumbnail/ Magnificent%20Frigatebird.JPG

32 http://web2.ccpl.org/prvEmployees/HTML/scienceproject/OnlineExhibits/ AudubonBirds/MagnificentFrigatebird2.jpg

33 http://www.spallek.com/photo/galapagos/June8/Website/_MG_7796.jpg

34 http://www.elharo.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2007/05/yellow-billedcuckoo 8139.jpg

35 http://files.myopera.com/Dudley/albums/28618/Dove5865wb.jpg

36 http://thebirdguide.com/digiscoping/photos/IMG_5254_mourning_dove.jpg

37 http://www.illinoisraptorcenter.org/Field%20Guide/field%20guide% 20pictures/harrierhunts.jpg

38 http://www.naturalsciences.org/education/treks/bonanza/images/ Northern-Harrier-in-flight.jpg

39 http://www.prbo.org/calpif/images/luwa.jpg

40 http://www.camacdonald.com/birding/LucysWarbler(RS).jpg

41 http://www.bobsteelephoto.com/Images/Species_Images/cant/cant_R2M5819.jpg

42 http://dwrcdc.nr.utah.gov/rsgis2/images/Photos/toxocris.jpg

43 http://identify.whatbird.com/img/4/595/image.aspx

44 http://identify.whatbird.com/img/4/601/image.aspx

45 http://www.daylesfordorganic.com/content/ebiz/lightmaker/invt/ organicchickendrumsticks/Chicken_Drumstick.jpg

46 http://kenfuller.20m.com/red_tailed_hawk_1.jpg

47 http://www.sciencebuddies.org/mentoring/project_ideas/Aero_img026.jpg

48 http://www.jrcompton.com/photos/The_Birds/J/Jan_07/_JR58714-coot-lobed-feet.jpg

49 http://www.birdtaxidermist.com/images/talon_toenails_large.jpg

50 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/ Turkey_Feet.jpg/800px-Turkey_Feet.jpg

51 http://www.tolweb.org/tree/ToLimages/ostrich_feet.jpg

52 http://www.backyardnature.net/birdfut1.jpg

53 http://www.nps.gov/history/history/online_books/grinnell/images/fig42.jpg

54 http://www.photosafaris.com/Images/RoadKillRiches/WillowPtarmigan.jpg

55 http://www.fnal.gov/ecology/wildlife/pics/Belted_Kingfisher.jpg

56 http://www.mypets.net.au/petimage2/Amazon%20parrot.jpg

57 http://www.sonoranaudubon.org/Red-naped%20Sapsucker.jpg

58 http://www.battistebedandbirds.com/Elegant%20Trogon.jpg

59 http://identify.whatbird.com/img/4/646/image.aspx

60 http://content.ornith.cornell.edu/UEWebApp/images/ HFC_021004_00322A_S.jpg

61 http://pictopia.com/perl/get_image?provider_id=326&size =550x550_mb&ptp_photo_id=1171497

62 http://www.judyscards.com/files/judyscards/images/Great_Horned_Owl_ on_Branch_0.jpg

63 http://www.birdfinders.co.uk/images/greater-roadrunner-arizona-2007.jpg

64 http://sdakotabirds.com/species/photos/american_kestrel.jpg