curriculum planning manual - sciences
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205 N.W. 63rd Street Oklahoma City, OK 73116800.222.2811 www.amered.com
Science
Curriculum Planning Manual
3LIT3331
Table of Contents
i
Sciences Curriculum Planning Manual Teachers' Guides and Scope & Sequences
Please note: Courses are listed in grade level sequence.
Sciences Overview .................................................. 1
The Sciences I-VIII ................................................. 5 The Sciences I..................................................... 9 The Sciences II ................................................. 15 The Sciences III ................................................ 21 The Sciences IV ................................................. 28 The Sciences V .................................................. 35 The Sciences VI ................................................. 43 The Sciences VII ............................................... 50 The Sciences VIII .............................................. 58
Earth and Space Science ........................................ 66
Physical Science ................................................... 77
Comprehensive Biology .......................................... 93
Chemistry IA ....................................................... 106
Chemistry II ........................................................ 123
Physics ............................................................... 130
Technical Requirements
For detailed workstation specifications, please visit the American Education Corporation’s web site:
www.amered.com/awl_requirements_wba.php
Additionally, some courses require Adobe® Acrobat Reader®, Adobe Flash®, and/or Adobe Shockwave® plug-ins for your browsers. These are available for free from http://www.adobe.com. The required software version numbers are listed on our website (see above).
For those using our Web-based A+LS (WBA+) product, the initial WBA+ screen offers links to download the necessary Adobe Acrobat and Flash files.
For detailed instructions for configuring your browsers to work with A+LS (such as Active X), please see Troubleshooting in the following document on our website:
A Teachers Guide to Web-based A+LS
To access Encyclopædia Britannica® and other Internet based resources found in some courses, a connection to the Internet is required. To view multimedia from these sites a fast connection is recommended.
ii
Copyright © 2013 K12 Inc. All rights reserved. K12 is a registered trademark of K12 Inc.
The K12 logo and other marks referenced herein are trademarks of K12 Inc. and its subsidiaries,
and other marks are owned by third parties.
Adobe, Acrobat Reader, and Flash are registered trademarks of the Adobe Systems Incorporated.
Encyclopædia Britannica is a registered trademark of Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
MetaMetrics, Lexile, and Quantile are registered trademarks of MetaMetrics, Inc.
A+nyWhere Learning System Teachers’ Guide
1
Sciences Overview Grade Levels 1-12 A+LS™ Sciences are comprehensive courses for grade levels 1–12. Major themes of study include scientific inquiry, the history and nature of science, science in perspective, physical science, life science, earth science, and technology. The Sciences will educate students in a variety of topics within the major themes of study. Lessons are designed to take the student from basic knowledge into critical thinking and learning activities.
• The Sciences is a collection of semester- and year-long
courses.
• All lessons contain a study guide, practice and mastery tests, and a written essay, activity, or experiment.
• Lessons include a variety of essay types such as
descriptive, narrative, persuasive, compare and contrast, and letter writing. Additional activities include journals, short reports, summaries, and creating a collage, brochure, or graph. Directions for essays and rubrics for grading are provided for each of the writing assignments. Students will also complete a self-evaluation form to assess their performance.
• Some of the lessons contain images of the human body produced by A.D.A.M. Inc., an award-winning provider of medical images. The high quality and detailed anatomy images add visual reinforcement of lesson content, enhancing the students’ learning experience.
A+nyWhere Learning System Sciences Teachers’ Guide Grade Levels 1–12
2
• Most courses are certified by MetaMetrics® with a Lexile® score.
• Some courses are enriched by Encyclopædia Britannica® Online School Edition (EB) workspaces that contain learning materials. Learning materials may contain articles, games, images, maps, and/or videos.
• The content in these courses is designed to meet and exceed the requirements of the National Science Education
Standards (NSES). These requirements are identified in the following standards: Science Inquiry, Physical Science, Earth and Space Science, Life Science, Science and Technology, Science in Personal and Social Perspectives, and the History and Nature of Science.
• The Sciences focus on science facts, concepts, principles, and theories that are important for all students to know, understand, and use.
• Numerous lessons are associated with the process of design and primary understanding regarding science and its
various links with technology.
• Lessons examine personal and social perspectives of science and allow students to learn about the history and nature of science, as well as to learn about science itself.
A+nyWhere Learning System Sciences Teachers’ Guide Grade Levels 1–12
3
Third-Party Content in A+LS Lessons The Encyclopædia Britannica Online School Edition has teacher resources and student learning materials. The materials include a wide range of interactive lessons, research projects, animations, and worksheets that support many A+LS lessons. Each workspace may contain an article, diagram, study guide, video, or interactive media.
The launch icon for EB objects is located at the top of the A+LS screen in the study guide section.
A+nyWhere Learning System Sciences Teachers’ Guide Grade Levels 1–12
4
The Science courses each contain a variety of lessons and differ in length, grade level, and available features. Listed below are the courses found within the entire curriculum planning manual.
Course Name
Number of Lessons
Length of Course in Semesters
Grade Levels
Lexile Measure
The Sciences I 42 2 1 370L
The Sciences II 44 2 2 480L
The Sciences III 49 2 3 670L
The Sciences IV 49 2 4 770L
The Sciences V 48 2 5 880L
The Sciences VI 45 2 6 890L
The Sciences VII 47 2 7 910L
The Sciences VIII 46 2 8 940L
Earth and Space Science 32 2 9–11 1110L
Physical Science 31 1 9–10 840L
Comprehensive Biology 39 2 9–12 910L
Chemistry IA 53 1 10–12 1100L
Chemistry II 25 1 11–12 1010L
Physics 29 2 11–12
A+nyWhere Learning System Teachers’ Guide
5
The Sciences I-VIII Grade Levels 1-8 A+LS The Sciences I–VIII are comprehensive courses for grade levels 1–8. Major themes of study include scientific inquiry, the history and nature of science, science in perspective, physical science, life science, earth science, and technology. The Sciences will educate students in a variety of topics within the major themes of study. Lessons are designed to take the student from basic knowledge into critical thinking and learning activities.
• The Sciences is a collection of year-long courses.
• All lessons contain a study guide, practice and mastery
tests, and a written essay, activity, or experiment.
• Some of the lessons contain images of the human body produced by A.D.A.M. Inc., an award-winning provider of medical images. The high quality and detailed anatomy images add visual reinforcement of lesson content, enhancing the students’ learning experience.
• All eight courses are certified by MetaMetrics® with a
Lexile® score.
• Some courses are enriched by Encyclopædia Britannica® Online School Edition (EB) workspaces that contain learning materials. Learning materials may contain articles, games, images, maps, and/or videos.
A+nyWhere Learning System The Sciences I–VIII Teachers’ Guide Grade Levels 1–8
6
• The content in these courses is designed to meet and exceed the requirements of the National Science Education
Standards (NSES). These requirements are identified in the following standards: Science Inquiry, Physical Science, Earth and Space Science, Life Science, Science and Technology, Science in Personal and Social Perspectives, and the History and Nature of Science.
• The Sciences focus on science facts, concepts, principles, and theories that are important for all students to know, understand, and use.
• Numerous lessons are associated with the process of design and primary understanding regarding science and its
various links with technology.
• Lessons examine personal and social perspectives of science and allow students to learn about the history and nature of science, as well as to learn about science itself.
A+nyWhere Learning System The Sciences I–VIII Teachers’ Guide Grade Levels 1–8
7
Third-Party Content in A+LS Lessons The Encyclopædia Britannica Online School Edition has teacher resources and student learning materials. The materials include a wide range of interactive lessons, research projects, animations, and worksheets that support many A+LS lessons. Each workspace may contain an article, diagram, study guide, video, or interactive media. The launch icon for EB objects is located at the top of the A+LS
screen in the study guide section.
A+nyWhere Learning System The Sciences I–VIII Teachers’ Guide Grade Levels 1–8
8
Each science course is divided into seven units of study:
Unit 1: Science as Inquiry Unit 2: History and Nature of Science Unit 3: Science in Personal and Social Perspectives Unit 4: Physical Science
Unit 5: Life Science Unit 6: Earth and Space Science Unit 7: Science and Technology
A+nyWhere Learning System Teachers’ Guide
9
The Sciences I Grade Level 1 The Sciences I sparks the natural curiosity of young learners. The lessons present basic scientific concepts and definitions related to physical science, earth and space science, and science and technology. Colorful images provide visual reinforcement to enhance learning. This course helps students discover how we learn by using our senses to observe things around us. The students gain knowledge in understanding matter and machines, living and nonliving things, plants and animals, day and night, our earth's weather, and how we can be like scientists in problem solving . The Sciences I course includes other topics such as:
• defining science and understanding why it is important
• discovering the needs of people
• using our senses to warn us of danger
• learning the difference between natural and human-made objects
A+nyWhere Learning System The Sciences I Scope & Sequence Grade Level 1
Lesson Title Lesson Content Activities
10
Unit 1: Science as Inquiry
1 Observation Learn what observation is. Recognize that scientific knowledge is based on observation and that asking questions is one way people and scientists learn about the world around them.
Essay: Observation
2 Observing Through the Senses
Discover that science uses tools and observations through the senses to make decisions and answer questions about our world.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Observation
3 How Do Scientists Check and Share
Their Work?
Discover how and why scientists share their work and why it is important that scientists check each other's work. Essay: Written Response
Unit 2: History and Nature of Science
4 People and Science Learn what science is and why we study science. Discover how we find out about the world around us and who can be a scientist.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Illustration
5 Inventions Learn what an invention is and discover some important inventions used in daily life.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Illustration
Unit 3: Science in Personal and Social Perspectives
6 Needs That All People Have
Discover some different groups that people live in and learn about the needs they have.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Illustration
7 Safety Discover some things that are harmful to you and realize why it is important to have an adult help you use these things.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Illustration
Unit 4: Physical Science
8 Matter Explore matter using the senses. Discover examples of living and nonliving matter.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Illustration
A+nyWhere Learning System The Sciences I Scope & Sequence Grade Level 1
Lesson Title Lesson Content Activities
11
9 Dividing Matter Learn how matter is grouped according to taste, color, weight, and size. Essay: Activity
10 States of Matter Discover various properties of matter. Identify characteristics and examples of solids, liquids, and gaseous matter.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Illustration
11 Changing Matter Learn how matter can change its state. Discover the process of changing matter from solid, liquid, or gas. Learn how recycling changes the states of matter.
Essay: Illustration
12 Machines Discover how machines help us do work through the concepts of forces, pushing and pulling, and energy sources used by machines.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Illustration
13 Simple Machines Review six simple machines and discover how they make work faster and easier. Realize the concept of a force, such as a push or pull.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Illustration
Unit 5: Life Science
14 Living and Nonliving Things
Discover the differences between living and nonliving things. Understand the importance of food and water for life. Learn how living things grow, move, and reproduce.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Illustration
15 Needs of Living Things
Understand the growth of living things. Discover why living things need shelter, nourishment, air, and water to survive. Essay: Illustration
16 Living Things Discover where living things come from. Find out that families have both shared and unique characteristics. Learn that living things respond to stimuli, such as hunger and danger.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Activity
17 Seeds Learn about different types of seeds. Discover how plants grow from seeds. Identify the parts of a plant, including the roots, stem, and leaves.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Illustration
18 Seeds and Plants Discover the needs of plants, such as sunlight, water, and nutrients. Understand the similarities and differences of plants. Learn how plants produce fruit. Learn the effects the four seasons have on plants.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Illustration
A+nyWhere Learning System The Sciences I Scope & Sequence Grade Level 1
Lesson Title Lesson Content Activities
12
19 Plants Discover how plants grow. Learn the functions of various plant parts, such as roots, stems, leaves, seeds, and flowers.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Illustration
20 People Need Plants Discover why people need plants. Learn how plants are used by people in everyday life for nutrition and as other useful products. Learn how farmers plant seeds to grow crops.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Illustration
21 Animals Discover a variety of characteristics among animals. Learn how animals move and protect themselves from danger. Discover the purpose of different types of animal coverings.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Illustration
22 Animal Growth Discover the growth habits of different animals. Learn how adult animals care for their young. Discover which animals hatch from eggs and which animals live in or near water.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Illustration
23 People Need Animals
Discover the different ways that people need animals. Learn about the places animals can live, such as a zoo, a farm, and the homes of people. Find out the differences between wild animals and tame animals.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Illustration
24 Sensing Your World Discover the world around us by using your senses to determine the shapes, sights, and sounds of your surroundings. Essay: Illustration
25 Using Your Senses Learn about the world around you by seeing, hearing, touching, tasting, and smelling. Learn about using more than one sense at a time.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Illustration
26 Sensing Danger Learn various safety tips and discover how the senses alert us to danger. Discover the danger of fire and the usefulness of smoke and fire alarms, as well as other machines that help keep us safe.
Essay: Illustration
27 Growing and Changing
Learn how food gives us energy and helps us grow. Understand the process of human growth. Discover how germs can make us sick. Essay: Illustration
28 Growth and Health Understand the importance of eating a balanced diet and exercising daily. Learn the purpose of good hygiene and rest for a healthy lifestyle.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Illustration
A+nyWhere Learning System The Sciences I Scope & Sequence Grade Level 1
Lesson Title Lesson Content Activities
13
29 Human Body Identify various parts of the human body, including bones, skin, hair, blood, stomach, and brain. Essay: Written Response
30 Recycling Learn what the environment is and why recycling is important for the environment.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Written Response
Unit 6: Earth and Space Science
31 The Seasons Discover the characteristics of each of the four seasons. Explore the differences in the weather conditions of each season and learn how the changes in the seasons affect plants and animals.
Essay: Illustration
32 Air Learn the properties of air and discover how temperature changes what air does.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Activity
33 The Uses of Air Explore the properties of air and learn how air is important to everyday life. Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Illustration
34 Weather Discover how clouds and rain are formed. Learn what causes the changes in the temperature and the weather. Essay: Illustration
35 Water Cycle Learn that the water cycle involves the oceans, moisture in the air, formation of clouds, and rain falling back into the ocean.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Illustration
36 Rocks and Soil Learn how the earth has changed throughout time. Find out more about dinosaurs, volcanoes, rocks, and soil.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Activity
37 Oceans Discover the characteristics of the ocean. Learn about the temperature of ocean water and how the sun warms the water on the earth. Learn the effect of salt water on plants and discover what lives on the ocean floor.
Essay: Illustration
38 The Sun Discover the size, shape, and location of the sun. Learn how we get heat and light from the sun. Essay: Illustration
A+nyWhere Learning System The Sciences I Scope & Sequence Grade Level 1
Lesson Title Lesson Content Activities
14
39 Day and Night Discover what causes day and night. Learn about the earth's rotation and its relationship to the sun. Essay: Illustration
Unit 7: Science and Technology
40 Problem Solving Learn to identify a simple problem from a series of statements. Determine what technology can be used to solve a problem. Learn how to choose the most effective solution to a simple problem.
Essay: Activity
41 Tools That Scientists Use
Discover what tools are and what tools scientists use to solve problems. Learn to choose an appropriate tool for a specific task. Understand that sometimes scientists must make their own tools, so a problem can be solved.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Illustration
42 Natural and Man-made Objects
Understand that people make some objects while others are found in nature. Determine the difference between natural and man-made objects and discover some examples of each.
Essay: Illustration
A+nyWhere Learning System Teachers’ Guide
15
The Sciences II Grade Level 2 The Sciences II course expands on the basic scientific concepts introduced in the Sciences I. Measurement, magnets, and forms of energy are introduced in this course. Students will study the effects of drugs and alcohol on people and understand how human activities such as burning the rainforests and clearing areas for development affect our environment. The moon, our earth's landforms, and the seasons are also studied. This course recognizes how technology has improved various inventions and methods of transportation. The Sciences II course includes other topics such as:
• recognizing how scientists check and share their work
• identifying different groups of people
• grouping and organizing matter by properties
• discovering the human growth process from infancy to adulthood
A+nyWhere Learning System The Sciences II Scope & Sequence Grade Level 2
Lesson Title Lesson Content Activities
16
Unit 1: Science as Inquiry
1 What Does a Scientist Do?
Discover that a scientist asks questions about the natural world and answers questions by making observations. Learn that scientists use special tools to help them see things and take measurements.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Written Response
2 Observation Learn that scientists ask many kinds of questions and new observations can help us learn new things. Discover the steps used to answer a question and learn to ask questions from observations.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Written Response
3 How do Scientists Check and Share
Their Work?
Recognize that scientists share what they learn. Scientists write down the steps they use to solve a problem. Scientists also check each other's work. Essay: Written Response
Unit 2: History and Nature of Science
4 Early Tools Learn that the earliest humans invented simple tools. Discover examples of simple tools.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Illustration
5 Science Jobs Learn that science is a kind of job that people can have. Recognize various types of scientists and learn that scientists are always learning more about the world around us.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Illustration
Unit 3: Science in Personal and Social Perspectives
6 Groups People Live In
Identify different groups of people. Learn why some groups are big and some are small, as well as what causes groups to be different sizes. Essay: Illustration
Unit 4: Physical Science
7 Matter Learn what matter is, what is made up of matter, and how to measure matter. Realize that matter can be living or nonliving. Discover how the senses can be used to explore matter.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Illustration
A+nyWhere Learning System The Sciences II Scope & Sequence Grade Level 2
Lesson Title Lesson Content Activities
17
8 Grouping Matter Learn to group matter according to taste, color, weight, and size. Organize different objects by texture, hardness, length, and shape.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Experiment
9 States of Matter Learn three states of matter and how to identify solids, liquids, and gases. Discover some properties of matter, including shape, size, and volume.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Written Response
10 Changing Matter Discover how matter can be changed from one state to another. Learn how recycling affects matter and the environment.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Experiment
11 Measurement Learn to use nonstandard methods of measurement. Discover how rulers, thermometers, and scales are used to measure things.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Activity
12 Magnets Discover how magnets push or pull objects. Learn about magnetic poles and find out what types of objects are attracted to magnets.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Experiment
13 Light Energy Recognize light as a form of energy and discover sources of light. Learn the speed of light and how light can do work and be changed into heat or electricity.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Experiment
14 Heat Energy
Recognize heat as a form of energy and discover sources of heat, including the sun and fire. Find out how heat can change the states of matter and how heat is conducted through objects. Learn how to use a thermometer to measure heat.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Written Response
15 Sound Energy Recognize sound as a form of energy and discover how sound waves move through objects. Learn the concept of a vacuum, sound waves, and the sense of hearing.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Experiment
16 Machines Identify various energy sources, such as electricity, wind, sun, water, animals, and people. Learn about the use of force to make machines do work. Discover how food is a source of energy for people.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Written Response
17 Work and Machines Define work and energy. Discover the uses of six simple machines, as well as how each machine works and performs.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Experiment
A+nyWhere Learning System The Sciences II Scope & Sequence Grade Level 2
Lesson Title Lesson Content Activities
18
Unit 5: Life Science
18 Seeds Identify the parts of a seed and learn how seeds grow. Experiment with different seeds. Discover different types of plants, flowers, and trees.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Experiment
19 Seeds and Plants
Identify the needs of plants, including water, nutrients, and sunshine. Learn about the reproduction of plants. Discover how the changing seasons affect plants. Learn about plants that grow in different climates, such as the desert and the rainforest.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Activity
20 Animals Discover the characteristics of animals. Learn various ways animals are grouped, such as mammals, birds, fish, vertebrates, and invertebrates. Learn the purpose of animal coverings.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Written Response
21 Animal Growth Discover how animals grow, develop, and reproduce. Recognize that animals need things such as food and water to survive.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Written Response
22 People Need Animals
Identify different types of animals and become familiar with different places animals live, such as farms, zoos, homes of people, and nature. Recognize the different uses people have for animals, such as pets, working animals, and animal products.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Written Response
23 Growing and Changing
Discover the process of human growth from infancy to adulthood. Learn the importance of a healthy lifestyle consisting of exercise, rest, and a nutritious diet.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Illustration
24 Growth and Health Learn the importance of nutrition, rest, exercise, and hygiene. Discover how these things affect human growth.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Written Response
25 Tobacco, Alcohol, and Drugs
Learn how medications can help people when used properly. Discover the dangers of alcohol and tobacco use. Essay: Activity
26 Using Your Senses Discover how our five senses help us understand our environment. Realize that the body communicates with the brain by using the senses.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Experiment
A+nyWhere Learning System The Sciences II Scope & Sequence Grade Level 2
Lesson Title Lesson Content Activities
19
27 Sensing the World Discover the environment through the senses. Learn the functions of the eyes and the taste buds.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Written Response
28 Our World Realize how living things react to changes in the environment, such as cutting down forests, building roads, factories, and homes, pollution, and draining wetlands.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Written Response
Unit 6: Earth and Space Science
29 Air Learn why life on earth needs air. Study the effects of moving air on objects. Explore the properties of air.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Experiment
30 Air and Weather Identify the characteristics of air and how to measure air pressure. Discover the meaning of low pressure and high pressure. Learn about the different forms of precipitation, as well as different cloud types.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Experiment
31 Clouds Identify clouds and cloud formations. Learn about precipitation. Define meteorologist.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Activity
32 Changes in Weather Identify the characteristics of warm and cold air. Learn about clouds, thunderstorms, wind, rain, and lightning.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Experiment
33 The Seasons Identify the four seasons and discover various natural events that are associated with each season. Explore seasonal temperature and precipitation.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Written Response
34 Landforms Study the changing earth and learn about landforms, such as plains, hills, mountains, rivers, lakes, and glaciers.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Experiment
35 Fresh Water Identify sources of fresh water, such as rain, melting snow, and ice. Discover the importance of dams, ground water, and wells. Learn about water pollution.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Activity
A+nyWhere Learning System The Sciences II Scope & Sequence Grade Level 2
Lesson Title Lesson Content Activities
20
36 Oceans Recognize the difference between ocean water and fresh water. Learn why the human body needs fresh water. Learn about plants and animals that live in the oceans. Discover how the sun warms the oceans.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Illustration
37 The Sun Identify the characteristics of the sun and how it is used as a source of light and heat. Learn what effect the sun has on plants. Experiment with shadows. Study the concept of daytime and nighttime.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Illustration
38 The Sun as a
Source of Heat and Light
Learn about the sun as a source of heat and light. Discover how the sun warms the earth and the air.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Activity
39 Day and Night Recognize the results of the earth's tilt on its axis. Understand rotation, revolution, and the orbit of the earth. Learn how the sun creates daylight and darkness.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Activity
40 The Moon Discover the size of the moon in relation to the earth. Learn how the moon was formed. Identify the characteristics of the moon's surface and the moon's atmosphere.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Activity
Unit 7: Science and Technology
41 Solving Problems with Technology
Recognize the steps needed to solve a problem using technology: identifying the problem, proposing a solution, implementing a solution, and evaluating the product or design.
Essay: Activity
42 Tools That Scientists Use
Discover various tools scientists use to do science. Realize that sometimes scientists are unable to solve problems. Essay: Illustration
43 Natural and Man-made Objects
Discover the difference between natural and man-made objects. Identify examples of each. Essay: Activity
44 Uses of Technology Recognize how technology has influenced the invention of various useful products and how it has improved methods of transportation. Essay: Written Response
A+nyWhere Learning System Teachers’ Guide
21
The Sciences III Grade Level 3 In this course, more emphasis is given to understanding how scientists solve problems and organize observations and data. Students learn about science fair projects and the process of the scientific method. The differences between simple, compound, and complex machines are discussed at this level. Animal populations, habitats, and the food chain are explored by the students, showing the interconnection between all organisms and their environments. Students also study about our earth and the solar system. The Sciences III course includes other topics such as:
• discovering science as a career
• understanding that scientists use the scientific method
• learning about electricity, heat, light, and sound
• identifying the characteristics of living things
A+nyWhere Learning System The Sciences III Scope & Sequence Grade Level 3
Lesson Title Lesson Content Activities
22
Unit 1: Science as Inquiry
1 Asking Questions about Science
Realize we learn by asking questions and that questions come from things we notice about the world. Determine what information is needed to answer a question and discover there are many ways to make observations.
Essay: Written Response
2 Tools for Observation
Recognize that scientists use many different tools to measure and observe things. Understand that scientists ask questions and find answers based on what they observe.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Written Response
3 Scientific Observation
Discover that science is a way to gain knowledge by making observations and that some scientific observations are made through measurement. Essay: Written Response
4 How do Scientists Perform Their Jobs?
Discover that scientists explain the methods used to answer a question. Scientists check and repeat the work of others to make sure results are accurate.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Illustration
5 Science Fair Project Learn the steps to develop a science fair project. Study topic selection, the scientific method, procedures to follow, and how to display your project. Essay: Written Response
Unit 2: History and Nature of Science
6 People and Science Learn that the purpose of science is to learn more about the world around you. Discover some of the reasons people pursue science as a career.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Written Response
7 Inventions Recognize some important inventions that have been developed throughout time. Learn about some notable inventors from the past.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Research
Unit 3: Science in Personal and Social Perspectives
8 Groups People Live In
Identify groups of people. Explore why groups change in size. Discover the meaning of community, population, and rural.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Illustration
A+nyWhere Learning System The Sciences III Scope & Sequence Grade Level 3
Lesson Title Lesson Content Activities
23
9 Human Needs Understand that all humans have basic needs, such as food, water, and shelter. Discover that we get the things we need from the environment.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Illustration
Unit 4: Physical Science
10 All about Matter Identify three states of matter and some properties of matter. Learn that atoms make up matter.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Written Response
11 States of Matter Discover how matter changes states. Explore how mass and matter can be measured. Find out how water evaporates into a gas.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Written Response
12 Electricity Learn about electricity. Discover electrical charges, circuits, currents, and the flow of electricity. Explore conductors and nonconductors, static electricity, batteries, and lightning.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Experiment
13 Heat Recognize heat as an energy source. Determine sources and uses of heat. Define conductors and insulators. Learn about the use of a thermometer to measure heat with Fahrenheit and Celsius scales.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Written Response
14 Light Learn about light as a form of energy and discover sources of light. Determine how light affects objects. Explore the speed of light.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Activity
15 Sound Identify what causes sound. Understand the meanings of vibration, pitch, and sound waves. Learn how sound travels through matter.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Activity
16 Position, Motion, and Magnetism
Learn to describe the position of an object in relation to yourself. Understand that motion is a change of position. Discover how magnets can change the position of some objects.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Activity
17 Force and Friction Explore forces and friction. Learn that a force is a push or a pull. Determine how work is done when an object is moved. Understand the concept of resistance on machines.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Illustration
A+nyWhere Learning System The Sciences III Scope & Sequence Grade Level 3
Lesson Title Lesson Content Activities
24
18 Simple Machines Identify and understand the types of simple machines, including the wheel and axle, lever, inclined plane, pulley, wedge, and screw.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Activity
19 Compound and Complex Machines
Understand the difference between compound and complex machines and identify examples of each.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Activity
Unit 5: Life Science
20 Cells Discover what a cell is. Explore the properties and functions of cells. Learn how cells grow, divide, and reproduce.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Activity
21 Plants Learn important facts about plants. Recognize that plants get water and nutrients from the soil. Identify the functions of various plant parts. Define embryo, seed plants, non-seed plants, and photosynthesis.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Written Response
22 Seeds Discover how seeds are scattered and transported by water, wind, and animals. Learn the basic needs that seeds have for their survival.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Activity
23 Animal Populations Identify animal populations and communities. Learn the difference between herds, flocks, schools, and prides. Identify various endangered species.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Written Response
24 Animals Habitats Define habitat. Discover the importance of protecting animal habitats. Explore the eating habits of various animals and recognize the differences between herbivores, carnivores, and omnivores.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Written Response
25 Insects Identify the parts and features of insects. Study ladybugs, spiders, and butterflies. Learn the meanings of social insects, colonies, and metamorphosis.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Written Response
26 The Food Chain
Discover the steps of a food chain on both land and water. Understand the difference between predators and prey. Learn about the eating habits of various animals. Determine the differences between decomposers, producers, and consumers.
Study: CV Video EB Learning Material
Essay: Written Response
A+nyWhere Learning System The Sciences III Scope & Sequence Grade Level 3
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27 Life Cycles Explore the life cycles of living things including humans, butterflies, mealworms, and frogs. Discover how different animals are born. Learn the meanings of decomposition, biosphere, and metamorphosis.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Observation
28 Stimuli Recognize that stimuli can be internal or external and that people react to stimuli. Discover the difference between internal and external stimuli. Understand what behavior, response, and reaction are.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Written Response
29 Bones and Muscles Discover how bones help move and support the body and protect internal organs. Learn that bones are living tissue. Learn what bone marrow is.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Written Response
30 The Brain Learn about the function and composition of the human brain and the nervous system. Discover the differences between the left and right hemispheres of the brain. Understand long-term and short-term memory.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Written Response
31 A Healthy Body Discover what is necessary to have a healthy body. Learn the importance of nutrition, exercise, and personal hygiene. Learn how to prevent illness. Identify the differences between germs, viruses, and bacteria.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Activity
32 Conservation Understand the importance of preservation and conservation of animal and plant habitats. Discover the effect of pollution and acid rain on the environment. Realize the importance of recycling.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Activity
33 The Environment Recognize that people affect the environment in many ways. Learn about air pollution, water pollution, and littering. Discover the importance of reducing, reusing, and recycling.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Illustration
A+nyWhere Learning System The Sciences III Scope & Sequence Grade Level 3
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Unit 6: Earth and Space Science
34 The Atmosphere Identify atmospheric layers, including the troposphere, ionosphere, and stratosphere. Determine how the atmosphere relates to life on earth. Learn about the formation of weather in the atmosphere.
Study: CV Video EB Learning Material
Essay: Written Response
35 Water in the Air Discover the process of the water cycle. Learn how frost forms. Learn about water vapor, precipitation, humidity, dew, and dew point.
Study: CV Video EB Learning Material
Essay: Written Response
36 Water
Discover where salt water and fresh water are found. Identify the kind of water that is in the oceans, glaciers, lakes, rivers, ponds, and in the ground. Learn the process of the water cycle and the meanings of evaporation and condensation.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Written Response
37 Inside Our Earth Discover the appearance of earth from space and understand the earth is a sphere. Identify the layers of the earth, including the crust, mantle, and core. Define and recognize landforms, such as islands, valleys, and mountains.
Study: CV Video EB Learning Material
Essay: Illustration
38 The Changing Earth Discover how weathering and erosion affect the earth. Learn about soil and rocks and how wind, water, and glaciers cause erosion.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Experiment
39 Rocks and Minerals
Learn about rocks and minerals. Explore the properties of minerals, including color, weight, and hardness. Recognize the differences between igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks. Define magnetic minerals, sediments, and mineralogists.
Study: CV Video EB Learning Material
Essay: Activity
40 Oceans Identify the Atlantic, Indian, Pacific, Arctic, and Southern oceans. Learn how the oceans affect weather and produce food. Define ocean waves, crest, trough, wavelength, tsunamis, ocean currents, and tides.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Written Response
41 The Seasons Review the four seasons and understand how the tilt of the earth causes the seasons to occur. Learn about the temperatures and events that are associated with the seasons.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Illustration
A+nyWhere Learning System The Sciences III Scope & Sequence Grade Level 3
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42 Planetary Orbits Discover the effects of gravity. Learn about the orbits of the earth and the moon. Find out what an eclipse is. Explore the rotation of the earth.
Study: CV Video EB Learning Material
Essay: Activity
43 The Moon Learn about the moon. Examine the orbit and phases of the moon and the moon's surface and atmosphere. Discover the relationship between the earth and the moon.
Study: CV Video EB Learning Material
Essay: Interview
44 The Sun
Discover the composition of the sun. Learn how the sun affects life on earth and the growth of living things. Learn about the sun as a star. Compare the temperature of the sun and the planets. Realize the elliptical orbits of the planets.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Activity
45 The Solar System Explore the solar system, including galaxies, the Milky Way, the asteroid belt, and the identification of the inner and outer planets.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Research
Unit 7: Science and Technology
46 How Tools Are Invented
Discover why tools were invented and some of the ways people use tools. Identify some of the tools that people use.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Illustration
47 Solving Problems with Technology
Recognize the steps to solving problems with technology. Understand the meanings of technology, problem, solution, and evaluation. Essay: Presentation
48 Computers
Learn about the development of the computer as well as terminology associated with the computer, such as memory, bytes, output, input, and data. Discover more about the modern computer and find out what an abacus is.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Written Response
49 Natural and Man-made Tools Identify objects used as tools as natural or man-made. Study: EB Learning Material
Essay: Illustration
A+nyWhere Learning System Teachers’ Guide
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The Sciences IV Grade Level 4 The explanation of science fair projects and the scientific method is continued in the Sciences IV. The students expand their knowledge of inventions that have changed the world and explore careers in science. Investigations into magnetism and motion are also presented. Students explore the cell and its parts and learn about cell division. Lessons examine the changing earth including the rock cycle, earthquakes, and volcanoes. A distinction is made between inner planets, outer planets, and beyond the solar system. Included at this level is a discussion of computer terms, parts, and uses. The Sciences IV course includes other topics such as:
• studying different types of populations and how they increase and decrease
• learning the importance of maintaining a healthy body
• determining the difference between renewable and nonrenewable resources and methods of conserving these resources
• recognizing how science and technology have changed the world
A+nyWhere Learning System The Sciences IV Scope & Sequence Grade Level 4
Lesson Title Lesson Content Activities
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Unit 1: Science as Inquiry
1 Inquiry Discover how scientists develop questions based on observations, how they share their work with other scientists, and how they check the work done by other scientists.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Experiment
2 Data Collection Learn how scientists use reasoning, observation, and prior knowledge to answer questions about the world around them. Learn about the tools that scientists use to collect data.
Essay: Activity
3 Science Fair Project Explore the development of science fair projects. Identify the steps of the scientific method.
Study: Essay: Written Response
Unit 2: History and Nature of Science
4 Inventions Examine some inventions that have changed the world. Find out how new inventions affect all parts of the world differently. Recognize how the products of technology can harm people, animals, or plants.
Essay: Activity
5 Careers in Science Explore some careers in science. Learn about some important scientists who have made a difference in the world because of their work.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Research
Unit 3: Science in Personal and Social Perspectives
6 Populations Study different types of populations and how populations can increase and decrease. Recognize the method for counting people and learn about population density.
Essay: Written Response
Unit 4: Physical Science
7 Matter Explore the solid, liquid, and gaseous states of matter. Identify physical and chemical properties of matter. Discover how matter is measured.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Written Response
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8 Electricity Discover what causes electric currents. Learn about different types of circuits, conductors, and insulators. Understand ways to stay safe around electricity.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Activity
9 Magnetism Examine magnetic forces. Learn how magnets work and what objects attract magnets. Discover that the earth is a magnet and how compasses use the earth’s magnetic force.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Experiment
10 Heat Identify heat as a source of energy. Discover sources and uses of heat. Find out how heat is transferred from one object to another as well as how heat is measured.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Experiment
11 Light Identify light as a form of energy. Examine sources of light, uses of light, and the measurement of the speed of light. Recognize how light affects objects and how objects affect light.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Experiment
12 Sound Learn what causes sound and how it is measured. Define and identify examples of vibrations, pitch, and sound waves. Discover how sound is reflected and absorbed by different objects.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Experiment
13 Motion Describe the position of one object in relation to another. Understand Isaac Newton's three laws of motion. Learn how to use reference points to determine if an object is in motion and how to calculate the speed of motion.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Experiment
Unit 5: Life Science
14 Cells Identify the parts of cells. Determine why cells are important. Learn about cell division in plants and animals.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Diagram
15 Living Things Identify five groups of living things: bacteria, protists, fungi, plants, and animals. Discover the characteristics and functions of each group.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Observation
16 Flowering Plants
Identify the parts of a flower and the function of each part. Identify the parts of a plant cell. Examine how plants make their own food by the process of photosynthesis. Learn how plants reproduce through pollination and fertilization.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Written Response
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17 Insects Study insect features, helpful and harmful insects, and insect adaptations. Examine traits and habits of the butterfly and ladybug. Discover how many insects grow and change through the process of metamorphosis.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Research
18 Animal Life Cycles Examine animal life cycles. Recognize the difference between live birth and animals that hatch from eggs. Understand how animals grow and mature differently though each animal follows the stages of birth, growth, and death.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Diagram
19 Food Chains Discover how food chains operate on land and in the oceans. Learn about ecological dangers that interfere with food chains.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Diagram
20 Animal Behavior Explore the behavior of animals and the stimuli that affect behavior. Learn about different animals' instincts and how those instincts are important for survival.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Research
21 Animal Populations
Examine populations of different kinds of animals. Recognize how animals depend on the environment and each other for survival. Study animals that have become endangered or extinct. Discover how animal populations can be controlled.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Written Response
22 Animal Habitats Explore the habitats in which animals live. Find out how habitats meet the needs of the animals. Learn about various eating habits and adaptations of animals. Recognize how people can change animal habitats.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Activity
23 Plant and Animal Adaptations
Explore various plant and animal adaptations used for survival. Define adaptation and instinct.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Activity
24 The Basic Needs Discover the things that all people must have in order to survive. Examine the importance of good nutrition, exercise, and following rules and laws.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Written Response
25 A Healthy Body Learn to maintain a healthy body by practicing good hygiene and by avoiding toxins, such as alcohol, drugs, and tobacco.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Written Response
26 Our Senses Discover how the human body uses senses to make observations. Identify the senses of sight, touch, smell, taste, and hearing.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Written Response
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27 Resources Define natural and man-made resources as well as renewable and nonrenewable resources. Learn ways to use the earth's resources wisely and conserve them for the future.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Written Response
28 Environmental Changes
Determine environmental resources that are important to everyday life. Understand how people affect the environment in positive and negative ways.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Interview
29 Conservation Recognize the importance of conservation and the preservation of the earth's resources.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Written Response
Unit 6: Earth and Space Science
30 The Water Cycle Examine the water cycle. Discover how the earth's water is continually recycled by evaporation, condensation, and precipitation. Identify different types of precipitation and how they are formed.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Activity
31 Clouds Identify various types of clouds. Determine how clouds are formed, where they are located in the sky, and how they are classified. Learn how to predict the weather by knowing what kind of weather each type of cloud brings.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Journal Writing
32 Weather Identify the different layers of the earth's atmosphere. Discover what causes changes in the weather. Learn about the formation of wind, water vapor, humidity, precipitation, dew, and frost.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Journal Writing
33 Weather Prediction Discover how weather predictions are made and how predictions help people. Learn about the tools used to predict weather and weather patterns.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Activity
34 Inside Our Earth Explore what the earth looks like from space. Identify the earth's different layers. Learn about the natural resources that are provided by the earth and its atmosphere. Understand how people use these resources for survival.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Activity
35 The Changing Earth Discover how the crust of the earth can be changed by weathering and erosion. Learn what these forces are and how they affect the earth.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Activity
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36 Rocks, Minerals, and Soil
Examine mineral features and characteristics. Find out how rocks are formed and changed through the rock cycle. Learn how rocks turn to soil. Discover how the soils of the earth vary in their physical properties.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Written Response
37 Earthquakes Study the causes of earthquakes. Define terms associated with earthquakes. Identify where faults are located. Find out how earthquakes are measured.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Illustration
38 Volcanoes Understand volcanoes. Define terms associated with volcanoes. Identify different types of volcanoes and eruptions. Find out what the Ring of Fire is and where it is located.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Written Response
39 The Earth Examine the earth from space. Learn how gravitational force keeps the earth in its orbit around the sun. Discover how the earth's rotation on its axis affects the earth. Learn about the earth's moon.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Activity
40 The Moon
Explore the surface of the moon. Learn about its composition and atmosphere. Find out how the moon's orbit causes the different phases of the moon. Learn about solar and lunar eclipses. Identify who first walked on the moon.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Activity
41 The Solar System Explore the solar system. Identify the inner and outer planets. Describe asteroids, meteors, and comets.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Research
42 The Inner Planets Examine the features of Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars. Identify the asteroid belt. Study how space probes have been used to learn about space.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Written Response
43 The Outer Planets Learn about Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. Examine the orbits and features of each.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Illustration
44 The Sun Study the characteristics of the sun. Learn about the sun's size, temperature, and composition. Learn about the sun's gravitational pull on the planets. Recognize how the sun benefits the earth.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Letter Writing
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45 Beyond the Solar System
Explore the Milky Way Galaxy and examine the stars and constellations within it. Identify instruments used to explore the solar system. Discuss how distance is measured in space and how stars have been used for navigation.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Activity
Unit 7: Science and Technology
46 Changes in Science Recognize how science and technology have changed the world. Identify some scientists whose inventions have improved technology. Discuss how science and technology are constantly improving.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Activity
47 Technology Explore how technology can be used to solve problems. Learn to recognize, carry out, and evaluate a technological solution to a simple problem. Essay: Written Response
48 Tools Examine why and how scientists invent tools. Identify examples of tools that science has helped develop. Discuss natural and man-made tools. Explore what it takes to become a scientist.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Activity
49 Computers Learn about the development of technology. Identify computer terms, parts, features, and uses. Essay: Research
A+nyWhere Learning System Teachers’ Guide
35
The Sciences V Grade Level 5 Students gain understanding of the importance of research, observation, data collection, hypothesizing, and analyzing as used in the scientific method. Students discover the makeup of atoms and the composition of molecules, elements, and compounds. This course explores the relationship between magnetism and electricity and the various types of electric circuits. A study of the major human body systems and their functions is also included. An investigation is made of plate tectonics, earthquakes, volcanoes, and tsunamis and how they affect land formation. Students study climatic and geological natural disasters and how scientists monitor and prepare for them. The Sciences V course includes other topics such as:
• reviewing guidelines for safety in the laboratory
• studying diseases, bacteria, and viruses
• investigating characteristics and phases of the moon and the Apollo space program
• understanding ecosystems, consumers, producers, and decomposers
A+nyWhere Learning System The Sciences V Scope & Sequence Grade Level 5
Lesson Title Lesson Content Activities
36
Unit 1: Science as Inquiry
1 Inquiry Explore how scientific knowledge grows and how scientists work together and collect data.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Experiment
2 Data Collection Explain how scientists collect data. Recognize the variety of tools used to gather this information. Essay: Experiment
3 The Scientific Method
Review skills necessary to complete the process of the scientific method. Learn to develop a hypothesis, use a logbook, analyze data, and form a conclusion.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Experiment
4 Science Fair Project Learn to use the scientific method for a science fair project. Discover research strategies. Learn to organize and present a project using visual aids, a display board, and a logbook. Identify the components of a logbook.
Essay: Activity
Unit 2: History and Nature of Science
5 The Process of Science
Examine the process scientists use while doing research, including observation, reasoning, sharing, testing, and evaluation. Essay: Written Response
6 Contributions Made by Scientists
Identify three important scientists and the contributions they have made to society. Recognize that new ideas are sometimes hard for society to accept. Understand how knowledge is valued by different cultures.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Research
7 Inventions Understand that inventions are made to meet the needs of people. Identify some inventors of the past, including Galileo and Newton. Realize inventions meet a need, make life easier, and provide entertainment.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Activity
8 Careers in Science Explore some careers in science, including chemist, biologist, and astronaut. Learn the difference between career and job.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Research
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Lesson Title Lesson Content Activities
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Unit 3: Science in Personal and Social Perspectives
9 Hazards Recognize hazards in the environment. Examine hazards associated with chemicals, electricity, and natural gas.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Activity
10 Personal Safety Learn the importance of safe practices during play. Examine specific safety tips when swimming and cycling. Realize the dangers of animals. Essay: Written Response
11 Safety in the Science Lab
Review safety rules for a science lab. Review general guidelines for laboratory behavior, clothing guidelines, and what to do in case of an accident. Essay: Activity
Unit 4: Physical Science
12 All About Atoms Discover that matter is made up of atoms. Discover that atoms are made up of neutrons, protons, and electrons. Learn about elements, molecules, and compounds.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Written Response
13 Matter and Elements
Discuss mass and the states of matter: solids, liquids, gases, and plasma. Identify the differences between atoms, elements, molecules, and compounds.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Written Response
14 Electricity Understand what electricity is and how it travels. Compare different types of electricity and electric currents. Study magnets and the relationship of electricity and magnetism.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Diagram
15 Electric Circuits Recognize different types of electric circuits. Explore how electrons move to create electricity. Identify electronics, transmitters, transistors, microprocessors, and types of integrated circuits.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Written Response
A+nyWhere Learning System The Sciences V Scope & Sequence Grade Level 5
Lesson Title Lesson Content Activities
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Unit 5: Life Science
16 Cells and Needs of Living Things
Identify the needs of living things. Explore single-celled organisms. Recognize cells as the building blocks of life. Define metabolism, oxidation, cell, mitosis, amoeba, and protoplasm.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Written Response
17 Living Things Discover how organisms inherit genes and traits. Learn about the male and female parts of a flower and the functions of each part. Understand how form is related to function with regard to living systems.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Written Response
18 Animal Adaptations
Discover a variety of adaptations used by animals for survival in their environment. Find out how animal body parts, structure, and teeth aid in survival. Describe camouflage, mimicry, warm-blooded and cold-blooded animals, and hibernation.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Written Response
19 Body Systems Recognize the major systems of the human body and their functions. Identify the major components of each system and determine how the various parts work.
Study: A.D.A.M. Images EB Learning Material
Essay: Written Response
20 The Digestive System
Explore the function of the digestive system. Identify the salivary glands, esophagus, stomach, pancreas, liver, and intestines. Explore what happens to food after it is eaten and how it is changed into a form usable to the body.
Study: A.D.A.M. Images EB Learning Material
Essay: Narrative Writing
21 Comparing Digestive Systems
Compare the digestive systems of humans and other animals. Focus on differences between the digestive systems of herbivores and carnivores. Distinguish which system is most similar to the human digestive system.
Study: A.D.A.M. Images EB Learning Material
Essay: Written Response
22 Alcohol, Drugs, and Tobacco
Learn the dangers associated with tobacco, drug, and alcohol use. Discover the harmful effects they can have on your body.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Written Response
23 Sex and Reproduction
Understand that sex is a normal biological function in adult animals. Discuss how the human body changes as it grows from childhood to adulthood. Understand how reproduction occurs.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Written Response
A+nyWhere Learning System The Sciences V Scope & Sequence Grade Level 5
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24 Nutrition Discover how to maintain a healthy body by eating the correct foods. Understand the food pyramid and learn what makes food healthy. Learn about sugars, proteins, fats, minerals, vitamins, fiber, and carbohydrates.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Activity
25 Diseases Learn about bacteria and viruses. Discuss the immune system and how the immune system works to protect the body from disease. Identify the lymph system, antibodies, antigens, antibiotics, and vaccines.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Activity
26 Climate and Life Examine six major biomes on earth: deciduous forests, tropical rainforests, grasslands, deserts, tundra, and taiga. Understand tropical, temperate, and polar climate zones.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Written Response
27 Ecology
Examine ecology and the differences between a community, population, ecosystem, and habitat. Determine what organisms are producers, consumers, and decomposers. Learn how a food chain functions. Determine some causes of population changes.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Narrative Writing
28 Energy and Conservation
Learn the difference between renewable and nonrenewable energy. Discover a variety of ways to recycle products and conserve energy.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Research
29 Environmental Resources
Explore various environmental resources available on earth. Recognize what humans are doing to affect those resources.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Illustration
A+nyWhere Learning System The Sciences V Scope & Sequence Grade Level 5
Lesson Title Lesson Content Activities
40
Unit 6: Earth and Space Science
30 Atmosphere and Climate
Identify the layers of the atmosphere. Discuss how changes in the atmosphere can affect global climate. Understand the greenhouse effect. Learn the difference between weather and climate. Discuss factors that affect the climate for a given area.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Written Response
31 Air Examine air pressure, air density, and how air pressure is measured. Study the cause of wind, the jet stream, and global wind patterns.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Activity
32 Water in the Air
Learn the difference between humidity and relative humidity. Discover the process of the water cycle. Define evaporation, condensation, and precipitation. Understand the uses of weather tools, such as the psychrometer and the barometer.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Experiment
33 Air Masses and Fronts
Examine air pressure and air masses. Identify the four different types of fronts: cold, warm, stationary, and occluded. Discuss how weather changes as fronts move through an area.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Activity
34 Types of Storms Discover an explanation for storms. Explore tornadoes, hurricanes, and other large storm systems. Describe wind shear, vortex, funnel clouds, and weather watches and warnings. Discuss Doppler and NEXRAD radar.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Written Response
35 The Earth’s Layers Examine the three major layers of the earth and the components of each layer. Learn about continental drift and plate tectonics. Describe spreading, fracture, and colliding boundaries.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Written Response
36 Geologic Processes Understand the geologic processes of erosion, volcanism, and uplift. Discuss the differences in chemical and physical weathering. Explain how acid rain increases the rate of chemical weathering.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Research
37 Plate Tectonics and Earthquakes
Examine plate tectonics and how it affects land formation. Discover what causes earthquakes and tsunamis. Understand how earthquakes are measured. Learn about mid-ocean ridges.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Research
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41
38 Volcanoes Discuss three different types of volcanoes: shield, composite, and cinder. Identify two types of igneous rock: basalt and granite. Understand the difference between lava and magma.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Illustration
39 Natural Hazards Identify types of natural hazards, climatic and geological. Recognize scientists and agencies that monitor and prepare for natural hazards.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Activity
40 The Moon Study the characteristics and phases of the moon. Discuss eclipses, waxing, and waning. Understand that the moon is a natural satellite of the earth. Review the Apollo space program.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Written response
41 Planetary Orbits Discover how inertia and gravity keep planets in their orbits. Define orbital velocity, aphelion, and perihelion. Distinguish between a planet's rotation and revolution.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Calculation
42 The Inner Planets Identify features of the inner planets. Discuss the rotation and revolution of each planet. Determine the differences between meteors, meteoroids, and meteorites, as well as asteroids and comets.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Activity
43 The Outer Planets Identify features of the outer planets. Discuss how technology increases man's ability to understand the solar system.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Research
44 Stars Learn about galaxies and stars. Examine the life stages of stars, including nova, supernovas, white dwarfs, and black holes. Describe quasars.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Narrative Writing
Unit 7: Science and Technology
45 Uses of Technology Discover the relationship between science and technology. Discuss examples of technology in science, including various telescopes, the use of DNA, nuclear energy, and radioactivity.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Written Response
46 Solving Problems with Technology
Discuss how technology can be used to solve problems. Evaluate the outcome of technical solutions. Essay: Written Response
A+nyWhere Learning System The Sciences V Scope & Sequence Grade Level 5
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47 Science and Technology
Examine how science and technology depend on each other. Identify the six basic types of technology: communication, transportation, construction, energy and power, manufacturing, and biological and chemical.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Written Response
48 The Effects of Technology
Recognize how the knowledge of science impacts our lives. Explain how technology influences society. Define assembly line, microchip, and electronic-mail.
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A+nyWhere Learning System Teachers’ Guide
43
The Sciences VI Grade Level 6 In the Sciences VI, students continue to investigate the process of scientific inquiry through experimentation. Exploration is made into various forms of energy including nuclear, geothermal, and solar. This course offers a study of the characteristics of light and how force affects motion. Students explore the phases of the moon, the characteristics and properties of the sun, the life cycle of stars, black holes, and quasars. Communicable and noncommunicable diseases are also reviewed. The Sciences VI course includes other topics such as:
• discovering the difference between basic science and applied science
• exploring atoms and the periodic table
• explaining the cell theory and how living things grow and reproduce
• investigating extinction and theories of planet change
A+nyWhere Learning System The Sciences VI Scope & Sequence Grade Level 6
Lesson Title Lesson Content Activities
44
Unit 1: Science as Inquiry
1 Inquiry Explore how and why scientists conduct experiments, what variables are measured, and how they draw conclusions from their results. Recognize the importance of using correct tools and standards in measurement.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Experiment
2 Data Collection Examine how and why scientists collect data. Identify a variety of tools scientists use to gather data. Discuss how technology affects the ways in which scientists collect data.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Written Response
3 Scientific Method Describe the steps of the scientific method. Review topic identification, hypothesis, experimentation, and conclusions. Describe the application of the scientific method in making a science fair project.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Written Response
Unit 2: History and Nature of Science
4 The Process of Science
Discover processes used during scientific research. Learn that science is based on rigorous and repeated testing and that some scientific ideas are disputed due to a lack of supporting evidence. Understand what ethical obligations scientists have.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Written Response
5 Contributions Made by Scientists
Examine significant contributions made by several important scientists: Marie Curie, Lewis Latimer, and Thomas Edison. Recognize that some scientific ideas that were once rejected are now accepted.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Research
6 Inventions and Society
Explain how the needs of society have impacted what new technology we have. Recognize how technology has improved the quality of life all over the world. Examine plastics, prostheses, and electricity.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Activity
7 Careers in Science Recognize some exciting careers in science, including engineer, marine biologist, ecologist, and astronomer.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Research
A+nyWhere Learning System The Sciences VI Scope & Sequence Grade Level 6
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Unit 3: Science in Personal and Social Perspectives
8 How We Think about Science
Discover how scientific knowledge changes the way people think. Define risks and benefits. Understand how critical thinking is used in decision making.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Written Response
9 Safety in the Science Lab
Review the basic safety procedures and science laboratory rules. Recognize science safety symbols. Essay: Activity
Unit 4: Physical Science
10 Atoms Identify the states of matter and what makes up matter. Explain atoms, protons, neutrons, electrons, molecules, elements, compounds, and the periodic table.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Written Response
11 Matter Explore the various states of matter and how matter changes form. Discuss how temperature affects atoms and the molecules that make up matter.
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Written Response
12 Compounds and Molecules
Define and give examples of mixtures, compounds, molecules, elements, and solutions. Essay: Activity
13 Forms of Energy Define energy as the ability to do work. Explore sources of energy, including fossil fuels, nuclear, geothermal, and solar energy. Discover how energy is in a continual cycle of change between potential and kinetic forms.
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14 Electricity
Determine the difference between kinetic and potential energy. Discover how electrical energy is generated and how it flows from one object to another. Learn about amperes, voltage, conductors, insulators, and alternating and direct currents.
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15 Chemical and Nuclear Energy
Understand some various forms of energy: potential energy, kinetic energy, chemical energy, and nuclear energy. Learn about sources of energy, nuclear fission, nuclear fusion, and radiation.
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16 Characteristics of Light
Define light, light frequencies, light spectrum, and spectral lines. Discuss different types of lenses. Understand the makeup of the human eye.
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17 Images and Refraction
Explore how light rays travel and are absorbed, reflected, or transmitted by objects. Understand reflection and refraction of light. Discover how light affects what we see.
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18 Using Forces Determine how force affects motion. Learn about Newton's laws of inertia, gravitational forces, matched forces, newtons, joules, and the effects of friction.
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Unit 5: Life Science
19 Cells Explore the cell theory, the parts of the cell, and how cells grow and reproduce.
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20 Characteristics of Living Things
Learn the differences between living and nonliving things. Define metabolism, respiration, elimination, reproduction, cell, amoeba, protoplasm, oxidation, and the cell theory.
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21 Comparing Sexual
and Asexual Reproduction
Discover the difference between asexual and sexual reproduction. Learn that DNA traits and chromosomes are inherited from parents. Explore the process of meiosis. Describe how single-celled organisms reproduce.
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22 Adaptation Explain that similar species in different environments can adapt differently. Review various theories on how organisms adapt. Define overproduction, natural selection, genetic traits, species, and mutations.
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23 Extinction Understand that many species have become extinct since life on earth began. Explain theories of planet change that may be reasons why species become extinct.
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24 The Reproduction of Flowering Plants
Discover how flowering plants reproduce. Learn about the different parts of the plant, including the male and female parts of a flower. Define pollination, fertilization, organism, cell, and species.
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25 Plant Growth Learn about stimuli and responses. Find out why plants react the way they do in certain environmental conditions. Discover the meaning of tropism and learn what causes this to occur.
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26 The Nervous System
Examine the nervous system. Identify the parts and their functions. Define spinal cord, brain, neurons, and reflexes.
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27 Exercise and Nutrition
Explain the benefits of exercise and proper nutrition in achieving and maintaining good health.
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28 Alcohol, Drugs, and Tobacco
Understand that tobacco, drug, and alcohol use can harm a person's health. Identify diseases associated with the use of tobacco, drug, and alcohol abuse, including emphysema, alcoholism, cirrhosis, and fetal alcohol syndrome.
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29 Personal Safety Recognize the importance of personal safety in a science lab, on the school bus, and as a pedestrian. Understand that pregnancy is a risky situation. Explain how to protect oneself from pregnancy.
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30 Diseases Discuss communicable and noncommunicable diseases. Describe AIDS and sickle-cell anemia. Define microbes, pathogens, viruses, and bacteria.
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31 The Environment
Discuss the differences between ecosystems, populations, and communities. Discover various biomes, such as deciduous forests, taiga, grasslands, tundra, and rainforests. Learn about environmental change, climate zones, temperature, and precipitation.
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32 Environmental Resources
Explain the need for more environmental resources as populations grow. Explore renewable and nonrenewable resources. Understand environmental pollution and the actions needed to correct it.
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Unit 6: Earth and Space Science
33 Climate and Atmosphere
Identify various weather terms. Describe the five layers of the atmosphere. Understand the difference between weather and climate. Explain the greenhouse effect and global warming.
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34 Water in the Air Discuss how air pressure and relative humidity can be used to forecast the weather. Describe how to measure air pressure and relative humidity. Understand the difference between relative humidity and dew point.
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35 Natural Hazards Examine different kinds of hazards that occur in the environment, including floods, thunderstorms, tornadoes, droughts, wildfires, and landslides. Identify unseen hazards, such as carbon monoxide and radon gases.
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36 Erosion and Weathering
Learn how physical and chemical weathering affect changes on the earth's surface. Discuss how erosion occurs. Describe how pollution causes acid rain.
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37 Minerals Discuss how minerals are formed. Examine ways minerals can be identified by color, luster, hardness, streak, cleavage, and density. Define rocks, gems, ores, and dietary minerals.
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38 The Moon Discover the phases of the moon, characteristics of the moon, and the effects of the moon on the earth. Describe solar and lunar eclipses. Discuss the Apollo space program.
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39 The Planets Explain planetary days and years. Describe the eight planets and their locations in the solar system. Define planet and dwarf planet.
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40 Planets and Their Orbits
Distinguish the orbits of the planets. Discuss orbital velocity, inertia, gravity, and friction as they relate to orbits. Understand planetary days and years. Discover how the tilt of a planet's axis affects seasons.
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41 The Sun Discuss the sun and its properties. Learn about nuclear fusion. Understand that the sun is the center of the solar system.
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42 Layers of the Sun Identify the six layers of the sun. Discuss solar winds, solar prominences, and solar flares.
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43 Beyond the Solar System
Explore space beyond the solar system. Explain the life cycle of a star. Understand temperature determines star color. Define thermonuclear fusion, nebulae, nova, pulsar, black hole, and quasars.
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Unit 7: Science and Technology
44 Using Technology in Science
Discuss how science and technology work together. Discover the difference between basic science and applied science. Understand how technology and tools advance scientific knowledge.
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45 The Effects of Technology
Understand many problems in society can be solved using technology. Examine the process of finding technological solutions. Recognize positive and negative effects of these solutions, including cost, practicality, and impact on society.
Essay: Written Response
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The Sciences VII Grade Level 7 This course reviews the ethical and moral obligations of scientists regarding scientific research. Students identify the five oceans and study the composition of ocean water, the various depths and the living organisms present, and the ocean food chain. A discussion is presented of natural selection, Darwin's theory of evolution, adaptations, and mutations. Students investigate how plants use the sun's energy during the process of photosynthesis. A study of the constellations and how they were named is presented. The development and use of technology including robots, artificial skin, and genetic engineering is discussed. The Sciences VII course includes other topics such as:
• examining the process of mitosis
• understanding binomial nomenclature
• reviewing human body systems
• studying the earth's rotation and revolution
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Unit 1: Science as Inquiry
1 Inquiry Explore scientific theory as the basis for new knowledge, the evaluation of scientific work, and how new scientific methods and technologies are developed.
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2 Data Collection Learn how and why scientists collect data and the role mathematics plays in data collection. Discover how technology affects the way scientists collect data.
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3 Science Skills Discuss the scientific method and other skills useful in the study of science. Explore how experiments can be controlled. Learn to use deductive and inductive reasoning to draw conclusions.
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4 Science Fair Project Review the scientific method and discover tips for completing a science fair project. Learn research techniques, preparation of the bibliography, and presentation skills.
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Unit 2: History and Nature of Science
5 The Process of Science
Explain what science is. Review the scientific method. Know the ethical obligations of scientists when they conduct research on human subjects. Understand that scientists evaluate each other's work and not all scientists interpret data the same way.
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6 Contributions Made by Scientists
Recognize two important scientists, Charles Drew and Lise Meitner, and the contributions they have made to society. Understand that ideas introduced by scientists are sometimes hard for society to accept.
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7 Careers in Science Discover some of the exciting careers in engineering. Identify characteristics and traits common to most scientists.
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Unit 3: Science in Personal and Social Perspectives
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8 Hazards Discover the difference between natural hazards and non-natural hazards. Examine safety tips for dealing with hazards. Discuss terrorism as a social hazard.
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Unit 4: Physical Science
9 Atoms Identify parts of an atom, including electron, neutron, and proton. Examine models of the atom, including the electron cloud and Bohr models. Discuss the characteristics of elements.
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Essay: Diagram
10 Matter Identify the states of matter, including solid, liquid, gas, and plasma. Discuss sublimation, evaporation, condensation, physical changes, chemical changes, viscosity, compounds, mixtures, and solutions.
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Essay: Experiment
11 Chemical Reactions Review atoms and matter. Explain physical and chemical changes to matter. Learn about compounds, molecules, chemical reactions, and ionic and covalent bonds.
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Essay: Experiment
12 Energy and Simple Machines
Discuss potential and kinetic energy. Explain forms of energy, including nuclear, electrical, chemical, mechanical, and radiant. Learn the definition and formula for work. Explore examples of simple machines.
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13 Electricity Discover facts about electrical charges, static electricity, currents, series and parallel circuits, fuses, and circuit breakers.
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14 Motion Learn about motion, distance, time, speed, and the formula for determining distance. Recognize the difference between mass and weight. Examine velocity and inertia as they relate to motion.
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Unit 5: Life Science
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15 Cells
Explore the history of the microscope and the discovery of cells. Acknowledge the contributions of Janssen, Van Leeuwenhoek, Hooke, Schleiden, Schwann, and Virchow. Compare plant cells and animal cells. Discuss the three components of the cell theory.
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16 Cells: Mitosis Discover how cells divide. Examine interphase and the four phases of mitosis: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. Discuss DNA, chromosomes, genes, and traits.
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17 Classification of Organisms
Discuss the three criteria for classifying organisms. Identify classification categories. Recognize the five kingdoms of organisms. Understand binomial nomenclature.
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18 Simple Forms of Life
Study facts and characteristics of bacteria, protozoa, algae, fungi, and viruses. Explain how each organism functions.
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19 Ocean Life
Discover the composition of ocean water. Identify the five oceans and ocean characteristics. Examine the depths of the ocean and discuss various sea creatures that inhabit each area. Study the ocean food chain and the water cycle.
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20 Living Things
Discuss behavioral adaptations, instincts, and control systems that increase an organism's chance for survival. Discover living things often respond to stimuli by changing their behavioral patterns. Define migration, mimicry, hibernation, and camouflage.
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21 Evolution
Examine how organisms have adapted over time. Understand that the earth is the result of billions of years of evolution and that fossils reveal these changes. Discuss natural selection, Darwin's theory of evolution, adaptations, variations, and mutations.
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22 Extinction Recognize that many species have become extinct due to environmental changes. Examine the five major causes of extinction. Discuss the Endangered Species Act.
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23 Green Plants Discuss how plants use the sun's energy. Understand how the processes of photosynthesis, plant respiration, and transpiration work.
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24 Types of Green Plants
Discover the difference between vascular and nonvascular plants. Recognize the difference between xylem and phloem tissue and the various root systems of plants. Discuss herbaceous stems, annual growth rings, gymnosperms, and angiosperms.
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25 Systems of the Human Body
Review major systems of the human body, their functions, and how they interact with each other. Discuss the skeletal, muscular, nervous, skin, reproductive, respiratory, excretory, and digestive systems.
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26 The Respiratory System
Study the parts and functions of the human respiratory system. Examine the process of inhaling and exhaling and the exchange of gases. Recognize the effects smoking has on this system.
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27 Exercise and Nutrition
Discover the importance of exercise and nutrition. Recognize how exercise influences your mental and physical health. Describe how food provides your body with energy.
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Essay: Activity
28 Tobacco, Alcohol, and Prescription
Drugs
Learn the dangers associated with tobacco, alcohol, and prescription drug use. Discuss various health problems related to the use of these products.
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29 Personal Safety Discover the importance of personal safety in different situations. Understand how sex can lead to pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases.
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30 Ecology
Discover the difference between biosphere, ecosystems, populations, communities, and habitats. Learn how organisms interact with one another. Explore how food chains function. Define producers, consumers, and decomposers.
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31 Biomes Distinguish between biotic and abiotic factors within a biome. Study the process of symbiosis. Identify seven major biomes and their climates. Identify plants and animals associated with each biome.
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Essay: Research
32 Environmental Hazards
Learn about hazardous substances in the soil, water, and air. Discuss the importance of detecting these substances. Terminology includes acid rain, pollutants, dermal exposure, global warming, and ozone depletion.
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Essay: Experiment
Unit 6: Earth and Space Science
33 Air Pressure and Wind
Discuss air pressure, local and global winds, and pressure gradients. Identify instruments used to measure atmospheric conditions. Explain an anemometer and how it is used.
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Essay: Activity
34 Water in the Air Study the states of water and associated terms, including evaporation, transpiration, and condensation. Investigate types of precipitation and the water cycle process.
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Essay: Experiment
35 Air Masses and Fronts
Examine air masses and how they create weather changes. Identify cloud types. Discuss prevailing winds and fronts.
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36 The Forces of Weather
Explain the formation of tornadoes, hurricanes, and thunderstorms. Examine instruments used to detect and measure storm conditions, including barometers, weather balloons, weather satellites, and Doppler radar. Discuss high and low air pressure systems.
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37 Weathering Uncover facts about weathering and how weathering occurs. Study examples of physical and chemical weathering. Understand the rock cycle and how igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks are formed.
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38 Layers of the Earth and Volcanoes
Identify the earth's layers. Discover how seismic waves are used to help scientists determine the makeup of each layer. Describe how volcanoes form, where they form, and the different types of volcanoes.
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Essay: Letter Writing
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39 Plate Tectonics Understand the theory of plate tectonics. Examine how the continents moved to their present locations from one giant land mass. Describe the three types of plate boundaries and the geologic processes associated with each.
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40 Earthquakes Explore plate tectonics. Explain how the movement of the plates can cause earthquakes. Discover the different types of faults and plate boundaries. Discuss different types of seismic waves.
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Essay: Diagram
41 The Earth’s Rotation
Study the earth's rotation and its effect on time. Discover facts about latitude and longitude, the prime meridian, the international date line, and time zones.
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42 The Earth’s Revolution
Discuss the earth's orbit, orbital velocity, perihelion, and aphelion. Discover why the seasons change. Explain solstices and equinoxes.
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43 The Moon
Discover characteristics of the moon, including surface features and phases of the moon. Discuss theories of how the moon was formed. Describe apogee and perigee. Explain eclipses. Explain how the moon affects tides on the earth.
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44 Constellations Examine facts about constellations and how many of the constellations were named. Describe the celestial sphere. Explain how constellations divide the night sky.
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Unit 7: Science and Technology
45 Advances in Technology
Explore the development and use of technology in science. Discuss robots, alloys, artificial skin, computer athletics, radio telescopes, arthroscopic knee surgery, and genetic engineering.
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46 Solving Problems with Technology
Discuss what perfect vision is. Study the history and development of eyeglasses. Learn how to design, evaluate, and implement a technology through use of criteria. Examine benefits versus cost of technology. Explain possible consequences of technology.
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47 Technology Study the similarities and differences between science and technology. Understand how people contribute to scientific and technological advancements. Discover tools scientists use to develop technology.
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The Sciences VIII Grade Level 8 The Sciences VIII presents lessons that continue to build on previous scientific concepts. Students study types of chemical bonds and chemical reactions. They learn to read chemical formulas and balance chemical equations. The topic of waves is discussed including wavelength, crest, trough, amplitude, and frequency. Students study the cell processes of meiosis and mitosis and investigate DNA bonding. A study is made of Mendel and inherited traits. Students learn about the science and technology involved in constructing and maintaining the International Space Station. The Sciences VIII course includes other topics such as:
• discussing contributions made by scientists to society
• describing simple life forms such as monera, protozoa, algae, and fungi
• studying HIV and the human immune system
• examining the costs and benefits of technology including financial and environmental
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Unit 1: Science as Inquiry
1 Data Collection Discuss how and why scientists collect data. Describe how data is evaluated. Discover how technology affects the way data is collected. Learn the role mathematics plays in data collection.
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2 The Scientific Method
Review the steps of the scientific method. Discuss inductive and deductive reasoning. Recognize the difference between pure and applied scientists.
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3 Science Fair Project Understand the steps for developing a science fair project. Discuss topic selection, developing a hypothesis, and writing a bibliography. Discover tips on effective presentations.
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Unit 2: History and Nature of Science
4 The Process of Science
Understand the process that researchers follow to make scientific advancements. Discuss which qualities are necessary for scientists to have.
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5 Contributions Made by Scientists
Discover contributions that scientists have made to society. Examine contributions made by scientists including Banneker, Einstein, Alvarez, Darwin, and Wegener. Realize that some scientists have had their work questioned, rejected, and later accepted.
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6 Careers in Science Describe various science and engineering careers in the medical field, including research scientists, medical physicists, epidemiologists, genetic engineers, and biomedical engineers.
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Unit 3: Science in Personal and Social Perspectives
7 Hazards Describe natural hazards which include hurricanes, fires, earthquakes, and tsunamis. Recognize how people can cause hazards and how these hazards can be prevented.
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8 Risks and Benefits Identify risks associated with various natural hazards in the environment. Discuss how to reduce these risks. Understand the costs and benefits associated with risk reduction.
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9 Laboratory Safety
Symbols and Procedures
Discuss safety rules for the laboratory, cleanup instructions, and first aid measures. Identify safety symbols in the laboratory and discuss their meanings and importance.
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Unit 4: Physical Science
10 Atoms Identify the parts of an atom. Discuss the electron cloud model, quarks, leptons, elements, and isotopes. Examine the periodic table and learn about atomic numbers and atomic mass.
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11 Chemical Bonds Identify three types of chemical bonds: ionic, covalent, and metallic. Discuss energy levels, electron dot diagrams, and polyatomic ions.
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12 Chemical Equations
Understand different types of chemical reactions, including exothermic, endothermic, synthesis, decomposition, single-replacement, and double-replacement reactions. Learn to read a chemical formula and balance chemical equations.
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13 Energy Review different types of energy, including radiant, potential, kinetic, nuclear, thermal, chemical, and mechanical energy. Study the formulas for kinetic and potential energy. Review the law of conservation of energy.
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14 Heat Energy
Explain the difference between heat and temperature. Understand heat is transferred by conduction, convection, and radiation. Explore convection currents and how they affect the atmosphere. Discuss radiation and the greenhouse effect.
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15 Electricity an Magnetism
Examine the relationship between electrical and magnetic energy. Learn about electromagnets. Study the parts of an electric motor and how each part works.
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16 Motion Describe Newton's three laws of motion. Define acceleration, velocity, force, friction, and other motion related terms.
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17 Waves
Learn about all aspects of waves including wavelength, crest, trough, amplitude, and frequency. Compare and contrast transverse and longitudinal waves and discover Maxwell's electromagnetic spectrum and the various types of waves included on the spectrum.
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18 Machines
Understand how machines make work easier. Learn to calculate mechanical advantage. Identify examples of simple machines, including wheel and axle, screw, lever, pulley, wedge, and inclined plane. Describe compound machines.
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Unit 5: Life Science
19 Cells: Mitosis
Discover three ways cells divide. Describe what happens during interphase and the four phases of mitosis: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. Understand DNA bonding, DNA code replication, chromosomes, genes, and hereditary traits.
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20 Cells: Meiosis Describe the process of meiosis and discover the difference between mitosis and meiosis. Define gamete, zygote, haploid cell, synapsis, tetrad, and crossing over.
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21 Traits Recognize Mendel and the study of inherited traits. Distinguish between x and y chromosomes. Describe dominant and recessive alleles. Explain phenotypes, genotypes, and Punnett squares.
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22 Living Things Discuss the variety of organisms that exist on earth. Identify the different kingdoms of living things. Recognize how organisms respond to external and internal stimuli.
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23 Simple Forms of Life
Describe microscopic organisms, including monera, protozoa, algae, fungi, and viruses. Examine the functions of these groups.
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24 Organisms Discover the contributions of Aristotle and Linnaeus in classifying organisms. Learn about binomial nomenclature and the three methods of classification.
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25 Evolution Explain how organisms have adapted over time. Discuss that earth today is the result of billions of years of evolution. Understand that most organisms that lived on earth billions of years ago have become extinct.
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26 Green Plants Discover the life processes of plants. Determine the differences between herbaceous and woody stems and perennials, biennials, and annuals. Examine different types of root systems. Compare the different types of tropism.
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27 Systems of the Human Body
Review the major systems of the human body, including the skeletal, muscular, digestive, circulatory, respiratory, nervous, integumentary, reproductive, immune, excretory, and endocrine systems.
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28 The Immune System
Explore the immune system. Describe the body's lines of defense against disease. Define lymphocytes, virus, interferon, and macrophages.
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29 HIV and the Immune System
Describe HIV. Discuss how it is spread, how it affects the immune system, the prevention, and the treatment.
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30 The Skeletal and Muscular Systems
Review the functions of the skeletal and muscular systems. Identify bone parts and functions, cartilage, joint types and functions, flexors and extensors. Describe ossification and sprains.
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Essay: Activity
31 Exercise and Nutrition
Study the importance of exercise and nutrition in maintaining good health and proper development. Understand the redesigned food pyramid. Define endorphins, osteoporosis, aerobic exercise, and MyPyramid.
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32 Tobacco, Alcohol, and Drugs
Describe addiction to tobacco, alcohol, and drugs. Discover how these substances can affect the body. Discuss social consequences associated with addiction.
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33 Personal Safety Explain the importance of personal safety. Recognize environmental hazards and how to avoid them. Understand the dangers of sexually transmitted diseases.
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34 Environmental Quality
Discuss hazardous substances, including lead, radon, asbestos, and mercury. Recognize government agencies that monitor these substances. Discover how population can influence the quality of life. Define population density and carrying capacity.
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35 Water Biomes Identify water biomes of the earth. Examine the aquatic zones in the ocean, including the littoral, sublittoral, and phalagic zones. Discuss freshwater biomes and estuaries and the organisms that inhabit these areas.
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Unit 6: Earth and Space Science
36 Air Pressure and Wind
Discuss global wind belts, prevailing winds, and the Coriolis effect. Study air pressure, what affects air pressure, and how air pressure is measured. Describe how differences in air pressure from convection cells.
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37 The Hydrologic Cycle
Explain the hydrologic cycle, including evaporation, transpiration, condensation, precipitation, infiltration, and runoff. Discuss different types of cloud formation and forms of precipitation.
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38 Weathering Understand the rock cycle and the formation of igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks. Discuss chemical and physical weathering. Explain sand and soil formation.
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39 Layers of the Earth and Volcanoes
Understand how seismic waves are used to distinguish the earth's layers. Explain how movement of lithospheric plates allows for the formation of volcanoes. Discuss characteristics of shield volcanoes, cinder cones, and stratovolcanoes. Discuss the Ring of Fire.
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40 Seismic Waves and Earthquakes
Discuss the lithosphere and asthenosphere and explain how their interaction causes continental drift and earthquakes. Describe the different types of seismic waves and faults associated with earthquakes and tsunamis.
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41 The Solar System Recognize the contributions of Aristotle, Copernicus, Galileo, Kepler, Newton, and Einstein. Discuss the laws of planetary motion, inertia, and the nebular theory. Identify the layers of the sun and solar phenomenon.
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42 The Earth’s Revolution
Examine the earth's orbit and how the inclination of the earth causes the seasons. Discuss the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn. Explain solstices and equinoxes.
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43 Astronomy Understand basic astronomy, including star formation, constellations, and locating a star by using azimuth and altitude. Discuss measuring astronomical distances using light-years, astronomical units, and parallax.
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Unit 7: Science and Technology
44 International Space Station
Learn about the science and technology involved in constructing and running the International Space Station. Discover how technology developed on the space station affects our society.
Essay: Written Response
45 Technological Design
Learn the steps involved in technological design, and how technological design is used to solve problems. Essay: Written Response
46 Costs and Benefits of Technology
Describe the uses, benefits, and limitations of technology. Discuss the costs of technology, including financial, environmental, and safety.
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Earth and Space Science Grade Levels 9–12 A+LS Earth and Space Science introduces students to a variety of topics, including:
• Skill development using diagrams, charts, mass, volume, measurements, etc.
• Properties of energy, such as energy from the Sun
• Basics of Earth chemistry, including review of periodic table of the elements
• Weather and climate
• Major landforms, including tectonic plate movement and volcanic development
• Oceans and their features, such as the Mid-Atlantic Ridge
• Fossils and dinosaurs
• The layers of the Earth, including the hydrosphere, atmosphere, and lithosphere
• The formation of the solar system, stars, galaxies, and constellations
• The layers of the Sun and the propagation of solar wind
• The history of flight
• The history of spacecraft and space flight
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A+LS Earth and Space Science is a comprehensive, completely integrated course for grade levels 9–12. This course provides the basic foundations of scientific measurement skills, a comprehensive look at the way the Earth and all its layers are formed, and a complete overview of the solar system and its major components. Each lesson is designed to be the foundation for the next lesson in the course so that students are provided the best reinforcement of key terminology throughout their studies. Interactive media has been included to help engage the student in the visual learning process.
• Earth and Space Science is presented as a year-long course.
• All thirty-two lessons contain a study guide, a practice and
mastery test, and a written essay or activity.
• This course is certified with a Lexile® measure of 1110L.
• Lessons and readings include a variety of essay types such as descriptive, persuasive, expository, and letter writing. Additional activities include creating a collage, brochure, poster, or chart. Directions for essays and rubrics for grading are provided for each of the writing assignments. Students will also complete a self-evaluation form to assess their performance.
• Earth and Space Science lessons are enriched by Encyclopædia Britannica® Online School Edition (EB) workspaces that contain learning materials. Learning materials may contain articles, games, images, maps, and/or videos.
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• The content in this course is designed to meet and exceed the requirements of the National Science Education Standards
(NSES). Students will learn about:
• Earth’s formations, including plate tectonics, mountains and plains, volcanoes, oceans, surface water, and ground water.
• Earth’s basic chemical properties.
• Earth’s atmosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere.
• Earth’s climate and weather patterns, including their effect on our daily lives.
• Basic tools of scientific measurement.
• The history of flight and space flight.
• The basic principles of the solar system, the Milky Way Galaxy, constellations, the manner in which celestial objects are formed, and the formation of galaxies.
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Third-Party Content in A+LS Lessons The Encyclopædia Britannica Online School Edition (EB) has teacher resources and student learning materials. The materials include a wide range of interactive lessons, research projects, animations, and worksheets that support many A+LS lessons. Each workspace may contain an article, diagram, study guide, video, or interactive media.
The launch icon for EB objects is located at the top of the A+LS screen on the launch page of the study guide section.
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Course Name Number of
Lessons
Length of Course in Semesters
Grade Levels
Lexile Measure
Earth and Space Science 32 2 9–12 1110L
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All Lessons Media that is common to all lessons in this subject
Study: Glossary Essay: 2 .PDFs, Directions
& Self-Evaluation Matrix
1 Experiments,
Reasoning, and Metrics
Scientific method; inductive versus deductive reasoning; controlled experiments; common metric measurements
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Paragraph/
Reasoning
2 Maps, Diagrams, and Measurements
Globes and map types: projection, Mercator, conic projection, polar projection, topographic; gravity and mass; Celestial measurements: astronomical unit, light-year; charts, diagrams, and graphs
Study: Coach Quote EB Learning Material Essay: Poster
3 Intro to Earth Science Description of the primary branches of Earth Science: oceanography, hydrology, hydrogeology, meteorology, climatology, paleontology, and geography; biosphere layers: lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere
Study: EB Learning Material Interactive Map Essay: Paragraph
4 The Planet Earth Hydrosphere, lithosphere, and atmosphere; Earth’s orbit around the sun, perihelion and aphelion; Earth’s seasons, equinoxes and solstices; time zones, meridians, prime meridian, international date line; Earth’s gravity
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Paragraph
5 Earth Chemistry Composition of the atom; periodic table of the elements; atomic number/atomic mass; ionic and covalent bonds; organic molecules; radioactive elements
Study: Animation (6) Coach Quote EB Learning Material Essay: Multiple Paragraph
Responses
6 Energy Energy types: solar, water, geothermal, petroleum, coal, natural gas, nuclear, waste; greenhouse effect
Study: Animation (2) EB Learning Material Essay: Expository Essay
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7 Formation of Winds 1 Radiation, conduction, and convection; Infrared rays, solar energy; Humidity, relative humidity vs. specific humidity, barometers and psychrometers
Study: Animation (2) EB Learning Material Essay: Paragraph
8 Formation of Winds 2
Low pressure and high pressure areas; Global winds: coriolis effect, doldrums, trade winds, horse latitudes, prevailing westerlies, polar easterlies, jet stream; Local winds: sea breeze, land breeze, monsoons; Tools: anemometer, weather vane, weather satellite
Study: Animation (3) Coach Quotes (2) EB Learning Material Essay: Narrative Essay
9 Clouds & Fronts
Water cycle, evaporation, condensation, and dew point; Precipitation: fog, mist, drizzle, rain, sleet, hail, snow; Clouds: high-level, mid-level, and low-level; Air masses: maritime tropical, continental tropical, continental polar, maritime polar; Fronts: warm, cold, occluded, stationary
Study: Animation EB Learning Material Essay: Paragraph
10 Storms Lightning: fulminology, lightning types, lightning appearance and formations, lightning safety; Thunder, thunderstorms, hurricanes, tornadoes; Tornado safety; Blizzards
Study: Coach Quotes (2) EB Learning Material Essay: Narrative Essay
11 Climate
Continental drift and ice ages; Temperature affected by latitude, altitude, ocean currents; Precipitation and rain shadow; Climate zones: polar ice cap, tundra, taiga, alpine, humid continental, humid subtropical, steppe, desert, Mediterranean, marine, tropical rainforest, marine; El Niño and La Niña
Study: EB Learning Material Interactive Graphic Interaction Tool Map Coloring Essay: Narrative Essay
12 Rocks & Minerals
Igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks; Mineral classifications: hardness, color, streak, luster, crystal formation, fracture, cleavage, magnetism, density, acid reaction; Mineral groups: silicates, oxides, sulfides, sulfates, halides, carbonates, elements; Gems, ores, metals, nonmetals
Study: Animation (5) Coach Quote EB Learning Material Essay: Poster
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13 Fossils and Dinosaurs Fossil formations: molds, casts, permineralization, petrifaction, freezing, amber, tar pits, trace fossils; Law of superposition; Major geological eras and periods; Commonly known dinosaur species;
Study: Animation EB Learning Material Essay: Compare and Contrast Essay
14 Mountains and Plains
Mountain formations: compression, tension, shearing, syncline, anticline; Fault types: normal, reverse, thrust, strike-slip; Mountain ranges and belts; Mountain formations: folded, fault-block, rift valley, dome, volcanic; Major mountain systems, famous mountains; Plains: coastal, flood, alluvial, lacustrine, lava, abyssal
Study: Animation Coach Quote EB Learning Material Essay: Short Report
15 Ocean Features Continental margin: shelf, rise, and slope; Ocean floor features: submarine canyons, abyssal plains, sea knolls, seamounts, guyots, reefs, ridges, trenches; Ocean exploration and tools; Tides, currents, waves, upwelling
Study: Animation (2) Coach Quote EB Learning Material Essay: Website Evaluation
16 The Oceans
Five major oceans: Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Southern, Arctic; History of ocean exploration; Notable ocean features: Mariana Trench, Challenger Deep, Mid-Atlantic Ridge, Gulf Stream, Labrador Current, Suez Canal; Ocean water purification and desalinization, ocean as source of transportation, hydroelectric dams, submarine communication cables
Study: EB Learning Material Interactive Graphic Essay: Collage
17 Surface Water Water cycle, ground water, moving surface water, standing surface water; Wetlands: marshes, swamps, and bogs; Water purification; Glacier development and icebergs
Study: Animation (9) EB Learning Material Interactive Graphic Essay: Brochure
18 Underground Water Ground water formations: aquifers, wells, artesian wells, springs, hot springs, oases, geysers, fumaroles, caverns, stalactites, stalagmites, and sinkholes;
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Website Evaluation
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19 Plate Tectonics
Seven major tectonic plates: North American, South American, Eurasian, Pacific, African, Antarctic, and Indo-Australian; Seven minor plates: Juan de Fuca, Cocos, Nazca, Caribbean, Scotia, Arabian, and Philippine; Plate movement: convergent, divergent, and transform; Circum-Pacific Belt, Mid-Atlantic Ridge, earthquakes, earthquake wave forms
Study: EB Learning Material Interactive Graphic (4) Essay: Narrative Essay
20 Volcanoes Asthensophere and magma formation; Types of magma: felsic, intermediate, mafic, ultramafic; Volcano formations, volcanic life stages, volcanic islands
Study: Coach Quote EB Learning Material Essay: Website Evaluation
21 Weathering and Erosion
Mechanical weathering: temperature changes, ice wedges, frost action, vegetation; Chemical weathering: oxidation, hydrolysis, acid precipitation; Soil, humus, soil texture; Erosion: glacial, wind, gravitational, ocean wave, moving water; River stages, oxbows, oxbow lakes, deltas, alluvial fans
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Paragraph
22 The Atmosphere Atmosphere layers: troposphere, tropopause, stratosphere, stratopause, ozone layer, mesosphere, mesopause, thermosphere, ionosphere, magnetosphere, exosphere; Van Allen Belts, auroras, air pressure
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Poster
23 The Hydrosphere Amount of water on Earth, amount of usable water, water cycle, hydroelectric dams, water shortages; Water necessity for humans and animals, accessibility to potable water
Study: Animation (3) EB Learning Material Essay: Paragraph
24 The Lithosphere Lithosphere and asthenosphere; Continental drift and Pangaea concept; Earth’s layers: crust, mantle, outer core, inner core; Lines of discontinuity in Earth’s interior
Study: Animation EB Learning Material Interactive Graphic Essay: Narrative Essay
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25 Intro to Space Science
Ancient solar calendars; Ancient astronomers: Pythagoras, Aristotle, Copernicus, Galileo; Modern physics: Kepler, Newton; Telescopes: optical, refracting, reflecting, radio, x-ray, gamma-ray, infrared
Study: Animation Coach Quote EB Learning Material Essay: Expository Essay
26 The Sun
Lifecycle of stars: nebulae, nuclear fusion, protostar, main sequence, red giant, white dwarf, supernovas, neutron stars, black holes; Structure of the Sun: sunspots, solar flares, solar prominences, spicules, radiation zone, convection zone, photosphere, chromospheres, corona; Stellar wind/solar wind; Eclipses of the Sun
Study: Animation (6) EB Learning Material Interactive Graphics (5) Essay: Narrative Essay
27 The Earth’s Moon Moon’s orbit and distance; Moon phases; Moon’s appearance; craters, lunar rays, regolith, maria, terrae; Gravity and tides, tidal force; Moon exploration, historic dates, first walk on the Moon
Study: Animation (3) Coach Quote EB Learning Material Interactive Graphic Essay: Narrative Essay
28 The Solar System Milky Way Galaxy and its eight planets; Nebulae, asteroids, comets, meteoroids, meteors, meteorites, the asteroid belt
Study: Coach Quotes (6) EB Learning Material Interactive Graphic Essay: Letter Writing
29 Constellations History of astronomy, International Astronomical Union; Description of 15 constellations with history of the name as well as scientific facts
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Website Evaluation
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30 Galaxies & Stars
Absolute and apparent magnitude of stars, variable stars, Hertsprung-Russell diagram, luminosity; Open clusters, globular clusters, binary pairs; Comets and quasars; Galaxy shapes, Milky Way facts, Local Group, redshift, Big Bang theory
Study: Animation EB Learning Material
Essay: Website Evaluation
31 History of Flight
Timeline of flight history: Greek mythology, kites, ornithopters, hot air balloons, gliders, airships, Hindenburg, aerodromes, Wright Brothers, World War I, post-World War I, World War II; Famous pilots; Rocket engines; Supersonic flight; Commercial aircraft
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Narrative Essay
32 History of Space Flight Rocket engines; Historical spacecrafts: Sputnik, Explorer, Luna, Pioneer, Ranger, Mariner, lunar landers, Gemini, Apollo, Skylab, Shuttles; Space flight terminology; Creation of NASA; History of people in space flight
Study: Coach Quote EB Learning Material Essay: Poster
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Physical Science Grade Levels 9–10 A+LS Physical Science introduces students to a variety of topics including:
• scientific method • experiments and data collection • chemical reactions • forces and laws of motion • temperature and heat • kinetic energy • electricity, currents, and circuitry • magnetism • sound, resonance, and frequency • light, vision, and technology • scientific careers • natural hazards e.g., volcanoes, tsunamis • astronomy • nebulas, black holes and quarks • mixtures and solutions • exothermic and endothermic reactions • atoms • elements • subatomic particles
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A+LS Physical Science is a comprehensive course that invites students to explore the universe of nonliving matter. This course offers several distinctive components: an in-depth examination of the biological functions of vision and sound in relation to physical laws; the impact of scientific discoveries on technology and society; and an overview of natural hazards, including the impact of humans on the environment. The Physical Science course covers the fundamentals of chemistry, matter, energy, and various scientific fields. The lessons are designed to move the student beyond the level of basic knowledge into critical thinking and learning activities.
• Physical Science is presented as a semester-long high
school elective science course. • All thirty-one lessons contain a study guide, a practice
and mastery test, and an essay or other constructed response.
• Lessons include a variety of essay types such as
descriptive, narrative, persuasive, compare and contrast, and letter writing. Additional activities include journals, short reports, summaries, and creating a collage, brochure, or graph. Directions for essays and rubrics for grading are provided for each of the writing assignments. Students will also complete a self-evaluation form to assess their performance.
• This course is certified by MetaMetrics® with a Lexile® score of 840L.
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• This course is enriched by Encyclopædia Britannica® Online School Edition (EB) workspaces that contain learning materials. Learning materials may contain articles, games, images, maps, and/or videos.
• The content in this course is based on specific standards
developed by the National Science Education Standards (NSES).
• Requirements identified in the following standards under the Course Content section are: Science Inquiry, Physical Science, Earth and Space Science, Science and Technology, Science in Personal and Social Perspectives, and History and Nature of Science.
• Students learn the basics of chemistry and acquire the
ability to understand and perform methods of scientific inquiry.
• Personal, social, and historical perspectives of science
are observed in the areas of community, environment, and technology.
• Lessons explore the nature of scientific knowledge and elements of earth and space science, including the origin and
evolution of the universe and earth system.
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Third-Party Content in A+LS Lessons The Encyclopædia Britannica Online School Edition has teacher resources and student learning materials. The materials include a wide range of interactive lessons, research projects, animations, and worksheets that support many A+LS lessons. Each workspace may contain an article, diagram, study guide, video, or interactive media.
The launch icon for EB objects is located at the top of the A+LS screen in the study guide section.
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The lessons in the Physical Science course are divided into ten domains of study.
• Unit 1: Introduction to Physical Science • Unit 2: Science Applications • Unit 3: Matter's Building Blocks • Unit 4: Structure and Properties of Matter • Unit 5: Matter and Motion
• Unit 6: Energy and Work • Unit 7: Electricity and Magnetism • Unit 8: Waves, Sound, and Light • Unit 9: Physical Science and Society • Unit 10: The Physical Universe
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The lessons in the A+LS Physical Science course will enable the student to evaluate, describe, summarize, define, characterize, or demonstrate an understanding of the NSES standards listed below: Science As Inquiry Standards
Abilities necessary to do scientific inquiry Understandings about scientific inquiry
Science and Technology Standards
Technological design Science and technology
History and Nature of Science Standards Science as a human endeavor Nature of scientific knowledge Historical perspectives
Earth and Space Science Standards Energy in the earth system Geochemical cycles Origin and evolution of the earth system Origin and evolution of the universe
Science in Personal and Social Perspectives Standards
Personal and community health Population growth Natural and human-induced hazards Environmental quality Natural resources Science and technology in local, national, and global challenges
A+LS Physical Science Lesson Scientific Method
A+LS Physical Science Lessons
Experiments and Data Collection Interpreting and Presenting Data Physical Science and Technology
A+LS Physical Science Lessons
What Is Physical Science? History of Physical Science
A+LS Physical Science Lessons
Earth Science Climate and Weather Astronomy Basics
A+LS Physical Science Lessons
Careers in Physical Sciences Natural Hazards
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Physical Science Standards
Structure of atoms Structure and properties of matter Chemical reactions Motions and forces Conservation of energy and increase in disorder Interactions of energy and matter
A+LS Physical Science Lessons
Atoms Elements Chemical Compounds, Mixtures, and Solutions Chemical Reactions Properties and States of Matter Introduction to Motion and Forces Forces and Laws of Motion Forces in Materials Math in Forces and Motion Energy Heat Work and Simple Machines Electricity Electric Current and Circuits Magnetism Electronics Waves Sound Light and the EM Spectrum Vision and Light Technology
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All Lessons Media common to all lessons in this subject Essay: 2 .PDFs, directions
& self-evaluation matrix
Unit 1: Introduction to Physical Science
1 What Is Physical Science?
Definition of science; scientific knowledge; observation and evidence; pseudoscience; matter and energy; chemistry; forces and motion; basic and applied science; natural universe; scientific method; physical universe; forms of matter and energy; metaphysics; chemistry; forms of energy; astronomy; applied science; technology; fields of science; scientific discoveries
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Expository
2 History of Physical Science
Nicolaus Copernicus; Copernican revolution; Galileo Galilei; Sir Isaac Newton; Albert Einstein; theory of relativity; quantum theory; nuclear physics; subatomic particles; geologic time scale; plate tectonics; big bang theory; Johannes Kepler; atomic theory; electrons; protons; Max Planck; Niels Bohr; radioactivity; Marie Curie; geology; Charles Darwin; Georges Lemaitre; Edwin Hubble; George Gamow
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Expository
Unit 2: Science Applications
3 Scientific Method Scientific method; hypotheses; inductive and deductive reasoning; experiments; models; data analysis; drawing conclusions; scientific reporting; peer review; theories and laws; technology
Study: EB Learning Material .PDF Scientific Method
Essay: Descriptive
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4 Experiments and Data Collection
Experimental design; variables: independent and dependent; experimental control; hypothesis; data collection; models; science and technology; science safety
Study: EB Learning Material Web link to National Institute of Standards and Technology .PDF Laboratory Safety Rules
Essay: Research Plan
5 Interpreting and Presenting Data
Statistics and data analysis; data presentation: graphs and data tables, x-axis, y-axis, statistics, legends, error bars, mean, line graphs, variables, pie charts, diagrams; research presentations: research poster, research papers; abstract; application; using data to design a graph, chart, or table
Study: EB Learning Material PDF Comparison of Paintball marker Types
Essay: Graph
Unit 3: Matter's Building Blocks
6 Atoms
Atoms; elements; subatomic particles; atomic structure: nucleus, protons, neutrons, and electrons; atomic mass unit (amu); scientific notation; density; orbiting electrons; cathode ray tube (CRT); Niels Bohr; electron clouds; atomic nucleus; force; isotopes; radioactive decay; Marie Curie; types of radioactive decay: alpha, beta, and gamma; radiation; half-life; carbon atoms; nuclear technology; tracers; nuclear fission and fusion
Study: EB Learning Material
Essay: Descriptive
7 Elements
Elements; physical properties; Dmitri Mendeleev; Henry Moseley; periodic table: periodic law, atomic mass, chemical symbols, period, columns and groups, families, and element classes: metals, nonmetals, metalloids; malleable and ductile metals; valence shell; valence electrons; molecule; chemical bond; metals: reactive, alkali, alkaline earth, and transition; groups: boron, carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen; nonmetals: halogens, and noble gases; isotopes; ions; compounds; natural and artificial elements; promethium
Study: EB Learning Material .PDF Periodic Table
Essay: Descriptive
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Unit 4: Structure and Properties of Matter
8
Chemical Compounds, Mixtures, and
Solutions
Compounds; molecules; mixtures; elements; homogeneous; solvent; solute; soluble; insoluble; gases; liquids; alloys; solutions; saturated and unsaturated solutions; solubility; suspensions; heterogeneous mixtures; colloid; particles; chemical bonds: ionic, covalent, and metallic; crystalline lattice; diatomic molecules; hydrocarbons; biochemicals: carbohydrates, lipids (fats), proteins, and nucleic acids; DNA; RNA; carbon compounds
Study: EB Learning Material .PDF Periodic Table
A+VLabs: Solubility of Salts Essay: Expository
9 Chemical Reactions
Chemical reactions: synthesis, decomposition, and single and double replacement; reactants and products; chemical formula; law of conservation of mass; exothermic and endothermic reactions; law of conservation of energy; activation energy; chemical equations and formulas; symbols; subscript; coefficients; binary compounds; polyatomic ions; rates of reactions; catalysts; inhibitor; hydrogen; pH scale; acid; base; salt
Study: EB Learning Material
A+VLabs: Reaction and Rates Essay: Paragraph
10 Properties and States of Matter
Description of matter including mass and weight; states of matter: liquid, solid, gas, and plasma; changes in the state of matter: melting, vaporization, freezing, condensation, and sublimation; gravity as a force; electromagnetism; measurements; newton; volume measurement; meniscus; physical properties; chemical properties; density; crystalline solids; amorphous solids; surface tension; viscosity; pressure; Boyle's law; Charles's law; ideal gas law; gas constant; compressed gases; plasmas; boiling point; temperature as a measure of energy in matterTypeequationhere.
Study: EB Learning Material
Essay: Expository A+VLabs: Boyle’s Law, Charles’s Law
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Unit 5: Matter and Motion
11 Introduction to Motion and Forces
Measuring motion; speed; velocity; constant velocity; resultant velocity; acceleration; positive acceleration; negative acceleration; deceleration; projectile; circular motion; centripetal acceleration; centrifugal force; force; net force; friction types: sliding, rolling, fluid, and static; momentum
Study: EB Learning Material
Essay: Compare and Contrast
A+VLabs: Distance- Time Graph
12 Forces and Laws of Motion
Forces in nature: gravity, electromagnetism, and strong and weak nuclear forces; law of universal gravitation; acceleration of gravity; gravitational constant; Newton's laws of motion; law of conservation of momentum; terminal velocity; air resistance; free fall; motion and inertia; unbalanced forces; two-way nature of forces
Study: EB Learning Material
Essay: Expository
13 Forces in Materials
Fluids and forces; pressure; Pascal’s principle; atmospheric pressure; density; pressure in gases; buoyant force; Archimedes' principle; moving fluids; Bernoulli's principle; air pressure; lift; thrust; drag; turbulence; tension and compression; elastic forces
Study: EB Learning Material
A+VLabs: Simple Harmonic Oscillator Essay: Expository
14 Math in Forces and Motion
Motion and speed; equations; velocity; constant velocity; resultant velocity; acceleration; force; net force; gravitational force; gravitational constant; pressure; pascal; Pascal's principle; buoyancy
Study: EB Learning Material
Essay: Paragraph
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Unit 6: Energy and Work
15 Energy
Definition of energy; kinetic energy; potential energy; joule; mechanical energy; conservation of energy; energy transformation; types of energy: thermal, chemical, electrical, sound, light, and nuclear; transforming energy; law of entropy; energy sources: renewable and nonrenewable; fossil fuels; biomass; geothermal energy
Study: EB Learning Material
Essay: Expository A+VLabs: Inclined Plane
16 Heat
Temperature; kinetic energy; liquid and digital thermometers; Fahrenheit scale; Celsius scale; Kelvin scale; heat; thermal energy; thermal equilibrium; conduction; conductors; insulator; convection; convection currents; radiation; thermal conductivity; specific heat; specific heat capacity; heat exchange; joule; calories; calorimeters
Study: EB Learning Material
Essay: Descriptive
17 Work and Simple Machines
Work; force; direction of motion; calculating work; power; machines; work input; input force; work output; output force; joules; mechanical efficiency; mechanical efficiency calculation; simple machines: lever, inclined plane, wedge, screw, wheel and axle, and pulley; compound machines; lever and fulcrum; classes of levers
Study: EB Learning Material A+VLabs: Inclined Plane
Essay: Expository
Unit 7: Electricity and Magnetism
18 Electricity
Electricity as energy; electromagnetism; negative and positive charges; electric force; types of electric charges: friction, conduction, and induction; static electricity; conductors and insulators; electric field; conservation of charge; electroscope; lightning; heat lightning; lightning rods; electric currents; batteries; cells; electrolytes; electrodes; wet and dry cells; potential difference; volts; converting energy into electricity; thermocouple
Study: EB Learning Material
Essay: Expository
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19 Electric Current and Circuits
Electric current; ampere; direct current (DC); alternating current (AC); voltage; resistance; ohms; super conductors; Ohm's law; electric power; wattages; kilowatts; loads; electric energy conversion; switches; circuits: series and parallel; circuit overloads; short circuits; fuses; circuit breakers; ground fault current interrupters (GFCI); power surges; surge protectors; ground wire
Study: Learning Material Essay: Expository A+VLabs: Circuit Builder
20 Magnetism
Magnets; magnetism; magnet domains; magnetic poles; magnetic fields; polarity; the earth and magnets; ferromagnetism; electromagnet; Hans Christian Oersted; temporary magnet; permanent magnet; electric motors; commutator; magnetic fields and motion; galvanometer; ammeter; voltmeter; electromagnetic induction; generators; transformers; electronic devices
Study: EB Learning Material
Essay: Compare and Contrast
A+VLabs: Electromagnetic Induction
21 Electronics
Electronics; circuits; circuit boards; light emitting diode (LED); semiconductors; doping; diodes; transistors; integrated circuits; telecommunications; electric signals; analog signals; vinyl records; tapes; digital signals; digital compact discs; pit; land; wire and wireless; electromagnetic energy; cathode ray tube (CRT); television; computer; computer components; microprocessors
Study: EB Learning Material
Essay: Compare and Contrast
Unit 8: Waves, Sound, and Light
22 Waves
Definition of a wave; types of waves: transverse, longitudinal, and combination; medium; electromagnetic waves; crests; troughs; rarefactions; compressions; sound waves; surface waves; amplitude; frequency; wavelength; hertz; wave speed; wave interaction: reflection, refraction, diffraction, and interference; constructive interference; destructive interference; standing wave; resonance
Study: EB Learning Material
A+VLabs: Interference of Light Waves
Essay: Expository
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23 Sound
Sound; sound movement; ears; eardrum; tympanic membrane; inner ear: hammer, anvil, and stirrup; cochlea; hearing; nerve deafness; tinnitus; sound properties; sound waves; decibels; frequency; hertz; infrasonic; ultrasonic; pitch; Doppler effect; oscilloscopes; echolocation; diffraction; interference; acoustics; sound barrier; sonic boom; standing waves; resonance frequency; octaves; sound quality; noise
Study: EB Learning Material
A+VLabs: Interference of
Light Waves Essay: Expository
24 Light and the EM Spectrum
Light as an electromagnetic (EM) wave; electromagnetic spectrum; radiation; absorption; refraction prism; white light; sunlight; fusion reactions; speed of light; radio waves; amplitude modulation (AM); frequency modulation (FM); microwave; radar; infrared (IR) radiation; visible light; visible spectrum; rainbows and sunlight; ultraviolet (UV) light; ozone; UV radiation protection; EM radiation: x-rays and gamma rays; light waves; law of reflection incidence; reflected light; regular reflection; diffuse reflection; absorption; photons; light scattering; Raleigh effect; light refraction; light diffraction; constructive and destructive interference; transmission; transparent; translucent; opaque; pigment
Study: EB Learning Material
Essay: Paragraph
25 Vision and Light Technology
Human eye: cornea, pupil, iris, lens, retina, rods and cones, nearsightedness, farsightedness, astigmatism, color blindness, color deficiency, and vision; luminous; illuminated; incandescent; types of lights: halogen, vapor, incandescent, fluorescent, and neon; light waves; ray; mirrors: plane, concave, and convex; virtual image; optical axis; focal point; focal length; real images; ray diagrams; lenses: convex and concave; ocular; eyepiece; objective lens; light technology; lasers; holographic images; fiber optics
Study: EB Learning Material
A+VLabs: Investigating a Convex Lens Essay: Expository
Unit 9: Physical Science and Society
26 Physical Science and Technology
Interrelationship between basic and applied science (technology); chemical elements; chemistry; states of matter; forces and motion; fluids; energy and matter; thermodynamics; energy in technology; machines; electricity; magnetism; electronics; waves; light technology; technology solutions; nuclear technology
Study: EB Learning Material
Essay: Expository
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27 Careers in Physical Sciences
Careers in physical science; engineers; aeronautical engineering; physical science branches; astronomy; earth sciences; astronomers; chemists; geographers; geographic information systems (GIS); hydrologists; meteorologists; physicists; engineers: electrical, computer, agricultural, environmental, biomedical, chemical, material, nuclear, design, and civil; research scientists
Study: EB Learning Material Web link to Bureau of Labor Statistics
Essay: Compare and Contrast
Unit 10: The Physical Universe
28 Earth Science
Layers of the earth: inner core, outer core, mantle, and crust; plates; plate tectonics; continental drift; earthquakes; earth spheres: lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere; troposphere; stratosphere; mesosphere; exosphere; thermosphere; geochemical cyclings; soil; minerals; rocks: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic; fossils; erosion: weathering, stream, glacial, and chemical; sedimentation; mountains; scarp; subduction; trenches; oceanic crust; continental crust; seafloor spreading; ocean ridges; ancient earth; strata; geologic time scale; Precambrian era; Paleozoic era; Mesozoic era; Cenozoic era
Study: EB Learning Material
Essay: Expository
29 Climate and Weather
Climate and weather; seasons; equator; lines of latitude; tilt of the earth; summer solstice; winter solstice; equinoxes; night and day; temperature and pressure; cloud types: cirrus, stratus, and cumulus; atmosphere; Coriolis effect; Hadley cells; Polar cells; Ferrel cells; atmospheric circulation; doldrums; air masses; climate changes; greenhouse effect; global warming; chlorofluorocarbons; ozone layer
Study: EB Learning Material Web link to NASA
Essay: Expository
30 Natural Hazards
Magma; hotspots; mantle plumes; black smokers; Pacific Ring of Fire; lava; shield volcano; cinder cone volcano; stratovolcano; strata; supervolcano; caldera; active and dormant volcano; extinct volcano; tsunami; earthquake; fault line; stress; seismic waves; magnitude; Richter scale; hurricane; tropical cyclone; tornado; super cell; Enhanced Fujita (EF) scale; pollution; Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
Study: EB Learning Material
Essay: Compare and Contrast
A+nyWhere Learning System Physical Science Scope & Sequence Grade Levels 9–10
Lesson Title Lesson Content Activities
92
31 Astronomy Basics
Universe; big bang theory; astronomy; quarks; leptons; galaxies; stars; Milky Way; solar system; comets; ort cloud; planetesimals; planets; planetoids; asteroids; meteoroids; meteors; meteorites; moon; satellite; craters; astronomical units (AU); spectrometer; spectral analysis; characteristics of stars; apparent brightness; intrinsic brightness; main sequence; red giants; white dwarfs; Hertzsprung-Russell diagram; neutron stars; pulsars; black holes; galaxy movements; galactic nebulae; cosmic rays
Study: EB Learning Material
Essay: Paragraph
A+nyWhere Learning System Teachers’ Guide
93
Comprehensive Biology Grade Levels 9–12
A+LS Comprehensive Biology introduces students to a variety of topics including:
• science as inquiry • the history and nature of science • science and technology • the structure and function of organisms • matter • energy • organization in living systems • the molecular basis of heredity • life cycle and reproduction • diversity • adaptations • life origins • the interdependence of organisms • the behavior of organisms • organisms in the environment • basic chemistry • molecular genetics • prokaryotes • protists • fungi • animal phyla • comparative morphology • homeostasis • population ecology • nonrenewable resources
A+nyWhere Learning System Comprehensive Biology Teachers’ Guide Grade Levels 9–12
94
A+LS Comprehensive Biology covers all aspects of the core high school science course. The objectives addressed are those that are tested on national and state achievement tests. Comprehensive Biology lessons are designed to move the student beyond the level of basic knowledge into critical thinking and learning activities. The instructional content reflects a major change from the prior A+LS biology title with significantly increased depth and complexity. A curriculum planning manual (CPM) is available for Comprehensive Biology in the A+nyWhere Learning System.
• Comprehensive Biology is presented as a year-long course.
• All thirty-nine lessons contain a study guide; a practice and
mastery test, and most have an essay or other constructed response.
• Lessons include a variety of essay types such as descriptive, narrative, persuasive, compare and contrast, and letter writing. Additional activities include journals, short reports, summaries, and creating a collage, brochure, or graph. Directions for essays and rubrics for grading are provided for each of the writing assignments. Students will also complete a self-evaluation form to assess their performance.
• This title is certified by MetaMetrics with a Lexile score of
910L.
• This course is enriched by Encyclopædia Britannica Online School Edition (EB) workspaces that contain learning materials. Learning materials may contain articles, games, images, maps, and/or videos.
A+nyWhere Learning System Comprehensive Biology Teachers’ Guide Grade Levels 9–12
95
• The A+LS Comprehensive Biology course content is
based on the National Science Education Standards (NSES) and the standards of the states. These lessons are designed to meet and exceed the requirements of the National Science Education Standards. The requirements are identified in the following standards: Science Inquiry, Life Science, Science and Technology, Science in Personal and Social Perspectives, and the History and Nature of Science.
• Test questions reflect the full range of Bloom's Taxonomy from basic knowledge to application, analysis, and synthesis. The questions challenge the student to apply what they have learned in the study guide.
• The essay assignments require the student to expand upon the information from the lesson in a higher order thinking exercise. A scoring rubric is provided for both student and teacher.
• The Essential Content Essay guide is provided for teachers at the end of the Scope & Sequence. This guide will assist teachers in the grading of the essential content essays by providing an answer key for each of the essential content points.
A+nyWhere Learning System Comprehensive Biology Teachers’ Guide Grade Levels 9–12
96
Third-Party Content in A+LS Lessons The Encyclopædia Britannica Online School Edition has teacher resources and student learning materials. The materials include a wide range of interactive lessons, research projects, animations, and worksheets that support many A+LS lessons. Each workspace may contain an article, diagram, study guide, video, or interactive media.
The launch icon for EB objects is located at the top of the A+LS screen in the study guide section.
A+nyWhere Learning System Comprehensive Biology Teachers’ Guide Grade Levels 9–12
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The lessons in the A+LS Comprehensive Biology title will empower the student to evaluate, describe, summarize, define, characterize, or demonstrate an understanding of the NSES standards listed below: Science as Inquiry Standards
Abilities necessary to do scientific inquiry Understandings about scientific inquiry
Science and Technology Standards
Technological design Science and technology
Life Science Standards
The cell Molecular basis of heredity Biological evolution Interdependence of organisms Matter, energy, and organization in living systems Behavior of organisms
A+LS Biology Lessons The Scientific Method Designing Experiments
A+LS Biology Lessons
Collecting Data Interpreting and Presenting Data
A+LS Biology Lessons
Basic Chemistry The Chemistry of Life Cells and Cell Theory Types of Cells Cell Structure and Function Energy and Cells Cell Division Reproduction and Development DNA: Genes and Chromosomes Mendelian Genetics Patterns of Inheritance Molecular Genetics Overview of Evolution Natural Selection & Microevolution Extinction, Speciation, and Macroevolution Classification, Taxonomy, and Phylogeny Viruses, Viroids, and Prions Prokaryotes: Archaebacteria and Eubacteria Protists Fungi Human Biology 1 and 2
A+nyWhere Learning System Comprehensive Biology Teachers’ Guide Grade Levels 9–12
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History and Nature of Science Standards Science as a human endeavor Nature of scientific knowledge Historical perspectives
Science in Personal and Social Perspectives Content Standards
Personal and community health Population growth Natural resources
Science in Personal and Social Perspectives Content Standards
Environmental quality Natural and human-induced hazards Science and technology in local, national, and global challenges
A+LS Biology Lessons Biology Themes History of Biology
A+LS Biology Lessons Plant Diversity Plant Responses Animal Diversity: Invertebrates Animal Diversity: Vertebrates
A+LS Biology Lessons
Animal Form and Function Animal Behavior Ecology Overview Populations and Communities Energy, Matter, and Ecosystems Biomes and the Biosphere Humans and Environments
A+nyWhere Learning System Comprehensive Biology Scope & Sequence Grade Levels 9–12
Lesson Title Lesson Content Activities
99
All Lessons Media common to all lessons in this subject Essay: 2 .PDFs, directions
& self-evaluation matrix
Lessons
1 Biology Themes
Characteristics of life: cells, heredity and DNA, energy requirement, homeostasis, response to stimuli and environment, growth and development, and organization; introduction to branches of biology; unifying themes; importance of biological sciences to human society
Study: EB Learning Material
Essay: Descriptive
2 History of Biology
Major contributions and theoretical framework; development of cell theory; history of genetics and evolutionary theory; unification of the themes of the cellular basis of life; heredity and evolution by natural selection to explain the diversity and connectedness of life on earth today; introduction to current issues in biotechnology
Study: EB Learning Material
Essay: Expository
3 The Scientific Method
Underlying steps and rationale of the scientific method; inductive and deductive reasoning; explanation of how the scientific method is used to gain knowledge; hypothesis formation and theory generation; examples of how the scientific method is used to answer questions about the natural world
Study: EB Learning Material 1 .PDF Experimental Research Site
Essay: Descriptive
4 Designing Experiments
Sources of information; experimental design; identification of dependent and independent variables; purpose of experimental controls; purpose of controlled experimental conditions; team and consensus building; suggested activities included
Study: EB Learning Material 3 .PDFs Germination Data Sheet, Fertilization Date Sheet, Arthropods Data Sheet
Essay: Descriptive
A+nyWhere Learning System Comprehensive Biology Scope & Sequence Grade Levels 9–12
Lesson Title Lesson Content Activities
100
5 Collecting Data Laboratory tools and procedures; data and measurements; non-experimental data; use of appropriate technologies; using spreadsheets to enter data; creating computer graphs
Study: EB Learning Material 2 .PDFs Lab Safety Rules, Natural Selection Model Web Link to Global Institute of Sustainability, Arizona State University
Essay: Descriptive
6 Interpreting and Presenting Data
Processes of data interpretation; use and interpretation of tables, graphs, and diagrams; concept of statistical analysis; alternative explanations; communication and defense of results; team and consensus building; suggested activities included
Study: EB Learning Material
Essay: Graph, Paragraph
7 Basic Chemistry Energy and matter; atoms; molecules and compounds; chemical bonds and chemical reactions; water and importance of water to life; pH, acids, bases, and buffers; chemical solutions
Study: EB Learning Material 2 .PDFs The Periodic Table, The pH Scale
A+VLabs: Reaction and Rates, Solubility of Salts Essay: Descriptive
8 The Chemistry of Life
Organic molecules in living things; structure and functions of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids (DNA and RNA); chemical reactions in cells; introduction to enzymes and ATP
Study: EB Learning Material 1 .PDF Periodic Chart of Elements
Essay: Expository
A+nyWhere Learning System Comprehensive Biology Scope & Sequence Grade Levels 9–12
Lesson Title Lesson Content Activities
101
9 Cells and Cell Theory
Characteristics of cells; cellular basis of life; cell theory; regulation of cellular activities; evolution of cells
Study: EB Learning Material
Essay: Descriptive
10 Types of Cells Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells; unicellular protists; fungal cells; plant and animal cells; cell differentiation in complex organisms
Study: EB Learning Material
Essay: Compare/Contrast
11 Cell Structure and Function
Structure and function of cellular components, including the nucleus, organelles, cytoskeleton and ribosomes; the cell membrane and transport processes such as diffusion, osmosis, passive and active transport processes; endocytosis and exocytosis
Study: EB Learning Material
Essay: Descriptive
12 Energy and Cells
Energy and energy transformations; the sun and life on earth; energy and organic molecules; cellular metabolism; enzymes; regulation of metabolism by enzymes, ATP; cellular respiration and photosynthesis; energy flows from the cell to ecosystem scales
Study: EB Learning Material
Essay: Expository
13 Cell Division The cell cycle, mitosis and meiosis; regulation of the cell cycle; cancer and the cell cycle; unique characteristics of meiosis; meiosis and genetic variation; diploid and haploid cells
Study: EB Learning Material
Essay: Narrative
14 Reproduction and Development
Modes of asexual and sexual reproduction; binary fission, budding, regeneration, and vegetative processes; life cycles in sexual reproduction; modes of sexual reproduction; cell differentiation, growth, and development; stem cells
Study: EB Learning Material
Essay: Descriptive
15 DNA: Genes and Chromosomes
Introduction to inheritance and molecular genetics; sources of genetic variation; genetic terms; karyotype; genomes
Study: EB Learning Material Web Link to Human Genome Project
Essay: Expository
A+nyWhere Learning System Comprehensive Biology Scope & Sequence Grade Levels 9–12
Lesson Title Lesson Content Activities
102
16 Mendelian Genetics Classical genetics; Mendel’s experiments; Punnet squares; dihybrid crosses and independent assortment; pedigrees
Study: EB Learning Material
Essay: Descriptive
17 Patterns of Inheritance
Non-Mendelian inheritance (polygenic traits, co-dominance, incomplete dominance); sex linked inheritance; genetic diseases; changes in chromosome number
Study: EB Learning Material
Essay: Expository
18 Molecular Genetics DNA and RNA; introduction to gene expression and regulation; transcription and translation; mutation and disease; mutation and evolution; gene technology
Study: EB Learning Material
Essay: Expository
19 Overview of Evolution
Overarching concepts of evolution; evidence that supports evolutionary theory including: fossils, biogeography, comparative anatomy, biochemistry, and molecular genetics; development of evolutionary theory; evolution and diversity
Study: EB Learning Material
Essay: Descriptive
20 Natural Selection and Microevolution
Darwinian evolution; mechanisms of evolution; sources of genetic variation; adaptation and natural selection; examples of natural selection and microevolution
Study: EB Learning Material
Essay: Narrative
21 Extinction,
Speciation, and Macroevolution
Biological species concept; development of new species; reproductive isolation; mass extinctions; molecular clocks; descent with modification; unity and diversity of life; human evolution
Study: EB Learning Material
22 Classification,
Taxonomy, and Phylogeny
Basis for classification schemes; classification of living things; phylogeny and evolutionary relationships; cladograms; the tree of life
Study: EB Learning Material
Essay: Expository
23 Viruses, Viroids, and Prions
Structure, function, and importance of nonliving chemical infectious agents; importance of viruses to microevolution in bacteria and other organisms; kinds of viruses; prions and viroids; viral diseases
Study: EB Learning Material
Essay: Compare/Contrast
A+nyWhere Learning System Comprehensive Biology Scope & Sequence Grade Levels 9–12
Lesson Title Lesson Content Activities
103
24 The Prokaryotes:
Archaebacteria and Eubacteria
Basic biology; diversity, ecology, and medical significance of bacteria; unique characteristics of prokaryotes; Archaebacteria and Eubacteria; bacterial metabolism; nitrogen fixation and decomposition; bacterial diseases; use of bacteria in industry and biotechnology
Study: EB Learning Material
Essay: Descriptive
25 The Protists Basic biology; diversity, ecology, and medical significance of protists; characteristics of protists; major phyla; protists as primary producers; use in industry; diseases caused by protists.
Study: EB Learning Material
Essay: Paragraph
26 Fungi Basic biology; diversity, ecology, and medical significance of fungi; characteristics of fungi; major phyla; fungi as symbionts and decomposers; use of fungi in industry; diseases caused by fungi
Study: EB Learning Material
Essay: Paragraph
27 Plant Diversity
Characteristics of plants; nonvascular plants; seedless vascular plants; gymnosperms, angiosperms, monocots, and dicots; evolution of plants; anatomy; physiology; xylem and phloem; flowers and reproductions; seeds and fruit; plants and people
Study: EB Learning Material
Essay: Paragraph
28 Plant Responses Plant responses to internal changes and environmental stimuli; plant hormones; plant growth and development
Study: EB Learning Material
Essay: Descriptive
29 Animal Diversity: Invertebrates
Major animal phyla and their characteristics; evolutionary innovations of major phyla; major vertebrate groups and their characteristics; evolution of vertebrates
Study: EB Learning Material
Essay: Descriptive
30 Animal Diversity: Vertebrates
Comparative morphology, anatomy, and physiology of animal phyla; comparative anatomy and physiology of vertebrates; evolution of nervous, respiratory, circulatory, and excretory systems of animals
Study: EB Learning Material
Essay: Descriptive
31 Animal Form and Function
Comparative morphology, anatomy, and physiology of animal phyla; comparative anatomy and physiology of vertebrates; evolution of nervous, respiratory, circulatory, and excretory systems of animals
Study: EB Learning Material
Essay: Expository
A+nyWhere Learning System Comprehensive Biology Scope & Sequence Grade Levels 9–12
Lesson Title Lesson Content Activities
104
32 Animal Behavior Animal responses to internal changes and environmental stimuli; coordination and control of animal responses (nervous and hormonal); behavior and evolution; instinctive and learned behavior; human behavior
Study: EB Learning Material
Essay: Compare/Contrast
33 Human Biology I Organization of the human body; tissue types and their functions; organs and organ systems; maintenance of homeostasis; integration and control Essay: Expository
34 Human Biology II General structure and function of human organ systems: integumentary, musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive, urinary, immune, nervous, endocrine, and reproductive
Essay: Expository
35 Ecology Overview
Definition of ecology; ecology subdisciplines; ecology and evolution; ecology and flows of energy and matter; ecology and distribution of organisms; organization in living systems; relationship between cellular activities; flows of matter and energy in ecosystems
Study: EB Learning Material
Essay: Narrative
36 Populations and Communities
Population ecology, communities, trophic levels and energy flow; predation; competition; symbioses; succession; population dynamics and evolution
Study: EB Learning Material
Essay: Poster
37 Energy, Matter, and Ecosystems
Energy flows and biogeochemical cycling of matter; organisms and environment; interdependence of living things; nonrenewable resources
Study: EB Learning Material
Essay: Short Report
38 Biomes and the Biosphere
Climate and distribution of living things on earth; diversity of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems; interactions of sun, earth, atmosphere, water, and biosphere
Study: EB Learning Material Web Link to NASA Earth Observatory
Essay: Descriptive
39 Humans and Environments
Human population; human impacts on biosphere including: habitat destruction, pollution, and overuse of nonrenewable resources
Study: EB Learning Material
Essay: Descriptive
A+nyWhere Learning System Comprehensive Biology Scope & Sequence Grade Levels 9–12
Lesson Title Lesson Content Activities
105
A+nyWhere Learning System Teachers’ Guide
106
Chemistry IA Grade Levels 10-11 The Chemistry IA course includes topics such as:
• understanding why chemistry is called the central science
• chemical terminology • processes involved in chemical changes and
interactions • using the appropriate tools and knowing the units
of measure for mass, volume, and temperature • identifying basic atomic structure • understanding the organization of the periodic table • describing chemical bonding and molecular
structure • identifying characteristics of solids, liquids, and
gases • quantum numbers, including the Pauli exclusion
principle • physical states using kinetic-molecular theory • gas laws and Dalton’s, Boyle’s, and Charles’ laws • perceiving the conservation of matter and
Stoichiometry • types of chemical reactions including: synthesis and
decomposition, combustion and displacement, and oxidation-reduction
• balancing redox reactions
A+nyWhere Learning System Chemistry IA Teachers’ Guide Grade Levels 10–11
107
The A+LS Chemistry IA course is designed as a first semester general chemistry course. Students will learn basic chemistry concepts and develop skills relating to basic chemical calculations and mathematical principles. This course offers activities formulated to teach and engage students in problem-solving and critical-thinking skills related to chemistry learning. Divided into five units of study, each unit utilizes the scaffolded approach, enabling students to achieve foundational skill sets needed to progress to the next level of understanding. Every scientific discipline has its own unique language and symbols. Understanding chemistry depends on developing a knowledge of the chemical language and its symbols. In the Chemistry I A course, the chemical language and symbols are explored, as well as laboratory procedures and equipment. Based on problem solving, this course leads to a basic understanding of chemistry. Nearly every scientific discipline known, from astronomy to zoology, uses chemistry to achieve knowledge and understanding.
• Chemistry IA is presented as a semester-long high school
course.
• All fifty-three lessons contain a study guide, a practice and mastery test, and an essay or constructed response.
• Enriched interactive features include drag and drop activities, layered sequence activities, and animated experiments that allow the student to respond to the material in a variety of ways. Each feature is designed to fully engage the student with the course content and provide varied methods to help the student master the skills presented.
• This course includes an interactive tutorial to introduce and instruct students in the use of new features and animation.
• Study guides contain practice problems with immediate feedback and additional explanation of chemistry applications, allowing the students to self-correct their learning as the course progresses.
A+nyWhere Learning System Chemistry IA Teachers’ Guide Grade Levels 10–11
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• Lessons include a variety of essay types such as descriptive, persuasive, expository essays, and paragraph writing. Directions for essays and rubrics for grading are provided for each of the writing assignments. Students will also complete a self-evaluation form to assess their performance.
• Chemistry IA has a certified Lexile® measure of 1100L.
• The A+LS Chemistry IA course content is based on specific standards contained in the National Science Education Standards (NSES).
• Students learn the basics of chemistry and acquire the
ability to understand and perform methods of scientific inquiry.
• Interactive experiments and detailed animation enhance
the curriculum and provide students with hands-on experience in learning and applying chemical principles.
A+nyWhere Learning System Chemistry IA Teachers’ Guide Grade Levels 10–11
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Third-Party Content in A+LS Lessons The Encyclopædia Britannica Online School Edition has teacher resources and student learning materials. The materials include a wide range of interactive lessons, research projects, animations, and worksheets that support many A+LS lessons. Each workspace may contain an article, diagram, study guide, video, or interactive media.
The launch icon for EB objects is located at the top of the A+LS screen on the launch page of the study guide section.
A+nyWhere Learning System Chemistry IA Teachers’ Guide Grade Levels 10–11
110
Some Chemistry I A lessons contain links to the A+VLabsTM. These virtual laboratories are interactive experiments in which students observe, record, and enter data using methods similar to live laboratories.
The icon for A+VLabs is found on the launch page of a lesson.
A+nyWhere Learning System Chemistry IA Teachers’ Guide Grade Levels 10–11
111
The lessons in the Chemistry I A course are divided into six units of study: Chemistry the Central Science; Basic Atomic Structure; Periodic Table; Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure; Solids, Liquids, and Gases; and Conservation of Matter and Stoichiometry. These units are designed to offer the student a basic understanding of chemistry.
Units Lessons Unit 1: Chemistry the Central Science Lessons: 1–2 Unit 2: Basic Atomic Structure Lessons: 3–10 Unit 3: Periodic Table Lessons: 11–14 Unit 4: Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure Lessons: 15–23 Unit 5: Solids, Liquids, and Gases Lessons: 24–41 Unit 6: Conservation of Matter and Stoichiometry Lessons: 42–53
A+nyWhere Learning System Chemistry IA Scope & Sequence Grade Levels 10–11
Lesson Title Lesson Content Activities
112
All Lessons Media common to all lessons in this subject. Essay: 2 .PDFs, Directions
& Self-Evaluation Matrix
Unit 1: Chemistry the Central Science
00 Tutorial In this brief introduction to Chemistry IA, learn how to use the special features and tools that are available throughout the course.
1 Introduction to Chemistry
Explain why chemistry is called a central science; identify common applications of chemistry; explain the benefits of understanding chemistry; history of chemistry; alchemy
Study: Interactive Demonstration Interactive Image
Essay: Expository Essay
2 Introduction to
Laboratory Procedures
Know the appropriate tools and units for measuring mass, volume, and temperature; Celsius; Kelvin; absolute zero; lab safety; lab equipment; meniscus
Study: Interactive Demonstration Interactive Experiment
PDF Essay: Paragraph
Unit 2: Basic Atomic Structure
3 Basic Atomic Structure
Identify the three main subatomic particles; discovery of subatomic particles; properties of subatomic particles; structure of an atom; Democritus; John Dalton; J.J. Thomson; Robert Millikan; Ernest Rutherford; James Chadwick; scientific notation
Study: Drag and Drop Activity
Interactive Demonstration (2)
Interactive Experiment (2)
PDF Essay: Create a Poster
A+nyWhere Learning System Chemistry IA Scope & Sequence Grade Levels 10–11
Lesson Title Lesson Content Activities
113
4 Elements, Atoms, and Isotopes
Describe an element; using and understanding a periodic table; describe isotopes; differentiate between atomic mass, atomic number, atomic mass number, and average atomic mass; calculating atomic mass; nuclide symbol
Study: Drag and Drop Activity (2)
PDF (3) Essay: Create Brochure
5 Representing Electrons
Describe the Bohr model of the atom; weaknesses of the Bohr model; quantum mechanical model of the atom; Einstein; de Broglie; Heisenberg; Schrödinger; wave-particle duality; principal number; azimuthal number; magnetic quantum number; position of electrons; electron shells; Heisenberg uncertainty principle
Study: Drag and Drop Activity (3)
Essay: Paragraph
6 Quantum Numbers
meaning of and symbol for each of the four quantum numbers; range of possible values for the four quantum numbers; use the quantum numbers for an electron to compare it to other electrons in the atom; relate the quantum numbers for an electron to the electron's position in the atom; describe the order of filling of electron orbitals in an atom; Wolfgang Pauli; Pauli exclusion principle
Study: Check for Understanding
Essay: Paragraph
7 Electron Configurations
Aufbau principle; Hund's rule; orbital-filling diagrams; electron configurations; valence electrons; degenerate orbitals
Study: Drag and Drop Activity (2)
Interactive Demonstration (4)
Essay: Paragraph
8 The
Electromagnetic Spectrum
Recognize and rank the various regions of the electromagnetic spectrum; calculate the wavelength or frequency of an electromagnetic wave; calculate the energy associated with an electromagnetic wave; determine what region of the electromagnetic spectrum is represented by a given wavelength or frequency; line spectrum; continuous spectrum; Max Planck; Planck's constant; photons
Study: Check for Understanding
Coach Quotes (2) Essay: Expository Essay
A+nyWhere Learning System Chemistry IA Scope & Sequence Grade Levels 10–11
Lesson Title Lesson Content Activities
114
9 Absorption and Emission Spectra
Compare and contrast the Balmer, Lyman, and Paschen series of line spectra; explain why hydrogen emits a line spectrum; Bohr model; calculate the wavelengths of light emitted in the Balmer series; calculate the energy of a photon of light that is emitted when electrons transition between energy levels; describe the ionization process; use absorption and emission spectral data; describe the basis of laser operation; ground state
Study: Check for Understanding
Essay: Paragraph
10 Representing Valence Electrons
Define valence electrons; determine the number of valence electrons in an atom; understand and draw Lewis structures; explain the octet rule
Study: Coach Quote Drag and Drop
Activity Interactive
Demonstration (5) Essay: Paragraph
Unit 3: Periodic Table
11
Organizing the Elements: A
Historical Perspective
Describe the historical development of the periodic table; Dmitri Mendeleev; Henry Moseley; Hennig Brand; Johann Döbereiner; A.E. Béguyer de Chancourtois; John Newlands; Julius Lothar Meyer; William Ramsay; Glenn Seaborg
Study: Animation Coach Quotes (9) Frequency Plot PDF Essay: Paragraph
12
The Modern Periodic Table: The Main Group
Elements
Identify the location of metals, nonmetals, and metalloids on the periodic table; metals; nonmetals; metalloids; trends of the periodic table; properties of main group elements; write outer-shell electron configurations for main group elements; predict how many electrons a main group element will gain or lose; chalcogens; halogens; noble gases; alkaline earth metals; alkali metals
Study: Coach Quotes (2) Drag and Drop
Activity Interactive
Demonstration Essay: Create a Brochure
A+nyWhere Learning System Chemistry IA Scope & Sequence Grade Levels 10–11
Lesson Title Lesson Content Activities
115
13
The Modern Periodic Table:
Transition metals,
Lanthanides, and Actinides
Explain why some transition metals can lose varying numbers of electrons; explain the uses of the lanthanides and actinides; understand the electron configurations of the transition metals and the inner transition metals and how these affect chemical properties; oxidation state; alkaline earth metals; transition metals; metalloids; nonmetals; halogens; noble gases
Study: Coach Quote (6) Interactive Graphic Essay: Paragraph
14 Trends in the Periodic Table
Describe the trends in atomic radius, ionization energy, electron affinity, electronegativity, and ionic radius in the periodic table and understand why they occur; predict properties of elements based on their locations in the periodic table; first ionization energy; electron affinity; electronegativity
Study: Coach Quotes (13) Interactive
Demonstration Interactive Graphics (3)
Essay: Paragraph
Unit 4: Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure
15 The Mole
Describe the mole concept; identify who first postulated the mole concept and who determined the number of atoms or molecules in a mole; explain the importance of the mole concept to chemistry; determine molar mass for atoms and compounds; convert from moles to grams or from grams to moles; calculate the number of atoms or molecules of substance given its quantity in moles or grams; Avogadro's number
Study: Check for Understanding
Coach Quotes (10) Fill in the Blank Essay: Create a Brochure
16 What is a Chemical Bond?
Describe how and why elements form covalent bonds; know common diatomic elements; describe how a polar bond is formed; compare and contrast covalent, polar covalent, and coordinate covalent bonds; exceptions to the octet rule; bond length; compound; molecule; formula unit
Study: Check for Understanding
Coach Quotes (9) Essay: Paragraph
17 Naming Covalent Compounds
binary covalent compounds; formulas for binary covalent compounds; common acids; formulas for common acids; organic compounds; inorganic compounds; polyatomic ions; monatomic ions
Study: Check for Understanding
Coach Quotes (4) Essay: Descriptive Essay
A+nyWhere Learning System Chemistry IA Scope & Sequence Grade Levels 10–11
Lesson Title Lesson Content Activities
116
18 The Nature and Naming of Ionic
Compounds
Write the formula for an ionic compound from its name; write the name of an ionic compound from its formula; understand the bonding involved in ionic compounds; compare and contrast ionic and covalent bonding; molecule; formula unit
Study: Check for Understanding
Coach Quotes (4) Essay: Paragraph
19 Chemical Formulas
Use percent composition to determine the empirical formula of a substance; determine the molecular formula from the empirical formula; use the molecular formula to determine the mass of any element in a sample of a compound
Study: Coach Quotes (4) Essay: Paragraph
20 Drawing Lewis Structures
Draw Lewis structures for covalent compounds; draw Lewis structures for polyatomic ions
Study: Coach Quotes (10) Drag and Drop
Activity (7) Interactive
Demonstration Essay: Paragraph
21 The Shapes of Molecules
Use chemical formulas to determine Lewis structures for multiatom molecules and ions; determine the molecular geometry of a molecule based on its formula; explain why some molecules appear to be a different shape than that predicted by their molecular geometry
Study: Coach Quotes (4) Essay: Create a Brochure
22 Hybrid Orbitals Determine the bond hybridization of the central atom in a molecule; describe hybrid bonding orbitals and how they overlap to form sigma and pi bonds; use the valence bond theory to determine the shapes of molecules
Study: Coach Quotes (2) Essay: Paragraph
23 Intermolecular Forces
Describe various intermolecular forces; describe the relative strengths of intermolecular forces; determine which molecules will exhibit intermolecular forces; explain how intermolecular forces affect boiling point, vapor pressure, surface tension, and viscosity; explain the meaning of the expression “like dissolves like” and give examples of how intermolecular forces affect the solution process; dipole; dipole moment; bond dipole; hydrogen bonding; dipole-dipole interaction; London dispersion forces; van der Waals forces
Study: Coach Quotes (5) Drag and Drop
Activity Essay: Paragraph
A+nyWhere Learning System Chemistry IA Scope & Sequence Grade Levels 10–11
Lesson Title Lesson Content Activities
117
Unit 5: Solids, Liquids, and Gases
24 The Many Phases of Water
Describe the properties of solids, liquids, and gases; relate the properties of water in each of its phases to changes taking place at the molecular level; describe what occurs at the molecular level during a phase change; interpret heating and cooling curves
Study: Coach Quotes (7) Interactive
Demonstration Essay: Paragraph
25 Phase Diagrams
Interpret the phase diagram for water; compare points on a phase diagram with positions on a heating curve; describe what the phase boundaries represent; know the meanings of the triple and critical points; compare and contrast the phase diagram for water with that of carbon dioxide; normal boiling point; normal melting point
Study: Coach Quotes (4) Drag and Drop
Activity Essay: Create a Poster
26 Energy Changes During a Phase
Change
Describe how energy is involved in state changes; perform calculations of energy changes as a substance goes from one state to another; evaporation; condensation; sublimation; deposition; freezing; melting; dynamic equilibrium; vapor pressure; heat of fusion
Study: Coach Quotes (9) Interactive
Demonstration (4) Essay: Create a Brochure
27 Specific Heat
Define specific heat; use specific heat to determine how much heat is required to raise the temperature of a substance by a given number of degrees Celsius; define calorimetry; use calorimetry to determine the specific heat capacity for a substance
Study: Coach Quotes (9) Interactive
Demonstration (2) Essay: Paragraph
28 Mixtures
Describe the different components of a solution; identify the solvent and solute in a solution; describe the interactions that take place when a solute dissolves in a solvent; calculate the energy change for a dissolution process; aqueous solutions; homogeneous mixtures; heterogeneous mixtures; saturated solutions; unsaturated solutions
Study: A+VLabs Solubility of Salts
Coach Quotes (5) Drag and Drop
Activity Essay: Paragraph
A+nyWhere Learning System Chemistry IA Scope & Sequence Grade Levels 10–11
Lesson Title Lesson Content Activities
118
29 Describing Concentration
Name different units of concentration used to describe a solution; calculate concentrations of solutions using various units; describe the process of making a solution in the lab; molarity; molality; mole fraction
Study: Coach Quotes (5) Drag and Drop
Activity Interactive
Experiment Essay: Paragraph
30 Colligative Properties
Define colligative properties; calculate the change in freezing point, boiling point, and vapor pressure when a solute is dissolved in a solvent; determine the molar mass of a substance using the methods of freezing point depression and boiling point elevation; distillation
Study: Coach Quotes (4) Essay: Paragraph
31 Solids
Explain the difference between an amorphous solid and a crystalline solid; identify examples of molecular, covalent-network, ionic, and metallic solids; predict properties of crystalline solids based on the type of bonding present within the solid; crystal lattice; formula unit; unit cell; lattice energy; metallic bond
Study: Check for Understanding
Coach Quote Essay: Paragraph
32 Gases and the
Kinetic-Molecular Theory
Explain all three physical states (solid, liquid, and gas) using kinetic-molecular theory; state the postulates that form the kinetic-molecular theory; distinguish a real gas from an ideal gas
Study: Interactive Demonstration (7)
Essay: Paragraph
33 Describing and
Measuring Pressure
Describe how a gas produces pressure; describe how atmospheric pressure is measured; determine the pressure of a gas in a flask attached to an open-ended manometer; convert between units used to measure pressure; pascal; millimeters of mercury; barometer; manometer
Study: Check for Understanding
Coach Quotes (2) Essay: Paragraph
34 Boyle's Law Boyle’s law; describe events at the molecular level that explain why Boyle’s law holds; solve problems using the mathematical representations of Boyle’s law; physical properties of gas
Study: A+VLabs Boyle’s Law
Coach Quotes (2) Essay: Paragraph
A+nyWhere Learning System Chemistry IA Scope & Sequence Grade Levels 10–11
Lesson Title Lesson Content Activities
119
35 Charles's Law State Charles’s law in words; state Charles’s law mathematically; use Charles’s law to calculate temperature or volume changes in a gas; absolute temperature
Study: A+VLabs Charles’s Law
Coach Quote Interactive
Demonstration Essay: Paragraph
36
The Law of Gay-Lussac and the Combined Gas
Law
Explain Gay-Lussac’s law; explain the combined gas law; explain Avogadro’s law; use the different gas laws to perform calculations
Study: Coach Quotes (4) Drag and Drop
Activity Essay: Create a Poster
37 The Ideal Gas Law
State the ideal gas law; determine the value of any variable in the law provided you know the values of the remaining four variables; use the ideal gas law to determine both the density of a gas and its molar mass; determine the gas pressure of interstellar space
Study: Check for Understanding
Coach Quotes (5) Essay: Paragraph
38 Real Gases
Describe the ways a real gas differs from an ideal gas; use the van der Waals equation to mathematically describe a real gas; explain how the van der Waals equation defines a real gas; explain how other gas laws are used to define real gases
Study: Check for Understanding
Coach Quotes (3) Essay: Paragraph
39 Diffusion and Effusion
Describe the speeds of gas particles in a gas sample; calculate the root-mean-square (rms) speed of a gas particle in a sample of a gas; describe how to separate a mixture of gases using effusion; use Graham’s law to determine the relative rates of diffusion of various gases; kinetic molecular theory
Study: Coach Quotes (2) Interactive
Demonstration Essay: Paragraph
40 Mixtures of Gases Explain Dalton’s law; use Dalton’s law to determine the partial pressure of a gas in a mixture; use Dalton’s law to determine the mole fraction of a gas in a mixture; use Dalton’s law to determine the total pressure of a gas mixture
Study: Animation (4) Coach Quotes (4) Essay: Create a Poster
A+nyWhere Learning System Chemistry IA Scope & Sequence Grade Levels 10–11
Lesson Title Lesson Content Activities
120
41 The Atmosphere
Describe the four regions in the atmosphere; explain how temperature and pressure vary within these regions; explain the processes of photodissociation and photoionization; explain the importance of ozone in the stratosphere and why chlorofluorocarbons are a threat to its existence there; explain the greenhouse effect and provide examples of greenhouse gases
Study: Coach Quotes (4) Essay: Create a Poster
Unit 6: Conservation of Matter and Stoichiometry
42 Chemical Equations
Distinguish between physical and chemical changes; define chemical reaction; define chemical equation; identify the parts of a chemical equation; use a word equation to describe a chemical reaction; explain the law of conservation of mass and how it relates to chemical reactions; reactants; products; coefficients
Study: Fill in the Blank Check for
Understanding Coach Quotes (8) Essay: Create a Poster
43 Balancing Chemical Equations
Recognize chemical equations that are not balanced; correct an unbalanced equation to make it balanced; write balanced chemical equations from written descriptions of the reactants and products
Study: Coach Quotes (6) Drag and Drop
Activity (8) Essay: Paragraph
44 Energy During
Chemical Reactions
Distinguish between physical or chemical changes that release energy and those that absorb energy; define enthalpy; define activation energy; explain how enthalpy changes in exothermic and endothermic reactions
Study: Coach Quotes (8) Interactive
Demonstration Drag and Drop
Activity Essay: Paragraph
45 Stoichiometry: How Much Do
You Need?
Define stoichiometry; use balanced chemical equations to determine stoichiometric relationships; practice solving stoichiometric problems
Study: Coach Quotes (6) Fill in the Blank Check for
Understanding Essay: Paragraph
A+nyWhere Learning System Chemistry IA Scope & Sequence Grade Levels 10–11
Lesson Title Lesson Content Activities
121
46 Stoichiometry: How Much Will
You Get?
Define limiting reactant; know how to identify whether a reactant is limiting or is present in excess; calculate the quantity of product generated when one reactant is limiting; calculate the quantity of excess reactant left over when another reactant is limiting
Study: Coach Quotes (7) Interactive
Demonstration Essay: Paragraph
47 Actual Yield Study situations that reduce the product quantity expected; define theoretical yield; define actual yield; define percent yield; calculate theoretical and percent yield values for various situations
Study: Coach Quotes (3) Fill in the Blank Check for
Understanding Essay: Paragraph
48
Types of Chemical
Reactions: Synthesis and Decomposition
Define synthesis and decomposition reactions; combination reactions; study the characteristics of synthesis and decomposition reactions in order to make generalizations about these types of reactions; predict reactant and product identities as they relate to synthesis and decomposition reactions; monomer; polymer; polymerization
Study: Coach Quotes (6) Interactive
Demonstration Drag and Drop
Activity (2) Essay: Paragraph
49
Types of Chemical
Reactions: Combustion and Displacement
Define combustion, single displacement, and double displacement reactions; study the characteristics of combustion, single displacement, and double displacement reactions in order to make generalizations about these types of reactions; predict reactant and product identities as they relate to combustion, single displacement, and double displacement reactions; oxidant; double replacement reactions; precipitate
Study: Coach Quotes (4) Drag and Drop
Activity Interactive
Demonstration Essay: Paragraph
50
Types of Chemical
Reactions: Oxidation-Reduction
Define oxidation; define reduction; recognize oxidation-reduction reactions; determine the change in oxidation state of an element as a result of reaction; identify which reactant is oxidized and which is reduced in a reaction; half-reaction; oxidation states
Study: Coach Quotes (8) Drag and Drop
Activity Essay: Paragraph
A+nyWhere Learning System Chemistry IA Scope & Sequence Grade Levels 10–11
Lesson Title Lesson Content Activities
122
51 Redox Reactions:
The Activity Series of Metals
Use experimental evidence to rank metals in order of their reactivity; explain what is meant by the activity series of metals; write and balance single displacement reactions as net ionic equations and as half-reaction equations; predict whether a single displacement reaction will occur between a metal and another metal cation
Study: Coach Quotes (7) Drag and Drop
Activity (2) Essay: Paragraph
52 Balancing Redox
Reactions in Acidic Solutions
Identify the elements undergoing oxidation and reduction in a reaction involving oxidation-reduction processes; assign oxidation states to any element in a compound; balance oxidation-reduction reactions in acid solution using the method of half-reactions; acidic aqueous solution
Study: Coach Quotes (6) Check for
Understanding Essay: Paragraph
53 Balancing Redox
Reactions in Basic Solutions
Balance oxidation-reduction reactions in basic solutions using the method of half-reactions; identify a balanced redox equation as taking place in either acidic, basic, or neutral conditions
Study: Coach Quotes (7) Interactive
Demonstration Essay: Paragraph
A+nyWhere Learning System Teachers’ Guide
123
Chemistry II Grade Levels 10–12
A+LS Chemistry II introduces students to a variety of topics including:
• the first law of thermodynamics
• electromagnetic energy
• classifying subatomic particles and forces
• molecular geometry
• colligative properties
• rate of diffusion
• the pH scale
• spontaneous reactions
• Le Chatelier’s Principle
A+nyWhere Learning System Chemistry II Teachers’ Guide Grade Levels 10–12
124
• A+LS Chemistry II is a comprehensive, completely integrated courses for grade levels 10–12. Major themes of study
include the fundamentals of chemistry, molecular geometry, the pH scale, and various scientific fields. Chemistry II will educate students in a variety of topics within the major themes of study. These lessons are designed to move the student beyond the level of basic knowledge into critical thinking and learning activities.
• Chemistry II is presented as a semester-long course.
• Most of the twenty-five lessons in Chemistry II contain a
study guide, a practice and mastery test, and a written essay, activity, or experiment.
• This title is certified by MetaMetrics® with a Lexile® score.
• This course is enriched by Encyclopædia Britannica® Online
School Edition (EB) workspaces that contain learning materials. Learning materials may contain articles, games, images, maps, and/or videos.
A+nyWhere Learning System Chemistry II Teachers’ Guide Grade Levels 10–12
125
• The content in this course is designed to meet and exceed the requirements of the National Science Education Standards
(NSES).
• Chemistry II focuses on science facts, concepts, principles, and theories that are important for all students to know, understand, and use. Lessons provide students a comprehensive study of critical and logical relationships of chemistry on the molecular level and convey the knowledge to recognize, analyze, construct, and review scientific methods, and properties. Students will gain the skill to apply logic and critical thinking to higher order applications.
• Chemistry II contains lessons pertaining to theories and calculations, chemical equations, kinetics and thermodynamics.
Third-Party Content in A+LS Lessons The Encyclopædia Britannica Online School Edition has teacher resources and student learning materials. The materials include a wide range of interactive lessons, research projects, animations, and worksheets that support many A+LS lessons. Each workspace may contain an article, diagram, study guide, video, or interactive media.
The launch icon for EB objects is located at the top of the A+LS screen in the study guide section.
A+nyWhere Learning System Chemistry II Teachers’ Guide Grade Levels 10–12
126
Course Name
Number of Lessons
Length of Course in Semesters
Grade Levels
Lexile Measure
Chemistry II 25 1 11–12 1010L
A+nyWhere Learning System Chemistry II Scope & Sequence Grade Levels 10–12
Lesson Title Lesson Content Activities
127
1 Stoichiometry Review of empirical and molecular formulas; theoretical yield of precipitate and gaseous reactions; calculation of theoretical yield and percent yield of a reaction involving a limiting reactant
Study: EB Learning Material
2 Thermochemistry Calculating heat capacity and specific heat; first law of thermodynamics; Hess’ Law; heat of reaction; enthalpy; heat of formation
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Written Activity A+VLabs: Reaction
and Rates
3 Modern Atomic Theory
Electromagnetic energy; wave nature of light; emission and absorption spectra; Bohr’s model of the atom; wave-particle duality; measuring light
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Compare and
Contrast
4 Quantum Mechanics Theory of quantum mechanics; writing orbital diagrams; assigning quantum numbers; writing electron configurations; atomic property prediction based on structure
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Activity
5 Nuclear Chemistry 1
Completing and balancing nuclear equations; predicting stability of isotopes; calculating energy equivalents of given masses; identification of nuclear particles; leptons; mesons; hadrons
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Written Activity
6 Nuclear Chemistry 2
Classifying subatomic particles and forces; nuclear equations; decay equations; bombardment equations; fission equations; half-life calculations Study: EB Learning Material
7 Periodic Properties Periodic properties of the elements; development of the periodic table; relating atomic structure and an element’s position on the chart; predicting atomic properties based on position on the chart
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Written Activity
8 Ionic Bonding Predicting formation of ionic bonds; electron transfer equations; energies of ionic bond formations
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Activity
A+nyWhere Learning System Chemistry II Scope & Sequence Grade Levels 10–12
Lesson Title Lesson Content Activities
128
9 Covalent Bonds Predicting non-polar and polar bonds; identification of types of covalent bonds; drawing Lewis structures
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Compare and
Contrast
10 Molecular Geometry 1
Valence Shell Electron Repulsion Theory and formula; using VSEPR to predict molecular geometry; identifying molecular bond properties by shape; Valence Bond Theory
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Compare and
Contrast
11 Molecular Geometry 2 Steps in writing ionic equations; prediction of molecular shapes Study: EB Learning Material
12 Chemical Equations 1
Review of four basic types of equations; review prediction of products of four types of equations; identification of symbols used in writing chemical reactions; the diatomic elements
Study: EB Learning Material
13 Chemical Equations 2
Synthesis, analysis, single-replacement, and double-replacement reactions; predicting net ionic equations; solubility rules; metathesis equations; ionic equations; net ionic equations
Study: EB Learning Material A+VLabs: Solubility
of Salts
14 States of Matter-Gases
Review of gas laws; review of gas properties; kinetic molecular theory; compare and contrast ideal and real gases
Study: EB Learning Material A+VLabs: Boyle’s
Law, Charles’s Law
15 States of Matter-Liquids
Properties of liquids; condensed states of matter; boiling point; heat of vaporization; vapor pressure; intermolecular forces; surface tension
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Written Activity
16 States of Matter-Solids Properties of solids; types of crystals; properties of crystals; compressibility Study: EB Learning Material
17 Solutions Types of solutions; miscible and immiscible solutions; precipitates; expressing solution concentration; factors that affect solubility and saturation; the solubility table
Study: EB Learning Material A+VLabs: Solubility
of Salts
A+nyWhere Learning System Chemistry II Scope & Sequence Grade Levels 10–12
Lesson Title Lesson Content Activities
129
18 Colligative Properties
How colligative properties affect vapor pressure, freezing point, and rate of diffusion; Raoult’s Law; freezing-point depression/boiling-point elevation; osmotic pressure
Study: EB Learning Material
19 Kinetics Reaction rates; activation energy; rate laws; effect of concentration on rate; effect of temperature on rate; effect of catalysts on rate Study: EB Learning Material
20 Acids and Bases 1 Arrhenius definition; Bronstad/Lower definition; pH scale; calculating pH; electrolytes; dissociation; monoprotic, diprotic, and tripotic acids Study: EB Learning Material
21 Acids and Bases 2 Strong acids/ bases; prediction of acid strength; calculating pH of a weak acid/weak base; titration; the ionization constant Study: EB Learning Material
22 Equilibrium 1 Spontaneous reactions; reversible reactions; writing a mass action expression; evaluation of the equilibrium constant; heterogeneous equilibria; calculation and application of equilibrium constant; Le Chatelier’s principle
Study: EB Learning Material
23 Equilibrium 2 Equilibrium constant equations; neutralization reactions; the role of solvents in ionization Study: EB Learning Material
24 Equilibrium 3 Buffers, buffer solutions, ionization of buffer solutions, carbonic acid-hydrogen carbonate buffers, and monohydrogen phosphate-dihydrogen buffers Study: EB Learning Material
25 Thermodynamics Conservation of energy; properties of heat and movement; heat of reaction; thermodynamic functions; Gibbs’ free energy; entropy; general observations about thermodynamics
Study: EB Learning Material
A+nyWhere Learning System Teachers’ Guide
130
Physics Grade Levels 11–12
A+LS Physics introduces students to a variety of topics including:
• mathematics as the language of physics • scalar and vector quantities • acceleration • Newton’s first law of motion • vectors • universal gravitation • mechanical advantage • thermal energy • types of waves • waves and wave energy • definition of sound • Snell’s Law • atoms • magnets • the unit of charge • Ohm’s Law • resistance • combined electrical circuits • how electricity is generated • a brief review of astronomy • gravity • momentum
A+nyWhere Learning System Physics Teachers’ Guide Grade Levels 11–12
131
A+LS Physics is a comprehensive, completely integrated course for grade levels 11–12. Physics will educate students in a variety of topics within the major themes of study. These lessons are designed to move the student beyond the level of basic knowledge into critical thinking and learning activities. Major themes of study include heat and thermodynamics, waves and wave energy, electricity and circuitry, mathematical principles of physics, and laws concerning gravity and gas properties. This course also offers several skills development lessons and section reviews to reinforce student learning of the various earth science topics.
• Physics is presented as a year-long course.
• All thirty lessons contain a study guide, a practice and
mastery test, and a written essay, activity or experiment.
• This course is enriched by Encyclopædia Britannica®
Online School Edition (EB) workspaces that contain learning materials. Learning materials may contain articles, games, images, maps, and/or videos.
A+nyWhere Learning System Physics Teachers’ Guide Grade Levels 11–12
132
• The content in this course is designed to meet and exceed the requirements of the National Science Education Standards
(NSES).
• Students will gain knowledge in the fundamentals of physics, applying the principles of logic and theories to the dynamics of scientific methods and applications.
• Physics focuses on science facts, concepts, principles, and theories that are important for all students to know,
understand, and use.
• Numerous lessons are associated with motion and forces, including Newton's laws of motion. Included are the processes of thermal energy and wave energy.
A+nyWhere Learning System Physics Teachers’ Guide Grade Levels 11–12
133
Third-Party Content in A+LS Lessons The Encyclopædia Britannica Online School Edition has teacher resources and student learning materials. The materials include a wide range of interactive lessons, research projects, animations, and worksheets that support many A+LS lessons. Each workspace may contain an article, diagram, study guide, video, or interactive media.
The launch icon for EB objects is located at the top of the A+LS screen in the study guide section.
A+nyWhere Learning System Physics Teachers’ Guide Grade Levels 11–12
134
Course Name
Number of Lessons
Length of Course in Semesters
Grade Levels
Physics 29 2 11–12
A+nyWhere Learning System Physics Scope & Sequence Grade Levels 11–12
Lesson Title Lesson Content Activities
135
1 Introduction to Physics
Physics: the search for understanding; introduction to physics concepts and term; the scientific method
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Written Response
2 The Language of Physics
Mathematics as the language of physics; review of mathematical principles that apply to physics; review of algebra and trigonometry
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Written Response
3 Motion in a Straight Line Scalar and vector quantities; the formula for velocity Study: EB Learning Material
Essay: Written Response
4 Acceleration The formulas for acceleration Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Problem Solving/
Computation
5 Acceleration from Gravity The effect of gravity on acceleration; calculating speed of acceleration Study: EB Learning Material
Essay: Written Response
6 Review 1 Review of mathematical principles and acceleration Study: EB Learning Material
7 Forces The four forces in nature; Newton’s first law of motion; Newton’s second law of motion; mass versus weight; Newton’s third law of motion
Study: EB Learning Material A+VLabs: Inclined
Plane Essay: Written Response
8 Vectors Vector addition; finding the resultant mathematically Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Problem Solving
9 Motion in Two Dimensions
Difference of straight line and two-dimensional motion; factors that affect motion
Study: EB Learning Material A+VLabs: Distance-
Time Graph Essay: Problem Solving/
Written Response
A+nyWhere Learning System Physics Scope & Sequence Grade Levels 11–12
Lesson Title Lesson Content Activities
136
10 Projectile Motion Motion in two dimensions; the horizontal and vertical components of projectile motion
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Written Response
11 Universal Gravitation Kepler’s laws of planetary motion; universal gravitation Study: EB Learning Material
Essay: Written Response
12 Momentum Impulse and the change in momentum; conservation of momentum Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Written Response
13 Review 2 Review of motion, forces, and momentum Study: EB Learning Material
14 Work The definition of work; power; calculating work Study: EB Learning Material A+VLabs: Inclined
Plane
15 Simple Machines The use of simple machines in the performance of work; mechanical advantage
Study: EB Learning Material A+VLabs: Inclined
Plane
16 Energy The meaning of potential energy and kinetic energy; the relationship between potential energy and kinetic energy, and the conservation of energy
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Written Response
17 Thermal Energy The kinetic theory; temperature and the temperature scales; the first law of thermodynamics; specific heat
Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Written Response
18 Gas Laws Pressure; Boyle’s law; Charles’s law; combined gas law; the ideal gas law
Study: EB Learning Material A+VLabs: Boyle’s
Law, Charles’s Law Essay: Written Response
19 Review 3 Review of energy and machines Study: EB Learning Material
A+nyWhere Learning System Physics Scope & Sequence Grade Levels 11–12
Lesson Title Lesson Content Activities
137
20 Waves and Wave Energy Types of waves; wave characteristics; measuring wave energy Study: EB Learning Material
21 Sound Definition of sound; an appreciation of hearing and music Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Activity
22 Light Definition of light; reflection and refraction; Snell’s law; the pinhole camera; ray diagrams for mirrors and lenses
Study: EB Learning Material A+VLabs:
Interference of Light waves
Essay: Written Response
23 Review 4 Review of energy Study: EB Learning Material
24 Electricity The atom; static electricity; the magnet; the meaning of current; the unit of charge
Study: EB Learning Material A+VLabs:
Electromagnetic Induction, Circuit Builder
Essay: Written Response
25 Series Circuits The flow of electrons; the units for electric current and power; Ohm’s law; current, voltage, and resistance
Study: EB Learning Material A+VLabs: Circuit
Builder Essay: Written Response
26 Parallel Circuits Definition of parallel circuits and differences in circuits Study: EB Learning Material A+VLabs: Circuit
Builder
27 Combined Circuits Identification of combined electrical circuits and how they work Study: EB Learning Material A+VLabs: Circuit
Builder
A+nyWhere Learning System Physics Scope & Sequence Grade Levels 11–12
Lesson Title Lesson Content Activities
138
28 Transmission Description of how electricity is generated and how it is transported from point of generation to point of use
Study: EB Learning Material A+VLabs:
Electromagnetic Induction
Essay: Activity/Written Response
29 Astronomy A brief review of astronomy Study: EB Learning Material Essay: Written Response
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