current trends issues in nursing education

Joan Edwards, RNC, MN, CNSAssociate Clinical Professor

Texas Woman’s University – Houstonjedwards3@twu.edu

Objectives Describe forces and issues driving nursing

education in the 21st century. Apply at least one theory to nursing

education. Define components of curriculum

development and design & redesign. Identify different approaches to teaching. Explain teaching methodologies applicable

for adult learners.

Then → Now

Then: Traditional approach – objectives with closely orchestrated learning experiences; faculty controlled

Now: Competencies and outcomes; focus on “end product”; faculty-student collaborative learning process

External Forces & Issues Driving

Nursing Education MDG’s Global issues

- global violence

- demographic changes

- technological advances

- globalization

- environmental challenges

Internal Forces & Issues

Driving Nursing Education WHO Standards for Basic

Nursing Education (2009) Nursing care delivery systems Nursing shortage New and emerging degrees 21 competencies for the 21st

century (Bellack & O’Neil, 2000)

Strategies to identify Forces and Issues in Indonesia

related to Nursing Education

Comparison of WHO Standards with nursing education programs in Indonesia

Environmental scan Forecasting Epidemiology Survey research/Consensus building

Learning & Education Theories

Boyer’s Scholarship of Engagement

Kolb’s Learning Cycle Bloom’s taxonomy of learning

objectives Knowles’s adult learning theory

Components of Curriculum Development and Design

Type of undergraduate nursing program: diploma, associate or baccalaureate degree

Curriculum design: - blocked content - integrated content Sequencing of courses (master plan)

Use of Theory in Curriculum Development

Single specific nursing theory or model

Concepts from multiple theories or models

Next Steps Mission Vision Core Values Philosophy Competencies (with leveling) Curriculum outcomes Quality improvement

activities

Accrediting Bodies

National League for Nursing Accrediting Commission (NLNAC)

Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education (CCNE)

Teaching Approaches

Lecture Problem-based learning Competency-based learning Concept mapping Portfolio Self-learning packets

Student Learning Styles

Characteristics of the learner

Diversity of learners

Learning style preferences

Types of Learners

Visual (25%)

Auditory (30%)

Kinesthetic (45%)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinesthetic_learning

Learning Style Lecture Reading Audio-visual Demonstration Discussion group Practice by doing Teaching others Immediate

application in real situation

Knowledge Retention - 10% - 20% - 30% - 50% - 75% - 85% - 90% - 90%

(National Training Laboratory Institute, Alexandria, VA, 2006)

Learning Style Assessment Tool

http://www.vark-learn.com/Indonesian/page.asp?p=questionnaire

What do we want to “stick” ?

Disease processes Assessment data Critical thinking Nursing diagnoses Interventions Emergent care Desired outcomes Customer service

Adult learner education components

Reflection: Analysis of experiences, observations, feelings, and perceptions

Strategies include thinking out loud; journaling

Adult learner education components

Understanding & Making Connections: between anatomy, physiology, pathophysiology, disease processes, interventions, medications, patient care, patient teaching, impact on family, community

Care mapping; concept maps, care planning, etc.

Interactive Learning

Methodologies Action methods Literature Art Memory aides

Action Methods Drama Case scenarios Simulation Soap operas/television

segments

Hmong Practices

Case Scenarios

Labor Patients

Simulation

Perinatal Loss

Time with my son (D. Armstrong,

2001)

Literature

Ignaz Semmelweis

(D. Armstrong, 2001)

Art Audio clips Video clips Photography Artwork

Postpartum Hemorrhage

Memory Aides Acronym Visual aides Poetry Music Games

BUBBLE-HER (acronym) B – breasts U – uterus B – bowels B – bladder L – lochia E – episiotomy (stitches)/ laceration/incision H – Homan’s sign E – emotional status R – RhoGam candidate? Rubella vaccine?

Cardinal Movements of the Fetus

Descent Flexion

Internal rotation Extension Restitution

External Rotation Expulsion

“It’s a Decel”(tune of “Clementine”)

It’s a decel; it’s a decel

to the left and to the right

Turn the Pit off; grab the 02

Let the doc know we’re all right!

“Hang the Mag”(tune of “Taps”)

Hang the Mag; or she’ll seize

Don’t you know that she has clonus three?

Hang the Mag; or she’ll seize

Won’t you, please?

Games Perinatal Trivial Pursuit Postpartum Bingo Want to be a Millionaire Are you Smarter than a

Student Nurse?

Small Group Learning Activity

Break into small groups Choose a topic (disease process,

assessment data, nursing interventions, emergent care, desired outcome, etc.)

Choose an interactive learning process

Create your tool to “Make It Stick”!

Share Time

Future Trends & Issues in Nursing Education

Increased collaboration between nursing practice and nursing education

Increased emphasis on collaboration between healthcare disciplines

Increased development of educational products for faculty and students

Increased student and nurse mobility (including increased licensure mobility)

Increased distance (online) learning Schools of nursing providing ongoing professional

development for competence requirements Increased teaching of evidence-based practice.

References

Bellack , J.P., & O’Neil, E.H. (2000). Recreating nursing practice for a new century: Recommendations and implications of the Pew Health Professions Commission’s final report. Nursing & Health Care Perspectives, 21(1), 14-21.

Billings, D.M. & Halstead, J.A. (2009). Teaching in nursing: A guide for faculty (3rd Ed). St. Louis, Missouri: Saunders Elsevier.

National League for Nursing. (2007). The scope of practice for academic nurse educators. New York, NY: NLN.

World Health Organization. (2009). Global standards for the initial education for professional nurses and midwives. Retrieved April 12, 2010, from World Health Organization website: http://www.who.int/hrh/nursing_midwifery/en/