cultural studies in japan and the united states
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Cultural studies in Japan
and the United StatesYunuen Mandujano
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Elements that configure Japanese
studies in the U.S. (And Mexico too)
Countrys
organizationalstructures
Countrysideas andconditions
Perceptionsand concernsof the countryabout Japan.
The type ofexpertise that haveJapan specialists
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Development of Japanese Studies
in the U.S.
Postwar phenomenon,
product of the Cold War:
Language and area studies
From about the mid-
1980s:
Economic Competition
By the end of the
century:
Cultural Studies
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Language and area studies
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Economic competition
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Cultural studies
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Characteristics of cultural studies
Sense that culture and politicaleconomy need to be studied one inrelation to the other.
Conception of culture as activelyconstructed, changing andmaintained by human actions.
Conviction that culture has distinctforms within one society(subcultures).
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Assumption of the importance of allcultural representations as objects ofstudy.
Understanding that anything culturalmust be studied in its context.
All research must be consciously self-reflexive.
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Requirements of cultural studies
High level of language and visualskills.
Close attention to context.
Movement thru disciplinary lines,without the formal interdisciplinarytraining needed before.
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Features of Cultural studies about
Japan in the U.S.
Increasing dominance of humanities.
Film, visual arts, popular culture. Stronger Japanese language skills.
Deeper everyday involvement in
Japan and Japanese language. Internet as a source of material.
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Statistical data of American Japan
specialists
By 2005, from a total of 1285,63.7% male, 36.3 female.
Major concentration:
Male: 55 64
Female: 45 54
From Non-faculty occupations, majorconcentration as: librarian (18.1%).
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Universities with more DoctoralStudents in Japanese Studies (2005)
Harvard University 67
University of Hawaii 66
Columbia University 65
Princeton University 43
U. of C. at Berkeley 37
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Institutions with more Japanspecialists (2005)
Columbia University 105
Harvard University 103
University of Michigan 69
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Japan Specialists Funding Priorities
Language Study in Japan, Study Abroad
Graduate Student Support forDissertation Research
Support for Additional Faculty Positions
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Prehistory
Nara
Heian
Kamakura
Ashikaga
Sengoku
Tokugawa
EarlyTokugawa
LateTokugawa
Bakumatsu
Meiji
Taisho
Showa
EarlyShowa
PostwarShowa
Heisei
1995
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
%
Historical Period of Specialization
1995
2005
Source: Modified from data taken from The Japan Foundation (2007) Japanesestudies in the United States and Canada: Continuities and opportunities. Pp. 41
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Anthopology,
Psych.,
Soc.
Art,
ArtHistory
Businessandeconomics
Communication,
LibraryScience
Education
Geography,
Environment
History
Lang
uage,
Linguistics
Law
Literature
Music,
Danc
e,
TheatreArts
Philosophy
Politics
Religion
Scienceand
Technology
1995
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Domains of Specialization
1995
2005
Source: Modified from data taken from The Japan Foundation (2007) Japanese studies
in the United States and Canada: Continuities and opportunities.Pp. 45
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Institutions with Japan Specialists by Number of
Specialists
Year 1 2 to 3 4 to 7 8 to 11 12 or more
1970 56.1 24.5 12.2 2.9 4.3
1984 33 30.3 24.8 4.9 7
1995 47.7 23.7 16.2 5.2 7.2
2005 39.5 22.1 14.6 11.6 12.2
Source: Modified from data taken from The Japan Foundation (2007) Japanese
studies in the United States and Canada: Continuities and opportunities.Pp. 98
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% of Academic Institutions with presence of
Japanese Studies by Level of Degree offered
Degree Level 1995 2005
Associate 29.3 25.3
BA 87 95.7
MA 71.4 78.2
PhD 41.1 50
Number of Institutions 440 348
Source: Modified from data taken from The Japan Foundation (2007)
Japanese studies in the United States and Canada: Continuities and
opportunities.Pp. 104
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How is Japan being promoted in
the internet?
Japan as exciting andexotic
Being trated asfamous by Japanese
Promotion of CulturalStudies in Japan
Scholarships
Loans
Visas
Racist
Language almostimpossible todominate
Foreigners excludedand been denied helpin many situations.
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