css, xhtml, javascript
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XHTML, CSS, JavascriptTrần Khải Hoàng
Website development process HTML vs XHTML CSS Javascript
Content
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Designer
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developer
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I want…I need …
Page design
Website
Website specification
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Wireframe
Content
Website development process
Template
XHTML=EXtensible HyperText Markup Language
XHTML is almost identical to HTML 4.01 XHTML is a stricter and XHTML is a W3C
Recommendation cleaner version of HTML XHTML is HTML defined as an XML application
What is XHTML ?
XHTML elements must be properly nested<b><i>This text is bold and italic</b></i><b><i>This text is bold and italic</i></b>
XHTML elements must always be closed <p>This is a paragraph
<p>This is a paragraph</p> XHTML elements must be in lowercase<BODY> a website</BODY><body> a website </body>
HTML vs XHTML (1)
Empty elements must also be ClosedA break: <br> A break: <br/>
All attribute value must be quoted<img src=moutain.jpg/><img src=“moutain.jpg”/>
XHTML documents must have one root element<html><head>…</head</html>><body>…</body><html><head>…</head><body>…</body></html><!DOCTYPE> Is Mandatory
HTML vs XHTML (2)
XHTML is easier to maintain XHTML is XSL ready XHTML is ready for query using DOM,
Xpath XHTML is easier to teach and to learn XHTML is ready for the future
Why XHTML ?
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en">
<head>
<title>Title here</title>
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" />
<!-- other head information here -->
</head>
<body>
<!-- other body information here -->
</body>
</html>
XHTML basic structure
XHTML 1.0 StrictThis DTD contains all HTML elements and attributes, but does NOT INCLUDE presentational or deprecated elements (like font). Framesets are not allowed. The markup must also be written as well-formed XML.<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
XHTML 1.0 TransitionalThis DTD contains all HTML elements and attributes, INCLUDING presentational and deprecated elements (like font). Framesets are not allowed. The markup must also be written as well-formed XML.<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
XHTML 1.0 FramesetThis DTD is equal to XHTML 1.0 Transitional, but allows the use of frameset content.<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Frameset//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-frameset.dtd">
!DOCTYPE
Validation helps to find errors in XHTML code
Validated XHTML prevents website bugs How to validate ?
◦ http://validator.w3.org/◦ Web developer add-on (Firefox, IE)
Validate XHTML
CSS = Cascading Style Sheet CSS consists of rules to display, style and
decorate HTML elements Why CSS ?
◦ Separate decoration from HTML markup (Ex : <b>,<font>,…)
◦ Help web development faster◦ Easy to maintain and fix bugs◦ Easy to change website layout & interface
What is CSS ?
Total element width = width + left padding + right padding + left border + right border + left margin + right margin
Total element height = height + top padding + bottom padding + top border + bottom border + top margin + bottom margin
IE includes padding and border in the width, when the width property is set, unless a DOCTYPE is declared.
Box model
A fixed layout is a layout with a fixed width
Fixed layout
Pros : • Easy to create• Width are the same
in all browser• No need min-width,
max-widthCons : • Additional spaces in
high resolution• Scrollbars when in
low resolutionExamples : http://www.lebloe.comhttp://www.floridaflourish.com
Fluid (liquid) layout is a layout that adjust to the user’s screen resolution
Fluid layout
Pros : • More use friendly• No unused spaces• Eliminate horizontal
scrollbarCons : • May look awful in
some resolution• Image, video may
have multiple width• Additional space
while less content in large resolution
Examples : http://www.blossomgraphicdesign.com
CSS float allows element to be pushed to left or right so that other elements will wrap on it
Ex : img{ float:left;} Float usually used for images and layout To turn off other elements to wrap around
float, use {clear:both} or clearfix (google it)
Floating element
Layout using float
Using {position} we can place an element anywhere on webpage◦ position : static;◦ position : fixed;◦ position : relative;◦ position : absolute;
Positioning element
Static position static — The default positioning of all
elements. Static elements remain in the normal page flow and do not move.
Fixed position fixed — Element will be taken out of the
normal flow of the page, and attach to viewable page edges
fixed element will stay visible even when the page is scrolled.
Internet Explorer 6 does not support fixed positioning without !DOCTYPE
Demo fixed element PositionFixed.html
Relative position relative — A relative element will be
positioned according to its static place holder
relative element will have a place holder to mark its original place
Demo relative element PositionRelative.html
Absolute position absolute — An absolute-positioned
element will be taken out of the normal flow of the page & placed according to its nearest relative-positioned parent.
By default, <body> will has position:relative;
Demo absolute position AbsolutePosition.html
Overlap element If 2 element are overlapped when
displaying, z-index will be used to specify their orders
z-index can be positive or negative Higer z-index will be in front of others
Demo overlap PositionOverlap.html
A technique to replace text with image using CSS
<h1 class=“header"> Toosols online </h1>.header{
overflow:hidden;text-indent:-9999px;background:url(logo.gif) no-repeat;
}
Image replacement
Sliding door
Rounded box
IE6 and below has many CSS bugs
Some bugs : ◦ PNG transparency ◦ IE Box model◦ Double margin bug◦ No min/max width/height
Cross browser issue
Float left (right) element that has left (right) margin will have double margin
Demo : Fix :
◦ Add display:inline; to the floated element
Double margin bug
E6 ignores the min-height property and instead treats height as the minimum height
Demo : Fix : /*For IE6*/ #container {min-height:200px; height:200px;} /*For all other browsers*/ html>body #container { height:auto;}
Min Height
100% height doesn’t effect in IE6 Fix :
◦ Specify a fixed height of its parent element. ◦ Need element fill the full-length of your page, apply
height:100%; to both the html and body elements/*100% height of the parent element for IE6*/ #parent {height:500px;} #child {height:100%;} /*100% of the page length for IE6*/ html, body {height:100%;} #fullLength {height:100%;}
100% Height
Floated elements drop below their expected position when their total width exceeds the content’s width of its container.
Demo Fix :
◦ Wrap content in a fixed-width container large enough to accommodate the content, or remove the width from the static block.
Float Drops
Container will not wrap floated elements properly
Fix : ◦ Add width & overflow : hidden to its
container
Clear float
When text is next to a floated element. IE6 will add a 3px margin between the element and the text, even if none is specified
Fix : ◦ When in IE6, apply margin-left : -3px for text
3px text jog bug
Identify IE6 to apply CSS or Js fix : ◦ Using Conditional Comments For Internet Explorer
Use Javascript to identify IE6
◦ Use IE 6 unsupported CSS Selectors
IE filter
Strategy to avoid IE issue :1. Start working with an standard compliant
browser (like Firefox)2. Use the right DOCTYPE3. Validate your code4. Use CSS reset first5. Use progressive enhancementWay to fix : 6. Use IE filter7. Use javascript framework8. Use IE6 javascript fix9. Use IE6 hack (not recommend)
How to overcome IE6 issue
A collection of common CSS for reuse Framework can divide into :
◦ reset ◦ baseline◦ forms◦ typography◦ grid
Some framework : Blue Print YUI Grids YAML ( Yet Another Multicolumn Layout)
CSS framework
Pros :◦ DRY (Don't repeat yourself)◦ Basic concept that makes it easy for other people
tounderstand the style
◦ Implicitly use coding/naming guidelines Cons :
◦ ... that are not yours◦ You have to learn the framework◦ Possible semantical implications◦ Might offer too much
Pros and Cons
http://blueprintcss.googlecode.com License: MIT Based on the idea of splitting the
width of apage into 24 columns (with 40px = 30px +10px margin each)
By default max-width 950px (24 * 40 -10)
No fluid layout possible (yet)
Introduce Blueprint
Invented in 1995, became ISO standard in 1998 Runs within a host environment (Web browser,
adobe acrobat, …) Javascript capable of :
◦ Programming◦ React to events◦ DOM manipulation : read,write,modify HTML elements◦ Change CSS at runtime◦ Read, write cookies◦ Animation (with the help of some library)
Javascript
Mô hình quan hệ giữa các nodeHTML DOM tree
Quan hệ giữa các nodeHTML DOM example
Lấy 1 node
45
X.getElementById ( id) :get element with provided id in X
X.getElementByTagName( name) : get list of elements with provided tag name in X
Get an HTML DOM node
X.innerHTML : html text in X
X.nodeName : node name of X
X.parentNode : parent node
X.childNodes: array of X children nodes
X.attributes : array of X attributes
X.firstChild : X’ first child node
X.lastChild : X’ last chid node
X.nextSibling : X next sibling node
X.previousSibling : X previous sibling node
X is an HTML DOM node
Thuộc tính 1 nodeHTML DOM Node access
<div> Hello <b>World</b> </div>
innerHTML vs outerHTML
a outerHTML
innerHTML
innerHTML vs outerHTML
Ví dụ innerHTMLHTML DOM traverse Example
X.appendChild ( Y) : add node Y into node X
X.removeChild ( Y ) : remove node Y out of node X
document.createTextNode(“Text”) : create a text node
document.createElement(TagName) : create an element node
Thêm, xóa 1 nodeAdd-remove nodes
Ví dụ
X.getAttribute(“Attribute name”) : Get an attribute value
X.setAttribute(“Attribute name”,”Attribute value”) : Set attribute value
X.removeAttribute(“Attribute name”) : Remove attribute
Làm việc với thuộc tínhModify attributes
Every element node has an style object that represent its CSS
To change CSS style :
Định dạng nodeHTML Style object
Ví dụ Style object example
Ví dụ
Thay đổi border, margin, paddingDOM Node properties
Thay đổi backgroundStyle background
Thay đổi fontStyle font
Objects Everything in Javascript is object includes
function Object is simple name-value pairs, as seen
in:◦ Dictionaries in Python◦ Hashes in Perl and Ruby◦ Hash tables in C and C++◦ HashMaps in Java◦ Associative arrays in PHP
Very common, versatile data structure Name part is a string; value can be anything
var obj = { name: "Carrot", "for": "Max", details: { color: "orange", size: 12 }} > obj.details.color
orange > obj["details"]["size"]
12
Object example
You can iterate over the keys of an object:var obj = { 'name': 'Simon', 'age': 25};for (var attr in obj) { print (attr + ' = ' + obj[attr]);}
for (var attr in obj)
function makePerson(first, last) { return { first: first, last: last }}function personFullName(person) { return person.first + ' ' + person.last;}function personFullNameReversed(person) { return person.last + ', ' + person.first}
Function return object(1)
> s = makePerson("Simon", "Willison");> personFullName(s)Simon Willison> personFullNameReversed(s)Willison, Simon Surely we can attach functions to the
objects themselves?
Function returns object (2)
function makePerson(first, last) { return { first: first, last: last, fullName: function() { return this.first + ' ' + this.last; }, fullNameReversed: function() { return this.last + ', ' + this.first; } }}
Object methods
> s = makePerson("Simon", "Willison")> s.fullName()Simon Willison> s.fullNameReversed()Willison, Simon
Using object methods
function Person(first, last) { this.first = first; this.last = last; this.fullName = function() { return this.first + ' ' + this.last; } this.fullNameReversed = function() { return this.last + ', ' + this.first; }}var s = new Person("Simon", "Willison");
Function constructor
function Person(first, last) { this.first = first; this.last = last;}Person.prototype.fullName = function() { return this.first + ' ' + this.last;}Person.prototype.fullNameReversed = function() { return this.last + ', ' + this.first;}
Prototype
> var s = "Simon";> s.reversed()TypeError: s.reversed is not a function> String.prototype.reversed = function() { var r = ''; for (var i = this.length - 1; i >= 0; i--){ r += this[i]; } return r;}> s.reversed()nomiS> "This can now be reversed".reversed()desrever eb won nac sihT
Extending core objects
Job done faster Overcome cross-browser issue in Javascript +
CSS Programming easier Most important : don’t invent the wheel Some javascript framwork :
◦ jQuery ◦ Prototype◦ YUI◦ Dojo◦ Extjs◦ Mootools
Why javascript framework ?
jQuery is a fast JavaScript Library to simplify: ◦ HTML document traversing,◦ Event handling◦ Animating◦ Ajax interactions for rapid web development.
Demo – Table strips,filter…
Kham khảo
XHTML Tutorial http://www.w3schools.com/xhtml/default.asp
CSS Tutorial http://www.w3schools.com/css/
Quirk mode http://www.quirksmode.org/
Ultimate IE6 bug http://www.virtuosimedia.com/tutorials/ultimate-ie6-cheatsheet-how-to-fix-25-internet-explorer-6-bugs
HTML vs XHTML http://www.webstandards.org/learn/articles/askw3c/oct2003/
Fixed vs Fluid layout http://www.smashingmagazine.com/2009/06/02/fixed-vs-fluid-vs-elastic-layout-whats-the-right-one-for-you/
Blue print framwork http://www.blueprintcss.org/
CSS Frameworks: An introduction Horst Gutmann
Reference
Reference Javascript Tutorial : http://www.w3schools.com/JS/default.asp Object Oriented JavaScript Mike Girouard — AJAXWorld 2009 HTML DOM Tutorial :
http://www.w3schools.com/HTMLDOM/default.asp Javascript & DOM example :
http://www.w3schools.com/JS/js_ex_dom.asp HTML DOM Style Object :
http://www.w3schools.com/jsref/dom_obj_style.asp JQuery SCOTT@THERYANSPLACE.COM MAY 2008 JavaScript Libraries, Ajax Experience - October 2007,John Resig
(ejohn.org) A (Re)-Introduction to JavaScriptSimon Willison ETech, jquery http://jquery.org LearningJQuery_v1.3 – Jonathan Chaffer, Pack publishing
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