mastering the internet, xhtml, and javascript

Mastering the Internet, Mastering the Internet, XHTML, and JavaScriptXHTML, and JavaScript

Chapter 2Chapter 2

Web BrowsersWeb Browsers

2Chapter 2 - Web Browsers

OutlineOutline Goals and ObjectivesGoals and Objectives Chapter HeadlinesChapter Headlines IntroductionIntroduction Finding a web pageFinding a web page Browser TasksBrowser Tasks The two browsersThe two browsers Browser window structureBrowser window structure Internet ExplorerInternet Explorer Netscape CommunicatorNetscape Communicator OperaOpera

Crazy BrowserCrazy Browser Managing web pagesManaging web pages Browser CacheBrowser Cache Plug-insPlug-ins BookmarksBookmarks History listHistory list CustomizationCustomization SecuritySecurity Wireless browsingWireless browsing SummarySummary


Goals and ObjectivesGoals and Objectives GoalsGoals

Understand and master the use of web browsers, to make Understand and master the use of web browsers, to make surfing the web a more pleasant and productive experiencesurfing the web a more pleasant and productive experience

ObjectivesObjectives Browser TasksBrowser Tasks Browser Window StructureBrowser Window Structure Microsoft Internet ExplorerMicrosoft Internet Explorer Netscape CommunicatorNetscape Communicator Opera and Crazy BrowserOpera and Crazy Browser Managing browsers: cache, plug-ins, and customizationManaging browsers: cache, plug-ins, and customization Managing surfing: bookmarks, privacy, and securityManaging surfing: bookmarks, privacy, and security Browsers for hand-heldsBrowsers for hand-helds


Chapter HeadlinesChapter Headlines 2.1 2.1 IntroductionIntroduction

You need a web browser to view web pagesYou need a web browser to view web pages 2.2 2.2 Finding a web pageFinding a web page

The browser uses the URL of the web page to locate its web The browser uses the URL of the web page to locate its web server computerserver computer

2.3 2.3 Browser TasksBrowser Tasks Common browser tasks are viewing, navigation, Common browser tasks are viewing, navigation,

downloading files, and printingdownloading files, and printing 2.42.4 The Two BrowsersThe Two Browsers

Internet Explorer is widely used and Netscape is secondInternet Explorer is widely used and Netscape is second 2.5 2.5 Browser Window StructureBrowser Window Structure

All browsers have title bar, menu bar, toolbars and status barAll browsers have title bar, menu bar, toolbars and status bar 2.62.6 Internet ExplorerInternet Explorer

Fast and versatile browser but has no tabs, filters, or skinsFast and versatile browser but has no tabs, filters, or skins


Chapter HeadlinesChapter Headlines 2.72.7 Netscape CommunicatorNetscape Communicator

Comes in two versions: 4.8 and 7.01Comes in two versions: 4.8 and 7.01 2.82.8 OperaOpera

Claims to be the fastest browser on earth and has skins tooClaims to be the fastest browser on earth and has skins too 2.92.9 Crazy BrowserCrazy Browser

Imitates IE, but is a tabbed browser, and has popup filters Imitates IE, but is a tabbed browser, and has popup filters and killersand killers

2.102.10 Managing Web Pages in a BrowserManaging Web Pages in a Browser Each page has URL, XHTML file, and content displayEach page has URL, XHTML file, and content display

2.11 2.11 Browser CacheBrowser Cache It speeds up downloading of web pagesIt speeds up downloading of web pages

2.122.12 Plug-insPlug-ins It enables rendering of many different file typesIt enables rendering of many different file types


Chapter HeadlinesChapter Headlines 2.132.13 BookmarksBookmarks

It enables rendering of many different file typesIt enables rendering of many different file types 2.14 2.14 History ListHistory List

Use browser history list to trace your past navigation Use browser history list to trace your past navigation experienceexperience

2.15 2.15 CustomizationCustomization Change browser colors, fonts, and other settings to suit your Change browser colors, fonts, and other settings to suit your

use and styleuse and style 2.16 2.16 SecuritySecurity

HTTPS, digital keys, and certificates protect data on internetHTTPS, digital keys, and certificates protect data on internet 2.17 2.17 Wireless BrowsingWireless Browsing

Ability to Sync handhelds for mobilityAbility to Sync handhelds for mobility


IntroductionIntroduction A web browser is a computer program that A web browser is a computer program that displays web page displays web page

contentcontent The user can specify the requested web page, by typing or clicking The user can specify the requested web page, by typing or clicking

on a link, in a browseron a link, in a browser Browser can, then, Browser can, then, locate and retrievelocate and retrieve relevant web pages from relevant web pages from

serversservers Browser window is like the window of any other computer Browser window is like the window of any other computer

applicationapplication


Finding a Web-pageFinding a Web-page1.1. Type the page URLType the page URL

2.2. Browser sends URL to DNS server which replies with IP address of Browser sends URL to DNS server which replies with IP address of requested serverrequested server

3.3. TCP/IP packets go to the server through routersTCP/IP packets go to the server through routers

4.4. Web server, upon receiving the packets, locates the file and sends it Web server, upon receiving the packets, locates the file and sends it to your browser through routersto your browser through routers


Browser TasksBrowser Tasks

The following are important browser tasks:The following are important browser tasks:

ViewingViewing

NavigatingNavigating

DownloadingDownloading

PrintingPrinting

E-mail toolsE-mail tools


Two BrowsersTwo Browsers Internet Explorer (IE) and Netscape Communicator (NC) are Internet Explorer (IE) and Netscape Communicator (NC) are

two important browserstwo important browsers To download IE go to To download IE go to http://www.microsoft.comhttp://www.microsoft.com To download NC go to To download NC go to http://http://www.netscape.comwww.netscape.com


Browser Window StructureBrowser Window StructureA browser window has several bars on top of the window A browser window has several bars on top of the window and one on the bottom of the windowand one on the bottom of the window Title bar Title bar : displays the title of current web page: displays the title of current web page Menu bar Menu bar : contains the pull down menus: contains the pull down menus Navigation bar Navigation bar : to navigate through web-pages: to navigate through web-pages Address bar Address bar : to type URL addresses: to type URL addresses Status barStatus bar : displays messages about the progress of : displays messages about the progress of current taskscurrent tasks Display areaDisplay area : displays the web page content : displays the web page content


Browser Window StructureBrowser Window Structure


Internet ExplorerInternet ExplorerMenus:Menus: FileFile EditEdit ViewView FavoritesFavorites ToolsTools HelpHelp

Toolbars:Toolbars: Standard buttonsStandard buttons Address bar (URL)Address bar (URL) Links toolbarLinks toolbar Status barStatus bar


Netscape CommunicatorNetscape Communicator

Menus:Menus: FileFile EditEdit ViewView GoGo CommunicatorCommunicator HelpHelp

Toolbars:Toolbars: Navigation toolbarNavigation toolbar Address bar (URL)Address bar (URL) Personal toolbarPersonal toolbar Status barStatus bar

Modules:Modules: NavigatorNavigator InboxInbox NewsgroupsNewsgroups ComposerComposer Address bookAddress book Instant Instant

messengermessenger


OperaOpera

Menus:Menus: FileFile EditEdit ViewView NavigationNavigation BookmarksBookmarks MailMail WindowWindow HelpHelp

Toolbars:Toolbars: Main barMain bar Navigation barNavigation bar Address barAddress bar Personal toolbarPersonal toolbar Page barPage bar Status barStatus bar

Can be downloaded at Can be downloaded at http://www.opera.comhttp://www.opera.com When it crashes it starts where it left offWhen it crashes it starts where it left off


OperaOpera


Crazy BrowserCrazy BrowserMenus:Menus: FileFile EditEdit ViewView FavoritesFavorites HistoryHistory GroupsGroups OptionsOptions ToolsTools TabsTabs HelpHelp

Toolbars:Toolbars: Navigation barNavigation bar Address barAddress bar Links barLinks bar Status barStatus bar


Managing web pagesManaging web pages Managing web pages deals with three aspects:Managing web pages deals with three aspects:

URLURL XHTML fileXHTML file Display in browserDisplay in browser

A user can save a web page URL by making it a A user can save a web page URL by making it a favoritefavorite in IE or a in IE or a bookmarkbookmark in NC in NC

A user can print the web page he is viewing by using the A user can print the web page he is viewing by using the PrintPrint button button

A user can save the web page by using A user can save the web page by using Save As…Save As… option option from the from the FileFile menu menu


Browser CacheBrowser Cache A browser cache speeds up the retrieval and display A browser cache speeds up the retrieval and display

of web pages that are being re-visited during a of web pages that are being re-visited during a sessionsession

Browsers use two types of caching schemesBrowsers use two types of caching schemes Memory cacheMemory cache Disk cacheDisk cache

Memory cacheMemory cache saves web pages during its current saves web pages during its current sessionsession

Disk cacheDisk cache saves web pages from its previous session saves web pages from its previous session When a page is requested, the browser first checks its When a page is requested, the browser first checks its

memory cache and then disk cache.memory cache and then disk cache. Browser also checks for updatesBrowser also checks for updates


Plug-insPlug-ins Plug-ins are programs that run within the browserPlug-ins are programs that run within the browser Plug-ins appear to be a part of the browser even Plug-ins appear to be a part of the browser even

though they are separate programsthough they are separate programs The browser informs the user whenever a plug-in is The browser informs the user whenever a plug-in is

needed for a web pageneeded for a web page They are easy to installThey are easy to install Examples include:Examples include:

Adobe Acrobat ReaderAdobe Acrobat Reader : to view .pdf files : to view .pdf files Macromedia ShockwaveMacromedia Shockwave : plays animation and sound : plays animation and sound Macromedia FlashMacromedia Flash : to view animations : to view animations Apple QuicktimeApple Quicktime : plays text, animations, video, and sound : plays text, animations, video, and sound


BookmarksBookmarks A bookmark is a saved link to a web pageA bookmark is a saved link to a web page User can name the bookmarked linksUser can name the bookmarked links

E.g.E.g. my bank account, my home pagemy bank account, my home page Bookmarks in one browser/machine cannot be visible Bookmarks in one browser/machine cannot be visible

in another browser/machinein another browser/machine Bookmark managing task include:Bookmark managing task include:

AddingAdding DeletingDeleting OrganizingOrganizing

IE refers to bookmarks as IE refers to bookmarks as FavoritesFavorites


History ListHistory List History allows users to retrace their surfing stepsHistory allows users to retrace their surfing steps History can be:History can be:

Short termShort term Long termLong term

Short tem history is related to Memory cacheShort tem history is related to Memory cache Long term history is related to Disk cacheLong term history is related to Disk cache CRTL + HCRTL + H keyboard shortcut usually displays keyboard shortcut usually displays

browser history listbrowser history list Some browsers also have separate Some browsers also have separate History History buttonbutton


CustomizationCustomization Browsers are customizableBrowsers are customizable by users to fit their by users to fit their

specification and stylespecification and style The user can customize:The user can customize:

Default optionsDefault options Default web pageDefault web page FontsFonts ColorsColors ToolbarsToolbars Display of imagesDisplay of images Java and JavascriptJava and Javascript Style sheetsStyle sheets Cookies optionsCookies options Configure mail and news groups serverConfigure mail and news groups server Change the size of cacheChange the size of cache


SecuritySecurity Security is importantSecurity is important to prevent unauthorized access to the to prevent unauthorized access to the

information passed between clients and serversinformation passed between clients and servers Security over the internet is ensured by using Security over the internet is ensured by using encryptionencryption and and

decryptiondecryption techniques techniques Encryption and decryption technology is implemented by using Encryption and decryption technology is implemented by using

Secure Sockets Layer (SSL)Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) developed by Netscape developed by Netscape SSL is a communication protocol and uses the HTTPS protocolSSL is a communication protocol and uses the HTTPS protocol Encryption systems incorporate:Encryption systems incorporate:

Public and Private KeyPublic and Private Key Digital CertificateDigital Certificate


Wireless BrowsingWireless Browsing Wireless browsing is the browsing activity on miniature screens of Wireless browsing is the browsing activity on miniature screens of

small electronic devicessmall electronic devices Some examples of devices where wireless browsing is incorporated Some examples of devices where wireless browsing is incorporated

are:are: Pocket PCsPocket PCs Hand-held PCsHand-held PCs Cell phonesCell phones PDAsPDAs

Wireless browsing can be Wireless browsing can be online or offlineonline or offline Offline wireless browsing is called Offline wireless browsing is called syncsync for short, in which web for short, in which web

pages are downloaded on the device for viewing them laterpages are downloaded on the device for viewing them later Wireless browsing is different for reason such as screen size and Wireless browsing is different for reason such as screen size and

disk space and have special browsersdisk space and have special browsers


Wireless BrowsingWireless Browsing


SummarySummary• A A web browserweb browser provides provides access to a web pageaccess to a web page• Browsers enable internet users to Browsers enable internet users to perform useful tasksperform useful tasks• Internet ExplorerInternet Explorer and and Netscape CommunicatorNetscape Communicator are two are two

major browsersmajor browsers• A browser window has a A browser window has a generic structuregeneric structure• Menus and ToolbarsMenus and Toolbars in any browser allow the user to in any browser allow the user to

change settings and perform browser taskschange settings and perform browser tasks• Browser Browser cache speeds up the displaycache speeds up the display of re-visited web pages of re-visited web pages• Plug-insPlug-ins run within the browser run within the browser• Browsers can be Browsers can be customizedcustomized to suit the user style to suit the user style• Security Security is a major issue with internet communicationsis a major issue with internet communications• Wireless browsing is differentWireless browsing is different from desktop browsing from desktop browsing

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