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created by :Gaurav Shrivastava contact:-gaurav9915969367@ymail.com 1
Generally Intel has been the dominant producer of microprocessor chips
AMD has proven to be a fierce competitor Competition stimulated the industry by
producing new and innovative microprocessors
In the mid nineties Intel begins to face true competition
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1980’s-Intel was the only true producer of marketable computer chips
1982-introduce 80286 286 was able to run software of its prior
microprocessor
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Within 6 years, 15 million 286’s are
installed around the world
Intel contracts third party companies to
produce 286’s and variants
AMD was one of these third party
companies
AMD became very efficient and capable
of being its own producer of
microprocessorscreated by :Gaurav Shrivastava contact:-
gaurav9915969367@ymail.com 4
1985, Intel releases its 32-bit 386 microprocessor. Faster and capable of multitasking AMD, under licensed production, produces 386
chips allowing Intel to meet market demands
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During the reign of the 386, AMD decides to produce its own CPU.
1987-AMD began legal arbitration over rights to produce their own chips.
After 5 years of battle, the courts sided with AMD.
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1989-Intel releases its 486DX. Allowed point and clicking Initially twice as fast as its predecessor. Intel continued to upgrade to speeds
reaching 66MHz.
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1991-AMD released Am386 Intel’s 486 released two years prior AMD believed there still existed a
market By October, AMD sold one million units
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1993-AMD releases first competing chip: Am486
1994-AMD improves chip with Am486DX Am486DX processes up to 100MHz
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1993, Intel realizes it cannot trademark numbers “x86.”
This allows AMD the ability to essentially clone Intel’s chips
Intel’s solution: dubs its new chip the Pentium instead of releasing it as the “586”
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Handles and processes more media types
such as speech, sound , and photographic
images.
It Offered multiple processing speeds up
to 200MHz.
It became well entrenched in the market
During this time, Intel truly dominated
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1995- AMD’s first attempt to compete with the Pentium by introducing Am5x86
It was really for those who wanted to upgrade their 486 motherboards without making a jump to the Pentium motherboard
AMD did not fare well with this chip
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1996-K5 introduced
First chip comparable to the Pentium
Could be placed in the same motherboard as
the Pentium, making it compatible
Because it was released 3 years after the
Pentium, it was met with cool reception
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In the previous year, Intel released the Pentium Pro
Able to handle more instructions per clock cycle
Intel’s ability to get a new chip on the market before AMD has had the effect of overshadowing any of AMD’s microprocessors
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1996-AMD purchases the company NexGen who were making a microprocessor of their own
AMD uses their core 686 processor to develop the AMD K6
Additionally, they slap on Intel’s MMX code making it compatible with Pentiums.
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K6 was released in 1997 and reached
speeds of 166Mhz to 200Mhz
K6 was significantly cheaper than the
Pentium
K6 was able to move up to speeds as
high as 300MHz, out performing the
Pentiums
Intel was ready for the challenge
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Later than year, Intel unveils the Pentium II
It was equipped with MMX instructions,
ready to handle video, audio, and graphics
data
Better capable of handling video editing,
sending media via the Internet, and
reprocessing music
By 1998, the Pentium began to climb in
processing speeds up to 450 MHz.
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K6 was doing well as a cost effective alternative to the Pentium II, although it was an inferior chip
In response, in 1998, Intel introduced its own cheaper and inferiror microprocessor: the Celeron
It was a stripped down version of the Pentium II
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AMD fights back with an enhanced K6 to take on
the Pentium II: the K6-2
Their K6 chip included what they called “3DNow”
technology
3DNow is an additional twenty-two instructions to
better handle audio, video, and graphic intensive
programs
AMD then releases K6-3 and proves to be a threat
to Intelcreated by :Gaurav Shrivastava contact:-gaurav9915969367@ymail.com 19
1999-Intel responds by coming out with the Pentium III
It had an additional 70 instructions, improving its ability to process advanced imaging, streaming audio, video, & speech recognition programs
One goal of the Pentium III was to enhance the Internet experience
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The Athlon was a new chip from the ground up It was capable of doing everything the Pentium
III could do, but was much cheaper The Athlon was beating out the Pentium III
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In 2000, Intel decides to launch a two pronged
attack against AMD
First, Intel fights for low-end market by
introducing the Celeron II
It ranges in speed between 500 and 1100MHz.
It was a stripped down processor with enhanced
speed
It was fairly cheap, making it competitive
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Intel also introduces the Pentium IV
It uses four main new technologies: Hyper Pipelined
Technology, Rapid Execution Engine, Execution
Trace Cache and a 400 MHz system bus
Its major improvement was increased speed, initially
starting at 1.5Ghz with ability for expansion
Today it’s reaching upwards to a remarkable 3GHz
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The Pentium IV can now produce high quality video
stream radio and TV quality information across the internet
Render upscale graphics in real-time Perform several applications simultaneously
while connected to the Internet
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As result of Intel’s attack on AMD, Intel is once again dominating the market
AMD’s response to the Celeron II was the Duron, released the same year (2000)
It is a geared down version of the Athlon, but edges out the Celeron
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The Athlon chip was destroying the Pentium III,
but now is destined for the graveyard
In response to the Pentium IV, AMD enhanced
the Athlon by coming out with the XP series.
Test show that an Athlon XP running 1.4GHz
performs nearly as well as a Pentium of 2Ghz
The Athlon XP is a quality chip, but is fading
away under the onslaught of the heavy
performance of the Pentium IVcreated by :Gaurav Shrivastava contact:-
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Intel now holds edge over AMD in chip technology
Rumored that AMD is developing a powerhouse chip called the ClawHammer
It is apparently in a testing stage
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Our goal has been to understand the history and details of the competition and their processors between Intel and Amd
Also of importance are Chipsets Knowing some information on
chipsets helps determine an appropriate opinion on Intel & AMD
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A chipset is a group of integrated circuits, sold as one unit, designed to perform one or more related functions
We are focused on chipsets that provide functionality for the CPU
We compared chipsets from both AMD and Intel as well as an outside manufacturer, who makes chipsets for both, VIA.
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Chipset
Most advanced chipset for the AMD CPU Consists of the VT8235 Southbridge and
the VT8377 Northbridge.
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Front Side Bus (FSB) up to 333Mhz Support for PC 3200 DDR Ram memory
@ 400 Mhz North-South Bridge Link @ 533 Mhz 5 available PCI slots
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Lightening fast memory access: 2.7 Gb/s
AGP @ 8X offers 2.1 Gb/s dedicated speed to 3D graphics
Fast 333 Mhz FSB
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533 Mhz 8X V-link interface between North and South bridge
USB 2.0 ATA133 6 Channel Audio
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Gigabyte 7VAXP Abit AT7 MAX2 ASUS A7V8X MSI KT4 Ultra Soyo KT400 Ultra Dragon
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Using Soyo’s KT400 Ultra Dragon Motherboard
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Higher number better
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Consists of the AMD-762 system controller (northbridge) and the AMD-768 peripheral bus controller (southbridge).
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AMD 760 MPX Chipset (Dual Processor)
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Front Side Bus (FSB) up to 266 Mhz per processor (533Mhz)
Support for PC 2100 DDR Ram memory @ 266 Mhz
North-South Bridge Link @ 66 Mhz Up to 7 available PCI slots
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Two 266 MHz point-to-point AMD system buses
PC 2100 DDR Ram memory @ 266 Mhz
AGP 4X video card support
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Host PCI bus utilizing a 66MHz/64-bit interface. Secondary 33MHz/32-bit PCI bus interface, including PCI bus arbiter with support for up to eight external devices
UDMA 33/66/100 compatible EIDE bus master controller
SMBus controller with one SMBus port
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Through the AIPC bus, the Processors have direct access to the south bridge
Through the SMBus, the memory has the direct access to the south bridge
Disadvantage of direct access can be potential data conflict
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Designed for Xeon Processor
2 Main Chips
MCH Memory Controller HubControls the high speed bus
ICH2 I/O controller Hub Controls the peripheral devices
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Memory
64 Bit PCI connection
Graphics Accelerators
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RDRAM Up to 64 devices supported by the
Paired mode Single Channel-pair Mode
Utilizes memory modules ( 4 Gigabytes) Multiple Channel- pair mode
Utilizes MRH-R to control the expanded capabilities ( 16 Gigabytes of RAM)
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400 MHz connection to the P64H chipAllows for a fast connection to a high speed,
PCI device
High data transfer rate
High Speed
A pair are bundled in the chipset
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MCH connects to AGP 4X
Connection speed of 1 GB/s
High performance Accelerators supported
Does not Support 8X Accelerators
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32 Bit PCI Bus LAN Controller I/O module
Keyboard, Mouse, Floppy disk drive, etc ATA / 100 (IDE standard for Hard Drive) 4 USB Ports
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Feature Benefit
Supports two Intel Xeon Processors with NetBurst Microarchitecture and hyper-Threading teconlogy
512 KB L2 chacke for dual-processing server platforms
400 MHz System Bus Capability Balances the system bus band withd with the memory
Intel Hub Architecture with option P64H Dual 64-bit 66 MHz I/O segments for fast drive access and high speed networks
AGP 4X 1 GB/s of Graphics bandwidth allows high performance Graphics
MRH-R (RDRAM Based repeater Hub) Extends RDRAM memory capacities and increasesSystem scalability
Dual RDRAM channels Maximum memory performance(3.2 GB/s or 400MHz)
Prefetch Cache System concurrency so that simultaneous process do not impact system performance
Dual USB Controllers Enhanced plug and play with four full band widthUSB ports
Note source (Intel 860 Chipset)
Highly Structured
Powered by up to 7 chips
High performance
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Designed for the Pentium 4 processor
3 Segments in the Bus
North Bridge High speed bus
South Bridge peripheral devices
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System Bus400 MHz
Main memoryConnection at 266 MHz
Bottleneck
Accelerated Graphics Controller AGP4X AGP support
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Controls 32 bit PCI Bus (33 MHz)
Supports up to 6 USB devices(2.0 Standard)
Hard Drive IDE (ATA 33 / 66 / 100 )
LAN controller VT6103
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Several chips availableVT8233 VT8233C VT8233A
Each with a unique function
Price drops
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Supports Intel Pentium 4 Processor
400MHz (Quad 100) FSB setting
AGP4X graphics
Supports DDR200/266 SDRAM as well as PC100/133 SDRAM
Ultra fast 266MB per second V-Link between North and South Bridge
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AC'97 and MC'97 Audio/Modem
Integrated 3Com 10/100Mb Ethernet Media Access Controller
Support for 2 ATA 33/66/100 interfaces
6 USB ports, UHCI compliant
Advanced power management capabilities
Note Source: (Via P4X266)
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Highly structured
Unique features LAN, sound, modem integrated
4 GB of Ram
Promises to utilize Intel’s Quad bus pumping technology
Price conscientious
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After serious consideration to: Chip performance Reliability Some research $50 from Intel’s PR
We conclude that the
860 chipset is the best chipset within this Presentation
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