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00
July 1, 2017
Ko SAKATA
Director
The Institute of Applied Energy
sakata@iae.or.jp
http://www.iae.or.jp
Symposium:
"Hydrogen, Carbon-Free-Fuel,
Democratizing the Energy”
(Movenpick Hotel, Karachi)
Contribution of CO2-free
Hydrogen System toward
Low Carbon Society
11
About The Institute of Applied Energy
Nuclear Power
Generation
New and Renewable
Energy and Electric
Power System
Global
Environment
Fossil FuelsNuclear Energy
Energy technologies
support
3E + S
Energy security
Economic efficiency
Environment
Safety
Technology is the “Key” for the future Energy
Non Profit foundation
Foundation
April 1st in 1978
Location
Tokyo, Japan
Employees
ca.100
Scale of operation
20 million USD(as of FY2015)
Supporting Corporates
ca.90
22
Contents
1. Japan’s policies on COP21/The Paris Agreement, and their
Impacts on H2 System
2. Three points of view on H2 Systems
3. Characteristics of H2 and H2 Systems
4. Contribution of H2 toward Sustainable Society
5. Prospect of Market Size of CO2-free H2
6. Contribution of H2 to Introduction of Domestic Renewable
Energy and Distributed Energy
7. H2 and FC Programs in Japan
8. Future Challenges
33
Domestic Measures on Global Warming after COP21
Based on The Paris Agreement, Japanese government compiled “The Global
Warming Prevention Measures Plan” by Global Warming Prevention
Headquarters.
Simultaneously, the government compiled “Energy & Environment Strategy
for Technological Innovation” and “Innovative Energy Strategy” specifying the
hopeful innovative technologies .
1. The Global Warming
Prevention Measures
Plan
(Prime Minister’s Office)
2. Energy & Environment
Strategy for
Technological Innovation
(Cabinet Office, CAO)
3. Innovative Energy
Strategy
(Ministry of Economy,
Trade and Industry,
METI) .
44
“Based on the Paris Agreement, we have formulated a
global warming prevention measures plan, paving the way
to achieve our goal to reduce global greenhouse gas
emissions 26% by 2030.
Within a fair and effective international framework, in which
all major countries participate, we will lead international
society so that each major country reduces its emissions in
accordance with its ability, and we have indicated our
direction of aiming to achieve the long-term goal of
reducing global greenhouse gas emissions 80% by 2050,
while both implementing global warming prevention
measures and sustaining economic growth.http://japan.kantei.go.jp/97_abe/actions/201603/15article1.html
Action 1 (Prime Mister’s Office):
The Global Warming Prevention Measures Plan
66
Key points of the strategy1.Thorough energy efficiency and conservation
• Expanding the scope of targets of the Energy Efficiency Benchmark Program to all industries
• Enhancing the introduction of energy efficiency and conservation efforts into the fields of SMEs
(Small and Medium-sized Enterprises), house and transportation
2.Expanding the introduction of renewable energy-Ensuring compatibility between maximum
introduction and expansion, and inhabitation of public burden
3.Establishing new energy systems• Simultaneously encouraging new entrants to the field of electricity and reducing carbon dioxide
emissions
• Starting up an integrated energy system of renewable energy and energy efficiency and
conservation are integrated
• Establishing an energy system of local production for local consumption
New development of the energy efforts through Innovative Energy
Strategy1.Paradigm shift of the energy efficiency and conservation policies
2.Creating low-carbon power-source market and reestablishing renewable energy industries
3.Innovation of energy industries utilizing IoT
4.Establishing a strategy for creating hydrogen society
toward the post-2030 era5.Realization of the Fukushima plan for a new energy society
http://www.meti.go.jp/english/press/2016/0419_02.html
Action 3 (METI): Innovative Energy Strategy
77
Hydrogen energy system has drawn the
attention as one of the technologies for
mitigation of Global Warming.
Hydrogen transits from the fuel for fuel
cell vehicles(FCV) to major energy.
Impacts of the Paris Agreement on
Hydrogen Systems
88
Contents
1. Japan’s policies on COP21/The Paris Agreement, and their
Impacts on H2 System
2. Three points of view on H2 Systems
3. Characteristics of H2 and H2 Systems
4. Contribution of H2 toward Sustainable Society
5. Prospect of Market Size of CO2-free H2
6. Contribution of H2 to Introduction of Domestic Renewable
Energy and Distributed Energy
7. H2 and FC Programs in Japan
8. Future Challenges
99
1. Plural booms of H2 Energy Research in the past resulted in calming-down
⇒ current H2 upsurge : global warming, technological progress in FC and H2,
participation of major corporates aiming at commercialization
2. Dissemination of an energy systems is strongly dependent on external factors
eg. Global Warming, Resource of Fossil Fuel, Geopolitics, Competing Energy Systems
⇒Hypothesis: energy systems, that give solution to current important issues,
become dominant
Examples important issue:1. Global level : Sustainability2. National level : Energy security
Global warmingAir pollution
3. Note that various energy systems
have potential to solve the important issues
⇒ discussion based on “only H2” has vulnerability
View Point on H2 Energy System-1Energy Shift
Future dominant
Energy
Current
dominant
energy
Energy expected to solve
important issues
H2
?
H2
?
energy
1010
●Hypothesis:
Energy systems that give solution to
current important issues become dominant.
●Hypothesis corroboration
Are there examples of energy shift in
order to solve the important issue?
1111
Large-scale dissemination of LNG
in Japan (Mitsubishi Corporation)
Accute
Issue
Importan
t issue
Introduction of LNG to Japan
Background
Environmental
Problem
Energy
Security
Air Pollution (SOx) in
Japan
City Gas Companies
and Power Companies
had difficulty to cope
with it.
Mitubishi
The case of Alaska LNG Project
Power
Company
City Gas
Company
Upstream
LNG
Excessive
dependence on oil
from Middle East
1212
Large-scale dissemination of LNG in
Japan (Mitsubishi Corporation)
CIF of crude oil and LNG (¥/MMBTU)
LNG
Crude Oil
Government’ supports
CIF of LNG was initially 1.7 times more expensive than crude oil on the combustion heat basis. With
the supports of the government and the boost of oil prices resulted from Oil Crisis, LNG became
competitive.
Oil Crisis
Tax Incentives
Subsidy
Loan Assistance
1 PKR = ca. 1 JPY
1313
View Point on H2 Energy System-2Difference resulted from Scale of CO2-free H2 Systems
System H2 Supply Chain DeploymentArea
Source of H2 Main Application / Merit
LargeScale
Production overseas
Consumptionin Japan
Country Renewable Unutilized
resource
H2 fired power generation / Compliance to The Paris Agreement
MiddleScale
Production in Japan
Consumptionin Japan
Prefecture Renewable FCV, Distributed Energy /Corporate business, Activation of regional economy
Small Scale
Production in the area
Consumption in the area
Island Renewable Areal electricity /Less expensive power
Merit of introduction of CO2-free H2 strongly depends on the System
Size.
Business model also depends on the system size.
・
1414
View Point on H2 Energy System-3CO2-free H2 supply chain needs wide variety of technologies
出典:エネルギー総合工研究所
Resource
(overseas)Transformation
(overseas)
Utilization
(domestic)Marine transport Storage Transport
1515
Contents
1. Japan’s policies on COP21/The Paris Agreement, and their
Impacts on H2 System
2. Three points of view on H2 Systems
3. Characteristics of H2 and H2 Systems
4. Contribution of H2 toward Sustainable Society
5. Prospect of Market Size of CO2-free H2
6. Contribution of H2 to Introduction of Domestic Renewable
Energy and Distributed Energy
7. H2 and FC Programs in Japan
8. Future Challenges
1616
H2
H2
Fossil
Fuels
Wastes
Steam
Reforming
Gassfication
Compressed gasLiquefied H2
Metal Hydride
Chemical media
Electric
Power
Gener
ation
Photo
dessciation
Microbial
Compressed
gas
Liquefied H2
Metal Hydride
Chemical
media
Electric Power
Motive Power
Heat
・Fuel Cells
・H2 Engines
・H2 Turbines
・Direct
combustion
H2H2
H2
H2 Production Transportation
& Storage
Utilization
Solar
Wind
Hydraulic
Geothermal
Marine
Biomass
Nuclear
ElectricityHeat
Electo-
rysis
Source
Mark 1 : Producible from various primary energy
Mark 2 : Transformation possible with electricity
Mark 3 : strorage possible
Mark 4 : No CO2 formation when used
H2 Energy System
H2
1717
(1)Fuel for Fuel Cells
→electric power generation
(2)Combustion Fuel
→electric power generation
Gas turbines
H2 fired power stationStationary Fuel
Cells
Fuel Cell Vehicle(FCV)
Large-Scale Utilization of H2
(3)Chemicals
1818
Contents
1. Japan’s policies on COP21/The Paris Agreement, and their
Impacts on H2 System
2. Three points of view on H2 Systems
3. Characteristics of H2 and H2 Systems
4. Contribution of H2 toward Sustainable Society
5. Prospect of Market Size of CO2-free H2
6. Contribution of H2 to Introduction of Domestic Renewable
Energy and Distributed Energy
7. H2 and FC Programs in Japan
8. Future Challenges
1919
Messages of IEA
Year
Ene
rgy c
on
sum
ption
(M
toe
)
Source: IEEJ, Asia/World Energy Outlook 2013
Accordingly, global energy
consumption will increase, with
fossil fuels being dominantGlobal population and GDP are
prospected to increase continuously
Oil
Coal NG
Renewable
Nuclear
hydro
Business-as-Usual scenario: clearly unsustainable
Low carbon policies : enhance energy security and economic
development
Global
GDP
2000 2020 2040 2060 2080 2100 2000 2020 2040 2060 2080 2100
Billion
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
Global
Population
Trillion US$/y
0
100
200
300
400
500
2020
Introduction of the Large-Scale Low-Carbon
Energy System
UnsustainabilityGlobal warming, and issues related to fossil fuels
One of the solutions
the proposal of IEA :
Realization of Low-Carbon Society
<Japan>
1.Promotion of renewable energy, and
fossil fuel/CCS
→most economical sites are overseas
2. Promotion of domestic renewable
energy
→instability of power grid
3.Uncertainty of Nuclear Power
Countermeasures in Japan
using H2 system
1. H2 as the long-range carrier
of CO2-free energy
2. H2 as the buffer to variable
electricity from renewable
energy
■Primary energy
①Nuclear
②Fossil +CCS
③Renewable
■Secondary energy
①Hydrogen
②Electricity
Ultimate energy system
2121
1.Low-carbon energy from Fossil fuel +CCS:
Accessibility to CCS sites is criticaleg) - Victoria (Australia) , brown coal + CCS(Carbon Net)
- Middle East, associated gas + EOR/CCS
2.Renewable energy: sites are criticaleg.) - Photovoltaics of Australia
- Windfarms of Patagonia, Argentina
Renewable energy: usually obtained as electricity
Challenge: Inter-continental transport of large-scale electricity
(A peculiar problem of Japan surrounded by sea)
Candidate technologies:
・electric energy: via submarine transmission line
・chemical energy: via hydrogen produced by renewable electricity
海外
日本水素・他媒体
水素・他媒体
海外
日本水素・他媒体
水素・他媒体
Large-Scale Low-Carbon Energy is more
economically available overseas
2222
Comparison of candidate technologies
Electricity vs. H2
1. Target year 2030
2. Capability of the designed system The unit capacity :1GW ( as net output in Japan) The electricity cost of renewable energy sites : 2 cents/kWh.
3. Technologies Electricity: DC, normal conducting cables, 250kV Hydrogen: produced by water electrolysis using renewable electricity Liquefied hydrogen: liquefaction of H2 gas below 20K Methylcyclohexane(MCH)-toluene system
H2Prod-
uction
LiquefierStorage
overseas
Marine
TransportStorage
JapanPower
Plant
Transform, Converter
overseasSubmarine Cable
Transform, Inverter
Japan
Renewable
Energy
(Electricity)
Storage
overseasMarine
TransportDehydro-
genation
Storage
Japan
Liquefied Hydrogen
Electricity: DC, 250kV
Domestic
Demand
Electrical
Substation
Hydrogen-
ation
Methylcyclohexane (MCH) /toluene
Electrical
Substation
H2
2323
0.00
5.00
10.00
15.00
20.00
25.00
30.00
35.00
40.00
45.00
50.00
0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000
距離(km)
発電コスト(円
/kWh)
電力(常電導) 液体水素 有機ハイドライド
上海
ボルネオ島
カリフォルニア
アラビア半島
パタゴニア
再生可能エネルギー電力コストも含む
Electricity L-H2 MCH
California
Patagonia
Arabian
PeninsulaBorneo
Shanghai
Costof ele
ctr
icity
(cent/kW
h)
Transport Distance (km)
Electricity
L-H2
MCH
Results of Economy of Transport
Distance< ca. 4000km electricity is cheaper, distance> ca.4000km H2 ic cheaper
H2 is economically preferable for Inter-continental transport
Comparison of candidate technologiesElectricity vs. Hydrogen
2424
Studies cited above shows:
1. technological and economical feasibility of transportation of CO2-free H2
produced overseas to Japan
2. it does not necessarily imply that CO2-free H2 will be utilized in large-scale
as the major energy in Japan
In this connection, the expected market size of CO2-free H2 is estimated.
?
Future dominat
Energy
Current
dominant
energy
Energy expected to solve
important issues
H2
?
H2
energy
?
2525
Contents
1. Japan’s policies on COP21/The Paris Agreement, and their
Impacts on H2 System
2. Three points of view on H2 Systems
3. Characteristics of H2 and H2 Systems
4. Contribution of H2 toward Sustainable Society
5. Prospect of Market Size of CO2-free H2
6. Contribution of H2 to Introduction of Domestic Renewable
Energy and Distributed Energy
7. H2 and FC Programs in Japan
8. Future Challenges
2626
Prospect of CO2-free H2 MarketModeling Framework
• The GRAPE model is an integrated assessment model to evaluate interaction among energy, economics, climate, land-use and influence of climate change.
• The energy module of the model were used in this study.
1: カナダ 2: USA 3: 西欧 4: 日本 5: オセアニア
6: 中国 7: その他アジア 8: インド 9: 中東・北アフリカ 10:サハラ以南アフリカ
11: ブラジル 12: その他ラテンアメリカ 13: 中欧 14: 東欧 15: ロシア
1: Canada 2: USA 3: Western Europe 4: Japan
5: Oceania 6: China 7: Other Asia 8: India
9: Middle East and North Africa 10: Sub-Sahara Africa 11: Brazil 12: Other Latin America
13: Middle Europe 14: East Europe 15: Russia
Energy demand• Population
• GDP etc.
Paths and technology
options
Determine the energy
demand supply structure• Minimize energy system cost
• Satisfy constraints
Output• regional energy demand supply
structures
• Energy consumption
• CO2 emission etc.
Procedure of calculation
2727
Assumptions adopted in the present model study
1) CO2 emission in 2050 :Global -50%, Japan -80%
2) Nuclear Power Generation in Japan : no new construction, life 40years
3) CCS in Japan : 0.2 billion ton-CO2/year in 2050
cf. 1.2 billion ton-CO2/year emitted in 2015 in Japan)
Energy Flow and Assumptions
Natural Gas
Crude Oil
High Rank Coal
Low Rank Coal
Biomass
Photovoltaic
Nuclear
Hydro・Geothermal
Wind
Natural Gas PowerGeneneration
High Rank CoalPower Generation
Coal CombinedPower Generation
Low Rank CoalPower Generation
H2 Production
Oil PowerGeneration
Oil Refining
Gasoline
Light Oil・Kerosene
LPG・Naphtha
Biomass Power Generation(mix with coal)
Large H2 Power Generation
LWR PowerGeneration
FBR PowerGeneration
Hydro・GeothermalPower Generation
PV PowerGeneration
Wind PowerGeneration
Wind Power Generation.(Electrolysis)
Electricity
H2 Gas Engine
H2 Gas Turbine
FC (Hydrogen)
Stationary
Transportation
FC (Natural Gas)
FC(Light Oil・Kerosene)
FC (Heavy Oil)
Heat Pump
BioEthanol Production
BioDiesel Fuel Production
Hydrogen
BioDiesel Fuel
BioEthanol
LDV(ICE,PHEV,EV,FCV)Bus、Truck、Airplane、Ship、Railroad
Import・Export
Heavy Oil
2828
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
3,500
2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050
運輸用エネルギー消費量・燃料別(世界計)
電力
水素
高品位炭
天然ガス
バイオ燃料
重油
LPG
軽油
ガソリン
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050
(
Mill
ion
Veh
icle
s
乗用車保有台数(世界計)
FCV
EV
PHEV
ICE
日本
Results of Model Study
Power Sector Transportation Sector
日本
World
World
石炭 CCS付IGCC
0
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050
(TW
h)
発電電力量内訳(日本)水素コジェネ
太陽光
風力
バイオマス
水力
軽水炉
水素(大規模)
天然ガス +CCS
天然ガス
石油 +CCS
石油
IGCC+CCS
IGCC
石炭(高) +CCS
石炭(高)
Japan
Coal
NG
CCS/IGCC
CCS/NG
軽水炉
SolarWindHydro
H2 Fired
H2 CHPBiomass
ICE
PHEV
EV
FCV
Gasoline
Diesel Gas Oil
Heavy OilH2
Electricity
0
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050
(TW
h)
発電電力量内訳(世界計)水素コジェネ
太陽光
風力
バイオマス
水力
軽水炉
水素(大規模)
天然ガス+CCS
天然ガス
石油+CCS
石油
IGCC+CCS
IGCC
石炭(低)+CCS
石炭(低)
石炭(高)+CCS
石炭(高)
NuclearNG
Coal IGCC/CCS
Hydro
Wind
World Generated Electricity
Generated Electricity
Generated ElectricityLight Duty Vehicles
Fuesl for Transportation Sector
2929
Results: Hydrogen demand
World
• The global hydrogen demand in 2050 is 972 Mtoe (3.8 trillion Nm3)
• A majority of hydrogen is used in transport sectors.
• In 2050, USA, China, Western Europe and India area (including Pakistan) account for
approximately 80% of the global hydrogen demand.
Japan
• The hydrogen demand in 2050 is 53 Mtoe (0.22 trillion Nm3).
• A majority of hydrogen is used in the power sector.
0
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050
(Mto
e)
Hydrogen demand(World)
Transportation
Stationary H2
GE CHP
Stationary
direct use
Power
generation
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050
(Mto
e)
Hydrogen demand(Japan)
Transportation
Power
generation
3030
Total primary energy supply (Japan)
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050
(Mto
e)
Total primary energy supply (Japan)
Imported hydrogen
Solar
Wind
Biomass
Hydro
Nuclear
Natural gas
Oil
Coal
Nuclear
Natural gas
Coal
Hydrogen
Oil
Solar PV
The share of hydrogen in the total primary energy supply in Japan is 13% in
2050.
Hydrogen has the potential for a major energy resource under severe CO2 constraints.
Note that the total primary energy supply decreases with population and improvement of
energy efficiency.
3131
The model study shows:
Under specific set of assumption, H2 is widely utilized
in the world as well as in Japan. (H2-2)
Future dominat
Energy
Current
dominant
energy
Energy expected to solve
important issues
H2
-2
H2
-1
energy
3232
Contents
1. Japan’s policies on COP21/The Paris Agreement, and their
Impacts on H2 System
2. Three points of view on H2 Systems
3. Characteristics of H2 and H2 Systems
4. Contribution of H2 toward Sustainable Society
5. Prospect of Market Size of CO2-free H2
6. Contribution of H2 to Introduction of Domestic Renewable
Energy and Distributed Energy
7. H2 and FC Programs in Japan
8. Future Challenges
3333
・Introduction of Large quantity of
renewable energy will be required.
・H2 is the candidate
technology for
large scale storage of
electricity
distributed energy system
NEDO技術開発機構(東芝委託)、再生可能エネルギーの水素電力貯蔵・充放電システムに関する検討、2013.2
Example of Electricity Storage System
Power→H2(Storage)→Power
CO2-free H2 can support Introduction
of Renewable Energy
Renewable Energy
Power
variation
Buffering
By H2
Storage
Grid
Users
3434
Storage Technologies of Electricity
電力貯蔵技術の入出力容量・蓄電時間のマップ
NEDO技術開発機構(東芝委託)、再生可能エネルギーの水素電力貯蔵・充放電システムに関する検討、2013.2
H2
NaS Pumped Hydro
Lithium Ion Battery
Sto
rage T
ime
System Capacity
3535
IEA shows scenarios of introduction of electricity from renewable energy as
the measure against the global warming and energy security issues.
Introduction of large quantity of electricity from renewable energy is
considered to make issues caused by surplus electricity and abrupt variation
of power.
Research and demonstration on utilization of H2 as the buffer for the
variation is actively conducted overseas as well as in Japan.
RenewableEnergy
G. Gahleitner, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 38 (2013) pp. 2039-2061.
PowerGrid
Battery Electrolysis H2 Storage
FC / H2 Engine
HRS
Gas Pipeline Network
Methanation
Hydrocarbon, Alcohol
Power Grid
CHP
(Hythane)
Gas Pipeline Network
Topics on Electric Power Storage (Power-to-Gas)Storage of surplus electric power by H2
Inorganic Cmpds (NH3, Metal Hydrides)
Refinery
3636
Contents
1. Japan’s policies on COP21/The Paris Agreement, and their
Impacts on H2 System
2. Three points of view on H2 Systems
3. Characteristics of H2 and H2 Systems
4. Contribution of H2 toward Sustainable Society
5. Prospect of Market Size of CO2-free H2
6. Contribution of H2 to Introduction of Domestic Renewable
Energy and Distributed Energy
7. H2 and FC Programs in Japan
8. Future Challenges
3737
Revised Strategic Roadmap for H2 & FC
Source: METI
Step by step approach to realize Hydrogen Society
METI on March 23, 2016
3939
Topics on FC
FC (Micro-CHP) for Residential Use: Ene-farm 1.4 million units (2020), 5.3 million units (2030)
Source: METI
FC for business and industry use aim at launching SOFC cogeneration type in 2017
Manufacturer
(model)
Denso Miura Fuji Electric Hitachi ZosenMHPS
Demonstration Business
ca. 1 kW
ca. 5 - 250 kW
4040
NEDO’s Activities: Hydrogen Supply Chain(NEDO: New Energy and Industry Development Organization, 100% run by METI fund)
Source: METI
Source: NEDO
Developing hydrogen demand
4141
NEDO’s Activities: Large-scale H2 Supply Chain
Source: NEDO
aiming at the establishment of the use of large-scale hydrogen energy
system on the basis of commerce in about 20306 years
40 billion yen
Furtherance
J-power
KHI, Iwatani
KHI
CHIYODA
OBAYASHI, KHI MHPS, MHI
Project1 Project2 Project3 Project4
Overseas Japan
LH2 MCH
EMS
CGS
Co-combustion Co-combustion
4242
NEDO’s Activities: Advanced R&D in H2 Production,
Transport and Storage
Developing advanced technologies of high efficiency water electrolysis units,
tanks for storing liquefied hydrogen, etc. with use of renewable energy sources
Low-cost hydrogen production1) Asahi Kasei, 2) Hitachi Zosen
High-efficiency hydrogen production1) Toshiba, 2) Exergy Power Systems
Liquefied hydrogen storageKawasaki Heavy Industry
Energy carrier system (CH4, NH3, MCH)1) Hitachi Zosen, 2) I’MSEP, 3) RITE
Scenario of hydrogen systemTokyo Institute of Technology, AIST, IAE
Production
Conversion,
Storage
Utilization
Supply
side
Demand
side
Hydrogen turbine combustion (H2: 100%)
1) MHPS/MHI, 2) KHI
Source: METI, NEDO
Sce
na
rio
4343
NEDO’s Activities: Power-to-Power, Power-to-Fuel
Source: NEDO
Enhancing Renewable Energy Potential with Hydrogen
4444
SIP’s Strategy of Energy Carriers (SIP: Strategic Innovation Promotion Program, managed by CAO)
Source: SIP
Ammonia
Developments of technologies related to carbon free hydrogen production, energy
carrier and utilizations of hydrogen and carriers
Demonstration of hydrogen society in 2020 Tokyo Olympics and Paralympics
4545
SIP’s 10 Subjects of R&D
Hydrogen-related
research subjects
Ammonia-related
research subjects
Organic hydrides-related research
subjects
Tokyo Institute
of Technology
Japan Atomic
Energy Agency
Kyoto Univ. Tohoku Univ.
JXJapan Ship
Technology
Research
Association
Yokohama National Univ.
Safety Assessment of Energy Carrier10
Source: SIP
Development of
H2 Engine
Technology
9
KHI
Development of Cargo
Loading/unloading System
for Liquid Hydrogen and
the Relevant Rules
for Operation
8
Development of
H2 Supplying
Technology Based on
Organic Hydride
7
Ammonia Direct
Combustion6
Ammonia FC 5
Basic Technology
for H2 Station
Utilizing AmmoniaHiroshima Univ.
4
Development of
Ammonia Synthesis
Process from
CO2- Free HydrogenJGC
3
High-Temperature
Solar Thermal
Energy Supply system
1
H2 Production
Technology Using
Solar Heat
2Production
Utilization
Carrier
transformation
Transportation
Storage
4646
SIP’s Development of Ammonia Synthesis
Process from CO2- Free Hydrogen
The pilot plant of electric
power will be constructed and
operated in 2018.
The investigation of cost and
efficiency in supply chain of
ammonia is also conducted
objectively.
Source: SIP
4747
Contents
1. Japan’s policies on COP21/The Paris Agreement, and their
Impacts on H2 System
2. Three points of view on H2 Systems
3. Characteristics of H2 and H2 Systems
4. Contribution of H2 toward Sustainable Society
5. Prospect of Market Size of CO2-free H2
6. Contribution of H2 to Introduction of Domestic Renewable
Energy and Distributed Energy
7. H2 and FC Programs in Japan
Some Examples of Products regarding H2 Energy System in
Japan
8. Future Challenges
4848
Fuel Cell Vehicles and H2 Refueling Stations
MIRAI (TOYOTA) CLARITY (HONDA)
6.7 million JPY - 2.25 million JPY(subsidy) 7.1 million JPY - 2.25 million JPY(subsidy)
H2 Refueling Stations (300Nm3/h)
More than 90 HRS in operation
400,000 FCV
in 2030 CAPEX 500 million JPY/HRS
4949
ENE-FARM (FC for Residential Use)
FC type:
-PEM FC
-SOFC
5.3 million units in
stock in 2030
Below 1.5 million JPY
- 0.15 million JPY(subsidy)
5050
H2ONE (TOSHIBA)
H2 Production rate Max. 1 Nm3/h
H2 Consumption rate Max. 2.5 Nm3/h
H2 Storage capacity Max. 33m3
(270Nm3, 0.8MPa)
Fuel Cell Output Max. 3.5kW
Electricity Stotage Max. 350kW
FC efficiency 95% (Electr 55%, Heat 40%)
ca. 200 million JPY/set ??
5151
Contents
1. Japan’s policies on COP21/The Paris Agreement, and their
Impacts on H2 System
2. Three points of view on H2 Systems
3. Characteristics of H2 and H2 Systems
4. Contribution of H2 toward Sustainable Society
5. Prospect of Market Size of CO2-free H2
6. Contribution of H2 to Introduction of Domestic Renewable
Energy and Distributed Energy
7. H2 and FC Programs in Japan
Some Examples of Products regarding H2 Energy System in
Japan
8. Future Challenges
5252
1. H2 production technology
Advanced utilization of electricity from renewable energy
1)Large-scale electrolysis
2)High and middle temperature electrolysis
3)PE electrolysis, alkaline electrolysis
2. H2 storage1)high performance H2 storage materials
2)Liquefied H2
3)Storage tanks for high pressure H2
3. Large-scale CO2-free H2 energy system1)Demonstration and optimization of H2 from overseas
4. Distributed Energy System
5.Long-term issues (aiming at further high efficiency)
1)H2 production by photocatalysts, photo-electric methods, ammonia synthesis by electrolysis
(6H2O+2N2→4NH3+3O2)2)Global transportation system
6. Application technology of H21)Fired power generation NG/H2 co-combustion turbine system
H2/Air combustion turbine
H2/O2 combustion turbine
2)Fuel Cells
Future Challenges
H2l/O2
Working fluid:
STM
H2/O2 combustion turbine
5353
電
Summary
1.H2 has possibility to contribute to construction of sustainable society
→under specific condition, large-scale dissemination is to realize
2.Introduction of CO2-free H2 is expected to induce innovation in supply chains
熱
電
3. Large-scale import of H2 and realization of distributed
energy system based on H2 is the key factors to
solve the issues of global warming and energy security.
⇒full scale study in terms of economy and safety is anticipated
4. Putting H2 system on the future technology portfolio, continuous R&D and
exploration of business model is important.
IEA, Technology Roadmap, Hydrogen and
Fuel Cells, 2015
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