connecting geologists to international development cspg environment division talk january 25, 2013...
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Connecting Geologists to International Development
CSPG Environment Division TalkJanuary 25, 2013
David BethuneUniversity of Calgary
http://larc.ucalgary.ca/david-bethune
Problem statement: Major efforts to provide improved water supply
in developing countries are thwarted and often fail because of the inability to find, develop and sustain groundwater resources.
What is hydrogeology?
Geological mapping
Drilling & instrumentation
Field measurements &
gw sampling
Lab analyses & interpretation
Hydrogeological expertise is the integrated knowledge of geology, groundwater flow, natural groundwater chemistry and contamination
towards the sustainable extraction of good quality groundwater resources within the constraints of the hydrologic cycle
How does hydrogeology fit into the ‘Water and Sanitation’ Sector?
Hydrogeology fits into most, if not all, of these core activities…..
• 50 % of potable water supplies
• 40 % of self-supplied industry
• 20 % of irrigated agriculture.
UNESCO (2003)
Worldwide Groundwater Use
• Drought or dry season resistant
• Close to the point of demand
• Excellent natural quality
• Can be developed incrementally
• Technology simple
• Naturally protected fromcontamination
Why Groundwater?
• often polluted near where we need them• usually fully or nearly-fully exploited• unreliable seasonally • highly impacted by storm events
The Problem with Surface Water
‘A spectacular increase in groundwater development for irrigation has taken place during the last half century in
most arid and semiarid countries: a kind of Silent Revolution, carried out mostly by the personal initiative of
millions of modest farmers in pursuit of the significant short-term benefits groundwater usually triggers.’
M.R. LlamasP. Martinez-SantosIntensive Groundwater Use: Silent Revolution and Potential Source of Social Conflicts
Groundwater and the “Silent Revolution”
Groundwater Use for Irrigation Country Irrigated
Area (M ha)
Irrigation Use
(km3/yr)
% GW
Bangladesh 3.8 13 69India 50 460 53Iran 7.3 64 50Pakistan 14 151 34Morocco 1.1 10 31Mexico 5.4 61 27Argentina 1.6 19 25China 48 408 18
UNESCO (2006) estimates that half the world’s megacities and hundreds of other major cities on all continents rely upon or make significant use of groundwater.
Reliance of Megacities on Groundwater
Groundwater for Potable Water Supply in Africa
Algeria: > 60%
Libya: 95%
Mauritania: 80%
Nigeria: > 90%
South Africa: 65%
Ghana: 80% Over 75% of improved village and small town (i.e. rural) water supplies in sub-Sahara Africa are supplied by groundwater.
Why the increase in groundwater pumpage?
The drilling rigMechanized pumping(Especially the submersible pump)
Groundwater Usage in Central America
Country/City Population(millions)
Groundwater Usage (%)
Belize 0.27 <50
Guatemala 12.6 >60
Guatemala City 2.2 90
Honduras 7.2 60-70
San Pedro Sula 0.90 60-70
El Salvador 6.9 >80
San Salvador 1.5 60
Nicaragua 5.5 95
Managua 1.3 100
Costa Rica 4.3 90
San Jose 1.0 64
Panama 3.2 50
Panama City 1.3 ND
TOTAL 40 70-90
Rural water well in Guatemala
Importance of Groundwater in Central America
2005: Initiated in Calgary by a small group of hydrogeologists
2007: Incorporated with Industry Canada
2010: Registered as a charity by the Canada Revenue Agency
2011: Board of Directors and Scientific Committee formed
HWB Background
Board of Directors (secretary: Dr. Cathryn Ryan)
Michael CampanaProfessor, Oregon State Univ.
John CherryAdj. Prof., U of Guelph
Bernadette ConantExec. Director, Canadian Water
NetworkGreg ShybaCEO, Cross Conservation
David BethuneCARA Director, University of Calgary
Catherine MainAlberta Innovates Technology Futures
Peter ThompsonDirector, Training & ConsultingCAWST.org
Scientific Committee
Dr. Ramon AravenaUniversity of WaterlooCanada
Dr. Stephen FosterU.K.
Dr. Ricardo HirataUniversity of SaoPaolo, Brazil
Dr. David KreamerUniversity of LasVegas
Dr. Antonio ChambelUniversity of AlgarvePortugal
Pending additional members from Africa and other regions
Mission
Hydrogeologists Without Borders builds capacity in
emerging regions to provide safe, sustainable water supplies
HWB is NOT another organization drilling community water wells
ratherHWB wants to FACILITATE and give ADDED VALUE to the water and sanitation sector
through CAPACITY BUILDING
Goal 1
Establish HWB as the “go-to portal” for practitioners on best practices for groundwater development & sustainability
Goal 2
Facilitate the creation of a growing pool of professional and technical hydrogeologists in regions of critical need.
Goal 3
Facilitate increased application of sound hydrogeological principles and practices in aid and development programs
Goal 4
Establish HWB as a valued partner and leader in international networks of organizations engaged in developing safe sustainable community water supplies
Student Fellowship• For hydrogeology graduate students studying
in programs in emerging regions • For thesis research expenses• Students submit application packages to HWB
Scientific Committee for selection
M.Osorio M. EduardoA. AmayaG. FloresC. Abrego
2012 Fellowships awarded to:
How you can get involved
Make a regular financial contribution to HWB via Canada Helps
Volunteer with HWB
How can your organization get involved?
• Directly support an Executive Director to take HWB ‘to the next level’
• Fund development of appropriate capacity building materials (e.g. wikipedia-type groundwater textbook)
• Sponsor (and mentor) an HWB student fellowship• Sponsor (and mentor) an HWB Chair at a partner
university
Thank-you for your attention!
Comments and thoughts welcome
info@hydrogeologistswithoutborders.org
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