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Computer Concepts - Illustrated Computer Concepts - Illustrated Introductory, Seventh EditionIntroductory, Seventh Edition
UNIT A:
Computer and Internet Basics
ObjectivesObjectives
Introduce digital technology
Define computers
Explore computer functions
Categorize computers
Examine personal computer systems
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
ObjectivesObjectives
Introduce software
Introduce the Internet and the Web
Understand email basics
Talking Points: Who Is Reading Your Email?
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Introducing Digital TechnologyIntroducing Digital Technology
Digital Technology – includes computers and the Internet Has changed our lives
• Entertainment, information, communication Allows people in societies around world
to• Use innovative products• Adjust to industries in transformation• Watch new markets emerge• Deal with complex issues which influence culture,
politics, and economics
ComputerConcepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Introducing Digital TechnologyIntroducing Digital Technology
Digital revolution Ongoing process of social, political, and
economic change Brought about by digital technology
Information society Owning, generating, and distributing
information becomes significant economically and socially
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Introducing Digital TechnologyIntroducing Digital Technology
Digital revolution impacts tools available to you Computers Portable media devices Cameras and camcorders Cell phones Radios and television GPS DVD and CD players Digital voice recorders
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Introducing Digital TechnologyIntroducing Digital Technology
Digital revolution began in 1940s and 1950s Transistors Integrated circuits – called computer
chips
Digital watches – 1972
Handheld electronic calculators - 1973
First successful mass-produced computer - Apple II in 1977
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Introducing Digital TechnologyIntroducing Digital Technology
Personal computers started slowly in marketplace Apple I (1976) and Apple II (1977) No compelling software
IBM introduced IBM PC - 1981 Brought PCs to consumer
Computer named Machine of the Year Time magazine - 1982
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Introducing Digital TechnologyIntroducing Digital Technology
Why do I need a computer? Create documents Analyze numbers Edit photos Create graphics Access information Communicate Network
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Introducing Digital TechnologyIntroducing Digital Technology
Digitization Process of converting text, numbers,
sound, photos, and video data into data that can be processed by digital devices
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Defining ComputersDefining Computers
Computer Electronic device that
• accepts input• processes data• stores data• produces output based on instructions in
stored programs
Personal Computer (PC) Computer system includes
• Hardware• Peripheral devices• Software
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Defining ComputersDefining Computers
Hardware Electronic and mechanical parts of computer
System unit Core hardware in computer system
Peripheral device Hardware added to computer system to
expand what computer can do
Software Computer program tells computer how to
perform particular tasks
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Defining ComputersDefining Computers
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Defining ComputersDefining Computers
Input device Used to input data into computer
• keyboard or mouse,
Output device Makes output visible and/or usable
• Monitor, printer, or speakers
Digital convergence Several technologies with distinct
functionalities evolve to form single product
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Exploring How Computers WorkExploring How Computers Work
User ID and password Assigned for security reasons Usually assigned by system
administrator
Computer program (program) Instructions tell computer how to carry
out processing tasks Running program = start program so it is
ready for use.
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Exploring How Computers WorkExploring How Computers Work
Input Anything put into computer
Processing Working with data Takes place in processor
CPU (Central Processing Unit) Main processor, or brain, of computer
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Exploring How Computers WorkExploring How Computers Work
Memory Temporarily holds data waiting to be
processed, stored, and output
Storage Holds data permanently Not immediately needed for processing
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Exploring How Computers WorkExploring How Computers Work
File Named collection of data on storage medium
• Hard disk, DVD, CD, flash drive
Filename Can give a clue to its contents Consists of two parts
• Name left of period• File extension right of period
File extension Period and letters following
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Exploring How Computers WorkExploring How Computers Work
Output Processed results produced by computer
• Reports, documents, music, graphs, pictures
Output device displays, prints, or transmits results of processing
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Exploring How Computers WorkExploring How Computers Work
Basic Computer Functions
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Categorizing ComputersCategorizing Computers
Computers are categorized by: How used Cost Size Processing capability
Helps purchasers make decisions
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Categorizing ComputersCategorizing Computers
Personal computers (PC)Personal computers (PC) Desktop computers, notebooks, tabletsDesktop computers, notebooks, tablets Designed to meet needs of individuals, Designed to meet needs of individuals,
schools, home users, small businessesschools, home users, small businesses Wide variety of softwareWide variety of software
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Categorizing ComputersCategorizing Computers
DesktopDesktop Fits on or under deskFits on or under desk Vertical case called TowerVertical case called Tower Easily upgradeableEasily upgradeable
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Categorizing ComputersCategorizing Computers
NotebookNotebook Move computer from place to placeMove computer from place to place Smaller than desktop, same computing Smaller than desktop, same computing
powerpower Generally cost more than desktopsGenerally cost more than desktops
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Categorizing ComputersCategorizing Computers
TabletTablet PortablePortable Touch sensitive screenTouch sensitive screen Write or drawWrite or draw Many applications involved handwritten Many applications involved handwritten
inputinput Used ‘on the go’Used ‘on the go’
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Categorizing ComputersCategorizing Computers
Ultra-mobileUltra-mobile Small tablet Small tablet Runs most software designed for larger Runs most software designed for larger
computerscomputers Many have camera, GPS, gamesMany have camera, GPS, games
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Categorizing ComputersCategorizing Computers
Handheld computer Essentially a personal digital assistant
(PDA) enhanced with features• Removable storage, email, Web access,
voice communication, camera, GPS
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Categorizing ComputersCategorizing Computers
Workstations Powerful desktop computers
• Designed for specialized tasks• Lots of processing speed• Medical imaging, full-motion video graphics,
design
Mainframe computer Large, expensive computer used to process
data from hundreds or thousands of users
Supercomputer One of fastest computers in world when built
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Categorizing ComputersCategorizing Computers
Form factor Refers to physical attributes and
intended use of component
Server Computer hardware or specific software,
or a combination, which serves other computers by supplying them with data
Almost any type of computer can be a server
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Examining Personal ComputersExamining Personal Computers
Computer system refers to a computer and its attached devices
PCs vary in size and design, but typically contain similar elements
System unit Case that holds power supply, storage
and circuit boards, including “motherboard”
Display device (monitor)Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Examining Personal ComputersExamining Personal Computers
Basic computer system parts System unit
• Case that holds power supply, storage and circuit boards, including “motherboard”
Display device (monitor) Keyboard and mouse – input devices
Storage devices• Hard disk, disk drives, USB flash drives• Data is read from and written to
storage devices
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Examining Personal ComputersExamining Personal Computers
Basic computer system parts (cont’d.) Speakers and sound cards Printer – output device Modem and network cards
• Establish Internet/network connection
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Examining Personal ComputersExamining Personal Computers
Computer network Two or more computers and other
devices connected for purpose of sharing data and programs
LAN (Local Area Network) Network located within limited
geographical area
Internet Largest network in world
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Introducing SoftwareIntroducing Software
Computers need software to operate
Application software help user carry out tasks Word processing, spreadsheets, etc.
Windows software designed for Windows operating system
Operating system software Master controller of all computer activities Classified as system software
• Helps computer monitor itself to function efficiently
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Introducing SoftwareIntroducing Software
Platform Underlying hardware and software of
computer system Defined by processor and OS
Most OSs use graphical user interface (GUI) Manipulated by mouse Icons, menus, buttons
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Introducing SoftwareIntroducing Software
Elements of a GUI
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Introducing SoftwareIntroducing Software
Sharing files depends on system compatibility
Windows and Mac platforms originally not compatible
Some application software created version for Windows and Mac
Can share files if both computers use same software
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Introducing the Internet and the WebIntroducing the Internet and the Web
Internet offers abundant resources Information Communication Commerce Entertainment
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Introducing the Internet and the WebIntroducing the Internet and the Web
Communication Email (electronic mail)
• One of most popular ways to communicate Chat groups
• Several people communicating in real time by typing comments to each other
Internet telephony• Allows voice conversations to travel over
Internet
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Introducing the Internet and the WebIntroducing the Internet and the Web
Instant Messaging (IM) Private version of chat
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Introducing the Internet and the WebIntroducing the Internet and the Web
Social networks MySpace, Facebook
• Used to stay in touch with friends, family, and other members of same social network
Blog Written personal journal posted on Web
with free access by general public
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Introducing the Internet and the WebIntroducing the Internet and the Web
The Web Collection of linked documents graphics,
and sound accessed over Internet
Web pages Part of Internet used most often Connected through use of hypertext or
links Can include text, photos, video, sound,
animation
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Introducing the Internet and the WebIntroducing the Internet and the Web
Browser Program that allows you to view Web
pages on computer
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Introducing the Internet and the WebIntroducing the Internet and the Web
Web site Web pages on related topic that are
grouped together
Home page Main page of Web site Acts as doorway to rest of site
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Introducing the Internet and the WebIntroducing the Internet and the Web
Finding information on Web Search engine
• Web site providing variety of tools to help find information
Keyword• Word or phrase to describe information you
are trying to find• Search engine will provide links to pages
that match keyword
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Uniform Resource Locator (URL) Unique address for Web page Indicates:
• computer on which page is stored• location on Web server• folder name or names in which it is stored• Filename and file extension
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) Communications standard used to
transfer information over Internet
Introducing the Internet and the WebIntroducing the Internet and the Web
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Understanding Email BasicsUnderstanding Email Basics
Email accounts available through email providers Universities, Gmail, EarthLink
Accounts include storage area called mailbox
Email address
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Understanding Email BasicsUnderstanding Email Basics
In order to send and receive email Computer must be hooked up to
Internet Must have email software installed
Email message parts Message header
• Address of receiver(s), message subtext, names of any attachments
Body• Actual message
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Understanding Email BasicsUnderstanding Email Basics
Email message parts
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Understanding Email BasicsUnderstanding Email Basics
Email Features
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Understanding Email BasicsUnderstanding Email Basics
Store-and-forward technology Communications method in which data
can be stored until transmission is possible
Email attachments In addition to body of message, you can
attach• Documents, spreadsheets, photos, video,
sounds
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Understanding Email BasicsUnderstanding Email Basics
Netiquette (Internet etiquette) Guidelines for maintaining civilized and
effective communication in online discussions and email exchanges• All caps considered SHOUTING AND RUDE
Never write anything personal or damaging in an email Nonprivate form of communication
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Talking Points:Talking Points:WHO IS READING YOUR EMAIL?WHO IS READING YOUR EMAIL?
Who is Reading your Email?
Electronic Communications Privacy Act of 2000 Prohibits use of email as evidence
unless judge approves search warrant No such protection offered in workplace Many businesses monitor email
Patriot Act Relaxes rules for obtaining and implementing
search warrant Easier to get email logs and addresses from
email providerComputer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Talking Points:Talking Points:WHO IS READING YOUR EMAIL?WHO IS READING YOUR EMAIL?
Your email might become public Forwarding Technicians might see it during routine
maintenance Email exchanges, including those you
delete, can be stored as backup on server
Some Web-based providers monitor how often you log in May monitor keystrokes to map which
links you click
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Talking Points:Talking Points:WHO IS READING YOUR EMAIL?WHO IS READING YOUR EMAIL?
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Think of email as postcard, rather than letter
Save your controversial comments for face-to-face conversations
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