concept learning strategies [autosaved]
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CONCEPT LEARNING
• Concept Learning is a branch from the Intellectual Skills based in R. Gagne’s Learning Outcomes. (Smith & Ragan, 2005)
CONCEPT LEARNING
INTELLECTUAL
SKILLS
Gagne’s Learning Outcome
• Gagne’s Learning Outcomes five categories are; verbal information (declarative knowledge), intellectual skills, cognitive strategies, attitudes and psychomotor. (Smith & Ragan, 2005)
VERBAL INFORMATION
INTELLECTUAL SKILLS
COGNITIVE STRATEGIES ATTITUDES
PSYCHOMOTOR
SKILLS
INTELLECTUAL SKILLS
• According to Gagne Intellectual Skills are a hierarchy which consist of discriminations, concepts, principles (relational rules), procedures and problem solving.
Intellectual
Skills Discrimination
Concepts
Principles
Procedure
Problem Solving
Hierarchy of Intellectual Skills
Discrimination
Concepts
Principles
• The ability to distinguish the difference through the senses (visual, auditory, tactile, taste and smell)
• (Smith & Ragan, 2005)
• The ability to put objects into group, categorizing or assimilating
• (Smith & Ragan, 2005)
• The ability to apply natural laws or relationships between objects
• (Smith & Ragan, 2005)
Hierarchy of Intellectual Skills
Procedure
Problem Solving
“Learners must be able to make a discrimination
among objects before they can identify concrete
concepts. They must have acquired the concept that are used in the rules, and
they have acquired the rules they will combine in
unique ways to create domain-specific problem
solving.”
•The ability to apply the order of operation or processes
• (Smith & Ragan, 2005)
•The ability to apply the application of rules
• (Smith & Ragan, 2005)
• (Smith & Ragan, 2005, pg81)
INTELLECTUAL SKILLS EXAMPLE
• If we consider acquiring the idea of colors…The learn must learn to tell one color from another (discrimination), then they begin to put same colors together (concept)which leads to an understanding between different colors (principal/laws regarding colors), how colors are made(procedures) and finally having the ability to distinguish light and dark colors which are the same color(problem solving)
DEFINATION OF CONCEPTS“A concept is a set of specific objects symbols or events which are grouped together on the basis of shared characteristics and which can be referenced by a particular name or symbol.” (Smith and Ragan, 2005, pg.172)
Concrete Concepts- the learner
assimilates objects based on physical characteristics.
Abstract (Defined) Concepts- objects
are assimilated by defined list.
(Smith & Ragan, 2005)
CONCEPT LEARNING
STRATEGIES• Gagne stated “The requirements of adequate preparedness
for a new learning are different for each of the five kinds of learning outcomes: intellectual skills, information, cognitive strategies, attitudes, and motor skills (Gagne, 1980)
He further stated regarding new learning through intellectual skills “rules and concepts are typically composed of simpler rules and concepts, and the new learning in fact has the character of combining components simpler skills into more complex ones. (Gagne, 1980)
Therefore when applying concept learning with an inquiry approach the learner would “induce or discover the concept underlying the instances” (Smith & Ragan, 2005)
STRATEGIES CONT.
• An example of this application is the Sesame Street son
“One of These Things is Not Like the Other” which is also an analogies.
One of These Things is Not Like the Others
Analogies can be used for abstract and concrete concepts because they require the learner to relate prior knowledge and assist with grouping of characteristics.
STRATEGIES cont.
• Concept Tree is a representation of an idea as it relates to other ideas. These can be illustrated through Prezi, Bubbl or any mind mapping tools. The learner’s representation my appear as the following:
References
• Smith, P.L. & Ragan, T.J. (2005) Instructional design 3rd edition. Wiley & Son, Hoboken, NJ
• Gagne, R. M. (1980). Preparing the learner for new learning. Theory Into Practice, 19(1), 6.
• GAMES
• http://www.lumosity.com
• Pogo (2013) Poppit. Electronic Arts Retrieved 7/3/2013 from http://www.pogo.com/games/poppit
Graan, B (2012). Mahjong solitarie version V17. Mahjonged.com
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