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Component-oriented approaches to context-aware systems – Monday 14 June 2004
1
The Contextor Infrastructure
for Context-Aware Computing
Gaëtan Rey, Joëlle Coutaz
Engineering HCI research group
CLIPS IMAG, Grenoble, France
Component-oriented approaches to context-aware systems – Monday 14 June 2004
3
Outline
• Synthesis of the state of the art (architectural aspects)
• The contextor infrastructure
Component-oriented approaches to context-aware systems – Monday 14 June 2004
4
Synthesis of the state of the art
• No consensual definition for the notion of context
• A clear need for infrastructures that support the development of context-aware computing– Like conventional systems: heterogeneity, distribution,
interoperability, …– Unlike conventional systems: multi-scaling, spontaneity, …
Component-oriented approaches to context-aware systems – Monday 14 June 2004
5
Architecture
Sensing : numeric observables
Component-oriented approaches to context-aware systems – Monday 14 June 2004
6
Architecture
Sensing : numeric observables
Transformation : symbolic observables
Component-oriented approaches to context-aware systems – Monday 14 June 2004
7
Architecture
Sensing : numeric observables
Transformation : symbolic observables
Situation and context identification
Component-oriented approaches to context-aware systems – Monday 14 June 2004
8
Architecture
Sensing : numeric observables
Transformation : symbolic observables
Situation and context identification
Context adapter
Component-oriented approaches to context-aware systems – Monday 14 June 2004
9
Architecture
Sensing : numeric observables
Transformation : symbolic observables
Situation and context identification
Context adapter
Priv
acy
/ Sec
urity
/ T
rust
Component-oriented approaches to context-aware systems – Monday 14 June 2004
10
Architecture
Sensing : numeric observables
Transformation : symbolic observables
Situation and context identification
Context adapter
Priv
acy
/ Sec
urity
/ T
rust
His
tory
Component-oriented approaches to context-aware systems – Monday 14 June 2004
11
Architecture
Sensing : numeric observables
Transformation : symbolic observables
Situation and context identification
Context adapter
Priv
acy
/ Sec
urity
/ T
rust
His
tory
Dis
cove
ry /
Rec
over
y
Component-oriented approaches to context-aware systems – Monday 14 June 2004
12
Architecture
Sensing : numeric observables
Transformation : symbolic observables
Situation and context identification
Context adapter
Priv
acy
/ Sec
urity
/ T
rust
His
tory
Dis
cove
ry /
Rec
over
y
For each layer•Services are self-descriptive (meta-interface + meta-data)•Services are self-configurable •Services are local to global (islands of interaction and existence of servers)•Services support multiple communication mechanisms (publish-subscribe, request-answer)•A uniform computational model (process/data oriented) and architectural style
Component-oriented approaches to context-aware systems – Monday 14 June 2004
13
Architecture
Sensing : numeric observables
Transformation : symbolic observables
Situation and context identification
Context adapter
Priv
acy
/ Sec
urity
/ T
rust
His
tory
Dis
cove
ry /
Rec
over
y
One style does not fit allA set of interoperable infrastructures
Component-oriented approaches to context-aware systems – Monday 14 June 2004
14
The contextor infrastructure
Sensing : numeric observables
Transformation : symbolic observables
Situation and context identification
Context adapter
Priv
acy
/ Sec
urity
/ T
rust
His
tory
Dis
cove
ry /
Rec
over
y
Component-oriented approaches to context-aware systems – Monday 14 June 2004
15
Outline
• Contextor
• Discovery
• Examples
Component-oriented approaches to context-aware systems – Monday 14 June 2004
16
Contextor Software abstraction
Functional core + typed communication channels
Data In
Meta Data In
Data Out
Meta Data Out
Control Out
Control In
Component-oriented approaches to context-aware systems – Monday 14 June 2004
17
Contextor Software abstraction
Functional core• Transformation : Data (Type X) + Meta Data Data (Type Y) + Meta Data
– Meta Data : uncertainty, accuracy, latency …
Transformation
Data In
Meta Data In
Data Out
Meta Data Out
Control Out
Control In
Component-oriented approaches to context-aware systems – Monday 14 June 2004
18
Contextor Software abstraction
Functional core• Transformation : Data (Type X) + Meta Data Data (Type Y) + Meta Data
• Control : behavior adaptation– supports reconfigurability
Transformation
Data In
Meta Data In
Data Out
Meta Data Out
Control Out
Control In
Component-oriented approaches to context-aware systems – Monday 14 June 2004
19
Dynamic Composition of Contextors
Application 1 Application 2Data and Meta Data Flow
Component-oriented approaches to context-aware systems – Monday 14 June 2004
20
Dynamic Composition of Contextors
Application 1 Application 2Controls Flow
Data and Meta Data Flow
Component-oriented approaches to context-aware systems – Monday 14 June 2004
21
Life Cycle of a Contextor
Creation, conception of contextor
Not RunningNot SuppliedNot Ready
Not in Activity
State 1
Component-oriented approaches to context-aware systems – Monday 14 June 2004
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Life Cycle of a Contextor
Creation, conception of contextor
RunningNot SuppliedNot Ready
Not in Activity
State 2Launching the contextor from
its configuration fileNot RunningNot SuppliedNot Ready
Not in Activity
State 1
Component-oriented approaches to context-aware systems – Monday 14 June 2004
23
Life Cycle of a Contextor
Creation, conception of contextor
Looking for Source Contextors :
Send request for service on the
network
RunningNot SuppliedNot Ready
Not in Activity
State 2Launching the contextor from
its configuration fileNot RunningNot SuppliedNot Ready
Not in Activity
State 1
Component-oriented approaches to context-aware systems – Monday 14 June 2004
24
Life Cycle of a Contextor
Running Supplied
Not ReadyNot in Activity
State 3
Subscribingto
Source Contextors
Creation, conception of contextor
Looking for Source Contextors :
Send request for service on the
network
RunningNot SuppliedNot Ready
Not in Activity
State 2Launching the contextor from
its configuration fileNot RunningNot SuppliedNot Ready
Not in Activity
State 1
Component-oriented approaches to context-aware systems – Monday 14 June 2004
25
Life Cycle of a Contextor
RunningSuppliedReady
Not in Activity
State 4
Lauching the functional CoreWaiting for Sink clients
Creation, conception of contextor
Running Supplied
Not ReadyNot in Activity
State 3
Subscribingto
Source Contextors
Looking for Source Contextors :
Send request for service on the
network
RunningNot SuppliedNot Ready
Not in Activity
State 2Launching the contextor from
its configuration fileNot RunningNot SuppliedNot Ready
Not in Activity
State 1
Component-oriented approaches to context-aware systems – Monday 14 June 2004
26
Life Cycle of a Contextor
Creation, conception of contextor
RunningSuppliedReady
In Activity
State 5
New sink Clientconnection
Last sink Client Disconnection
First sink ClientConnection
RunningSuppliedReady
Not in Activity
State 4
Lauching the functional CoreWaiting for Sink clients
Running Supplied
Not ReadyNot in Activity
State 3
Subscribingto
Source Contextors
Looking for Source Contextors :
Send request for service on the
network
RunningNot SuppliedNot Ready
Not in Activity
State 2Launching the contextor from
its configuration fileNot RunningNot SuppliedNot Ready
Not in Activity
State 1
Component-oriented approaches to context-aware systems – Monday 14 June 2004
27
Life Cycle of a Contextor
Stop Command
Creation, conception of contextor
RunningSuppliedReady
In Activity
State 5
New sink Clientconnection
Last sink Client Disconnection
First sink ClientConnection
RunningSuppliedReady
Not in Activity
State 4
Lauching the functional CoreWaiting for Sink clients
Running Supplied
Not ReadyNot in Activity
State 3
Subscribingto
Source Contextors
Looking for Source Contextors :
Send request for service on the
network
RunningNot SuppliedNot Ready
Not in Activity
State 2Launching the contextor from
its configuration fileNot RunningNot SuppliedNot Ready
Not in Activity
State 1
Component-oriented approaches to context-aware systems – Monday 14 June 2004
28
Outline
• Contextor
• Discovery & Scalability
• Examples
Component-oriented approaches to context-aware systems – Monday 14 June 2004
29
P2P Network Model
• Both a client and a server– Improves the autonomy of contextors
Component-oriented approaches to context-aware systems – Monday 14 June 2004
30
P2P Network Model
• Both a client and a server– Improves the autonomy of contextors
• Fully Distributed Architecture– Supports the arrival/departure of
contextors
Component-oriented approaches to context-aware systems – Monday 14 June 2004
31
P2P Network Model
• Both a client and a server– Improves the autonomy of contextors
• Fully Distributed Architecture– Supports the arrival/departure of
contextors
• Local Discovery– Requests use UDP multicast
Component-oriented approaches to context-aware systems – Monday 14 June 2004
32
P2P Network Model
• Both a client and a server– Improves the autonomy of contextors
• Fully Distributed Architecture– Supports the arrival/departure of
contextors
• Local Discovery– Requests use UDP multicast
• Distant Discovery– Hybrid Model (GloSS)
– Use of "repeaters“ (model based on geographical localization)
Component-oriented approaches to context-aware systems – Monday 14 June 2004
33
Outline
• Contextor
• Discovery
• Examples
Component-oriented approaches to context-aware systems – Monday 14 June 2004
34
Example 1: Human activities Observatory
A dynamic Web page displays users’ level of activity
Component-oriented approaches to context-aware systems – Monday 14 June 2004
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Example 1: Human activities Observatory
Architecture
Web clientTomcat Web Server
Client Web
User User User
Web Pages
Federation of Contextors
Component-oriented approaches to context-aware systems – Monday 14 June 2004
36
Ada
pte
rDisplaysUsers
Activities
Example 1: Human activities Observatory
Architecture
Servlet
Observed User
Local informationContextor
Local Activity
Contextor
Mouse Activity
Contextor
Keyboard Activity
Contextor
Component-oriented approaches to context-aware systems – Monday 14 June 2004
37
Example 1: Human activities Observatory
[…]
public class ActivityObservatory extends HttpServlet {
private ActivityAdapter myAdapter;
[…]
public void init(){
myAdapter = new ActivityAdapter();
[…]
}
[…]
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException, ServletException{
[…]
for (int i=0; i< myAdapter.getDataInConnections("activity"); i++){this.displayInformation( myAdapter.getData("activity",i) );
}
[…]
}
[…]
}
Component-oriented approaches to context-aware systems – Monday 14 June 2004
38
Example 1: Observatory of Activity
[…]public class ActivityMouseContextor extends ElementaryContextor{
private Process mp = null;private String data = "";[…]public void init(){
[…]mp = Runtime.getRuntime().exec("MouseSensor.exe");[…]
}[…]public void functionalCore() {
[…]data += this.mp.read();[…]this.setDataOutValue(data.getBytes());[…]
}[…]
}
Component-oriented approaches to context-aware systems – Monday 14 June 2004
39
Example 2 : I-AM
• C. Lachenal et N. Barralon Works
• A software infrastructure that supports the dynamic composition of heterogeneous interaction resources to form a unified space.
• In this space, users can distribute and migrate whole or parts of user interfaces as if they were handled by a unique computer.
Component-oriented approaches to context-aware systems – Monday 14 June 2004
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Example 2 : I-AM
• C. Lachenal et N. Barralon Works• 2 types of contextors
– Surfaces Contextors• Indicate the presence of each surface (= display)
• Indicate characteristics (size, …) of each surface
Component-oriented approaches to context-aware systems – Monday 14 June 2004
41
Example 2 : I-AM
• C. Lachenal et N. Barralon Works• 2 types of contextors
– Surfaces Contextors– Link Contextors
• Encapsulate a physical sensor
• Indicate links (spatial relations) between each surfaces
IRDA transmitter / receiver
USB connectorIRDA manager
PIC Microprocessor
Component-oriented approaches to context-aware systems – Monday 14 June 2004
42
Example 2 : I-AM
• C. Lachenal et N. Barralon Works• 2 types of contextors
– Surfaces Contextors– Link Contextors
• Encapsulate a physical sensor (currently simulated)
• Indicate links (spatial relations) between each surfaces
Component-oriented approaches to context-aware systems – Monday 14 June 2004
43
Conclusion
• Role of Contextors– Capture and computes contextual information– Distribution (local and global)
Component-oriented approaches to context-aware systems – Monday 14 June 2004
44
Conclusion
• Role of Contextors– Capture and computes contextual information – Distribution (local and global)
• Middleware– Distributed– Dynamic– Autonomous
Component-oriented approaches to context-aware systems – Monday 14 June 2004
45
Perspectives
• Evaluation of architecture– Latency – Scalability– Reconfigurability
Component-oriented approaches to context-aware systems – Monday 14 June 2004
46
Perspectives
• Evaluation of architecture– Latency – Scalability– Reconfigurability
• Implementation of examples– Mobility (connections / disconnections)– Distribution (repeaters)
Component-oriented approaches to context-aware systems – Monday 14 June 2004
47
Perspectives
• Evaluation of architecture– Latency – Scalability– Reconfigurability
• Implementation of examples– Mobility (connections / disconnections)– Distribution (repeaters)
• Contextors Upgrade– History of the data
Component-oriented approaches to context-aware systems – Monday 14 June 2004
48
The Contextor Infrastructure
for Context-Aware Computing
Gaëtan Rey, Joëlle Coutaz
Engineering HCI research group
CLIPS IMAG, Grenoble, France
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