comparative anatomy
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COMPARATIVE ANATOMY
Body OrganizationThis diagram tracks the levels of organization in the body. What are the missing level names?
Body Organization
How are endoskeletons and exoskeletons alike and how they are different?
Skeletons and Muscles
Skeletons and Muscles
EndoskeletonsEndoskeletons are made of different materials.
Skeletons and Muscles
Muscle PairsWhich muscle is relaxed or contracted in each type of skeleton?
The Skeletal System
Movable JointsMovable joints allow movement in different ways. What is another joint for each type?
Muscle UseHow is the person in each frame using involuntary and voluntary muscles?
The Muscular System
The Muscular System
Compare and ContrastHow are all three muscle tissues alike and how are they different?
The Skin
Structures of the SkinWhat are the functions of the epidermis, the nerves, and the sweat gland?
Obtaining FoodThe snail's radula is a flexible, tonguelike ribbon of tiny teeth.
How Animals Obtain and Digest Food
How Animals Obtain and Digest Food
Digestive TubesThe digestive tubes of earthworms and fishes have specialized areas in common.
The Digestive Process Begins
Digestive System OrgansFood passes directly through five of the organs of the digestive system.
The MouthDigestion begins in the mouth.
The Digestive Process Begins
Organs of DigestionThe liver, pancreas, and gallbladder produce and store substances that aid digestion. What is the function of each organ?
Final Digestion and Absorption
VilliTiny villi line the folds of the small intestine.
Final Digestion and Absorption
There are many different parts to the body’s digestive system.
Final Digestion and Absorption
A Closed Circulatory SystemAn earthworm’s body is divided into more than 100 segments. The earthworm’s circulatory system runs through all of the segments.
Circulation and Excretion
Heart ChambersIn fishes, the heart has two chambers—one atrium and one ventricle.
Circulation and Excretion
Circulation and Excretion
A Single-Loop PatternWhat happens to oxygen and carbon dioxide in the gills and body organs? Where are the atrium and the ventricle?
Circulation and Excretion
A Double-Loop PatternWhat type of blood is in each heart chamber?
The Body’s Transport System
The Cardiovascular SystemLike roads that link all the parts of a town, the cardiovascular system links all the parts of the body.
The Body’s Transport System
The Heart
The Body’s Transport System
Two LoopsThe heart can pump 5 liters of blood through the two loops each minute. What is the path the blood travels?
What are the functions and structures of the blood vessels? What would be a title for the table?
A Closer Look at Blood Vessels
Blood VesselsWhat happens to blood in each kind of vessel?
A Closer Look at Blood Vessels
Composition of Blood
Cells in BloodIn addition to red and white blood cells, blood contains platelets, the fragments of cells. What is the function of each component? Where are blood cells produced?
Blood Types and Their MarkersWhat are the rest of the marker molecules and clumping proteins?
Composition of Blood
Blood Types in the United StatesThe circle graph shows the distribution of each blood type in the population of the United States.
Composition of Blood
The Lymphatic SystemFluid moves out of capillaries into the lymphatic system, and then returns to the bloodstream. What are the roles of the parts of the lymphatic system?
Composition of Blood
Compare and contrast breathing and cellular respiration.
How Animals Obtain Oxygen
How Animals Obtain Oxygen
Respiration Without LungsAnimals that live in water and do not have lungs use their outer body covering or gills to exchange gases. What are the animals' respiratory structures?
Invertebrate RespirationSkin, book lungs, and tracheal tubes are respiratory structures of invertebrates.
How Animals Obtain Oxygen
LungsHow do pockets increase a lung's surface area?
How Animals Obtain Oxygen
How Animals Obtain Oxygen
A Bird’s LungsWhat is the path air takes through a bird's respiratory structures?
Structures of the Respiratory SystemParticles in the air are filtered out as the air moves through the respiratory system. What does each part of the respiratory system do?
The Respiratory System
Gas ExchangeGases move across the thin walls of both alveoli and capillaries.
The Respiratory System
The Excretory SystemUrine is produced in the kidneys and then travels through the excretory system.
The Excretory System
Kidney
Ureter
Urinarybladder
Urethra
The Excretory System
How the Kidneys WorkMost of the work of the kidneys is done in the nephrons.
Nervous SystemsDifferent types of nervous systems have different functions.
The Nervous System
Structure of a NeuronA neuron has one axon and many dendrites that extend from the cell body.
How the Nervous System Works
Dendrites
Cell body
Nucleus
AxonMyelin
Axontips
Divisions of the Nervous System
The Nervous SystemExplain the function of each part of the nervous system.
The Brain
Divisions of the Nervous System
The CerebrumThe cerebrum is divided into a right and a left half.
Divisions of the Nervous System
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