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COMP268
ABAP and XML
Stefan Bresch, NW F ABAPThomas Ritter, NW F ABAP
Christoph Wedler, NW F ABAP
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Disclaimer
This presentation outlines our general product direction and should not be
relied on in making a purchase decision. This presentation is not subject to
your license agreement or any other agreement with SAP. SAP has no
obligation to pursue any course of business outlined in this presentation or to
develop or release any functionality mentioned in this presentation. This
presentation and SAP's strategy and possible future developments are
subject to change and may be changed by SAP at any time for any reasonwithout notice. This document is provided without a warranty of any kind,
either express or implied, including but not limited to, the implied warranties
of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, or non-infringement. SAP
assumes no responsibility for errors or omissions in this document, except if
such damages were caused by SAP intentionally or grossly negligent.
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1. XML Overview
2. XML Processing in ABAP
3. ABAP XML Data Serialization
4. ABAP XML Mapping with ST and XSLT
5. Summary
Agenda
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XML from a Programmers Perspective
From a programmers perspective, XMLis ...
a generic data model(XML Infoset) for trees
ordered, structured nodes (elements)
unordered, unstructured nodes (attributes)
a generic syntax(markup) for representation of trees
the basis for an open set of standards and toolsparsing: texttree; rendering: treetext
typing, validating: XML Schema
querying, transforming: XPath, XSLT
a generic data structure conceptfor programming languages
primitive: DOM, SAX
data binding: JAXB
For all kinds of processing
except input/output, XMLdocuments should be thought
of in terms of the data model,
not in terms of their textual
representation. I.e., trees of
nodes, not sequences of tags.
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Transforming XML with XSLT
XSLT(extensible stylesheet language / transformations)is ...
a high level tree transformation language with XML syntax
declarative: no "state"
rule-based: pattern matching against source tree
functional: source navigation by XPathexpressions
compositional: result tree construction by XSLT instructionsmixed with literalXML
"the SQL of the web"
XSLT
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1. XML Overview
2. XML Processing in ABAP
3. ABAP XML Data Serialization
4. ABAP XML Mapping with ST and XSLT
5. Summary
Agenda
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iXML Package
The iXML packages (since 4.6D): features
general XML parser/renderer
implemented in kernel (C++)
encapsulated in ABAP proxy classes (package SIXML)
interfaces IF_IXML_PARSER, IF_IXML_NODE, etc.
main factory class CL_IXMLDOM (Document Object Model)
superset of DOM level 1 (incl. XML namespaces)
DTD validation (since 6.10)
event-based parser (~SAX)
codepage support; implemenation based on UCS2/UCS4
examples program in package SIXML_TEST(examples shown here:T_PARSING_DOM, T_DOM_ITERATOR, T_PARSING_EVENT)
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iXML Package: XML Parser Example
Example: Create an iXML parser instance
create an input stream for the XML document xmlusing the stream factory
create a document and a parser for the document and input stream
DATA ixml TYPE REF TO if_ixml.DATA streamfactory TYPE REF TO if_ixml_stream_factory.DATA istream TYPE REF TO if_ixml_istream.
DATA document TYPE REF TO if_ixml_document.DATA parser TYPE REF TO if_ixml_parser.
ixml = cl_ixml=>create( ).streamfactory = ixml->create_stream_factory( ).istream = streamfactory->create_istream_xstring( string = xml).
document = ixml->create_document( ).parser = ixml->create_parser( document = documentstream_factory = stream_factoryistream = istream ).
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iXML Package: DOM Iterator
DATA iterator TYPE REF TO if_ixml_node_iterator.DATA node TYPE REF TO if_ixml_node.DATA name TYPE STRING.
parser->parse( ).node = document.iterator = node->create_iterator( ).node = iterator->get_next( ).WHILE node IS NOT INITIAL.
node = iterator->get_next( ).CASE node->get_type( ).WHEN if_ixml_node=>co_node_element.
name = node->get_name( )....
ENDCASE.node = iterator->get_next( ).
ENDWHILE.
Example: Iterate over the DOM
invoke the iXML parser and create an iterator
get the next node from the iterator in a loop until there is no more node
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iXML Package: Event Parser
DATA event TYPE REF TO if_ixml_event.DATA node TYPE REF TO if_ixml_node.DATA name TYPE STRING.
parser->set_event_subscription( if_ixml_event=>co_event_element_pre ).event = parser->parse_event( ).WHILE event IS NOT INITIAL.
node ?= event->get_node( ).CASE event->get_type( ).WHEN if_ixml_event=>co_event_element_pre.
name = node->get_name( )....
ENDCASE.event =parser->parse_event( ).
ENDWHILE.
Example: Listen to the event parser
subscribe to the events you are interested in
get the next event in a loop until there is no more event
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SXML Package
The SXML packages (since 7.0): features
streaming XML reader(parser) and writer(renderer)
implemented in kernel (C)
encapsulated in ABAP proxy classes
interfaces IF_SXML_READER, IF_SXML_WRITER, etc.
factories CL_SXML_STRING_READER, CL_SXML_STRING_WRITER, etc. token-based reader (pull principle)
additional high level interface (based on IF_SXML_NODEinterface)
codepage support; optimized for utf-8 (default codepage for XML)
optimized binary XML protocol (automatic detection in reader, writer can be
configured by factory method parameter TYPE = IF_SXML=>CO_XT_BINARY) streaming from/to dataset with CL_SXML_DATASET_READER,
CL_SXML_DATASET_WRITER(since 7.1)
reader and writer interoperable by reader method SKIP_NODE and writer methodWRITE_NODE
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SXML Package: XML Reader (token-based)
DATA reader TYPE REF TO if_sxml_reader.
DATA name TYPE STRING.
reader = cl_sxml_string_reader=>create( input = xml).
reader->next_node( ).
WHILE reader->node_type if_sxml_node=>co_nt_final.
CASE reader->node_type.
WHEN if_sxml_node=>co_nt_element_open.
name = reader->name....
ENDCASE.
reader->next_node( ).
ENDWHILE.
Example: Parse an XML document using the token-based interface
create a reader instance for the XML document xml loop until the final state is reached
the current node type, name and/or value are stored in the reader interface attributes
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SXML Package: XML Reader (node-based)
DATA reader TYPE REF TO if_sxml_reader.
DATA node TYPE REF TO if_sxml_node.
DATA open_element TYPE REF TO if_sxml_open_element.
DATA name TYPE STRING.
reader = cl_sxml_string_reader=>create( input = xml ).
node = reader->read_next_node( ).
WHILE node->type if_sxml_node=>co_nt_final.
CASE node->type.
WHEN if_sxml_node=>co_nt_element_open.open_element ?= node.
name = open_element->qname-name.
...
ENDCASE.
node = reader->read_next_node( ).
ENDWHILE.
Example: Parse an XML document using the node-based interface
create an reader instance for the XML document xml read next node until the final state is reached
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EXERCISE 1
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XSLT Processor
The SAP XSLT processor (since 6.10): features
performance, implemented in kernel (C++)
interoperable with iXML package
standard conformance (XSLT 1.0)
virtual machine: compilation to byte code, storage in database, and interpretation in
kernel integrated in ABAP language and ABAP Workbench
ABAP method call
XML result: (X)STRINGor tableor REF TO IF_IXML_OSTREAM
or
REF TO IF_IXML_DOCUMENT
XML source: (X)STRING or tableor REF TO IF_IXML_ISTREAMor REF TO IF_IXML_NODE
CALL TRANSFORMATION my_xsltPARAMETERS p1 = my1 ... pn = myn
SOURCE XML my_sourceRESULT XML my_result.
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1. XML Overview
2. XML Processing in ABAP
3. ABAP XML Data Serialization
4. ABAP XML Mapping with ST and XSLT
5. Summary
Agenda
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ABAP XML Data Serialization
Serializing ABAP data to XML ...
... for XML-based communication
example: basXML
... for XML-based persistence
example: TREX
The canonical representation of ABAP data in XML is called asXML (ABAP
serialized XML)
ABAP data structure canonical representation /
asXML
serialization
de-serialization
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DEMO
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ABAP XML Data Serialization
The asXML representation is generated with the identity transformation ID.
CALL TRANSFORMATION ID
SOURCEp1= my_p1 ...pn= my_pn
RESULT XML xml.
Serialization: Type of ABAP sourcevariables determines generated asXML
representation.
CALL TRANSFORMATION ID
SOURCE XML xml
RESULTp1= my_p1 ...pn= my_pn.
De-serialization: Type of ABAP result
variables determines required asXML
representation.
...
...
...
XML source: (X)STRING or tableor REF TO IF_SXML_READERor REF TO CL_FX_READER
XML result: (X)STRINGor tableor REF TO IF_SXML_WRITERor REF TO CL_FX_WRITER
uppercase!
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asXML: Values
DATA my_time type T.
my_time = '151659'.
CALL TRANSFORMATION ID
SOURCE time= my_time
RESULT xml xml.
15:16:59
ABAP type/domain XML schema type Format/can. rep.
C,STRING xsd:string Hello
N xsd:string([0-9]+)
0123
I xsd:int -123
P xsd:decimal -1.23
F xsd:double -1.23E-2
D xsd:date* 2008-09-10
T xsd:time* 08:59:17
X,XSTRING xsd:base64Binary RWeJwq==
DECFLOAT16,DECFLOAT34
xsd:precisionDecimal
-1.2300
XSDBOOLEAN** xsd:boolean true,false
XSDLANGUAGE** xsd:language enXSDDATETIME_Z** xsd:dateTime 2008-09-10T08:59:17Z
XSDUUID_RAW**XSDUUID_CHAR**
001a4b50-534a-1ddc-95f8-7f56747c4990
XSDDATE_D** xsd:date 2008-09-10
XSDTIME_T** xsd:time 08:59:17
XSDANY** xsd:any ...mixed content ...*without consistency check, all content allowed ** since 7.0
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asXML: Structures
DATA my_time TYPE ty_time.
my_time-tzone = 'CET'.
my_time-time = '151659'.
CALL TRANSFORMATION ID
SOURCE time= my-time
RESULT XML xml.
CET
15:16:59
TYPES: BEGIN OF ty_time,
tzoneTYPE c LENGTH 3,timeTYPE T,
END OF ty_time.
Component names determine XML
sub element names
All types are allowed in
components, including structures
and internal tables
Additional sub elements are
ignored in XML input, components
without a corresponding XMLelement keep their value
Components are serialized in the
order in which they are defined in
the structure. Order in input is
insignificant; components are
addressed by name.
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asXML: Tables
DATA my_times TYPE ty_times.
my_time-tzone = 'CET'. INSERT my_time INTO TABLE my_times.
my_time-tzone = 'PST'. INSERT my_time INTO TABLE my_times.
CALL TRANSFORMATION ID
SOURCE times= my_times
RESULT XML xml.
CET15:16:59
PST15:16:59
TYPES ty_times TYPE STANDARD TABLE
OF ty_time WITH DEFAULT KEY.
In serialization, the table line name is itemor the ABAP dictionary type
name if defined there. In de-serilization, the table line name is irrelevant.
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asXML: References
References and Referenced Objects
Separate section for referenced objects (heap section) anonymous data objects (created with CREATE DATA)
instances of ABAP classes (created with CREATE OBJECT)
Objects on the heap section (heap objects) have an identity represented by the id
attribute
References to heap objects refer to this identity and are therefore represented by anhrefattribute
Heap objects provide type information for deserialization (potential polymorphism)
Objects (instances of ABAP classes)
ABAP class must implement the interface IF_SERIALIZABLE_OBJECT
All attributes (including private attributes) are serialized and grouped into class parts
to avoid naming conflicts
Customized serialization by providing the private methods SERIALIZE_HELPERand
DESERIALIZE_HELPER: For each class part, only the parameters of the respecting
method are serialized / de-serialized.
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asXML: Objects
DATA incl_info TYPE REF TO cl_abap_source_info.
CREATE OBJECT incl_info EXPORTING p_name = 'MY_INCLUDE' p_kind = 'I'.
CALL TRANSFORMATION ID
SOURCE src_info= incl_info
RESULT XML xml.
MY_INCLUDE
I
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asXML: Anonymous Data Objects
DATA iref TYPE REF TO I.
DATA dref TYPE REF TO DATA.
CREATE DATAdref.
iref->* = 42.
dref = iref.
CALL TRANSFORMATION IDSOURCE i= iref d= dref
RESULT XML xml.
42
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EXERCISE 2
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1. XML Overview
2. XML Processing in ABAP
3. ABAP XML Data Serialization
4. ABAP XML Mapping with ST and XSLT
5. Summary
Agenda
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ABAP XML Mapping
The structure mapping
problem.
Which side is driving?
Inside-out approach: XMLXML mapping
Outside-in approach:
generation of proxy
classes
Symmetric approach:
mapping engine
XSLT with asXML
Simple Transformations
external XML format
ABAP data structure
external application
ABAP application
XML-based communicationoutside
inside
Mapping Engine
... for XML-based communication with external applications
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ABAP XML Mapping with XSLT and the asXML
format (1)
external XML format
ABAP data structure
canonical DOM
inboundoutbound
external XML format
1. build canonicalDOM
2. transform DOM to
outbound XML
1. parse inbound
XML to DOM
ABAP data structure
2a. transform inbound
DOM to canonical DOM
2b. bind data
2. transform inbound
DOM to data
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DEMO
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ABAP XML Mapping with XSLT and the asXML
format (2)
15:16:59
Rule for writing XSLT transformations for ABAP XML Mapping: Treat the
ABAP values (on the source or result side) in the XSLT program as if theywere given in their canonical representation.
Example
(outbound):
XML:
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ABAP XML Mapping with XSLT: Weaknesses
Learning XSLT
overkill for trivial transformation task
no integrated tool support
Asymetric programs
one program for ABAP to XML, one for XML to ABAP
Processing model
source tree node can be accessed in a random order using XPath
result tree can only be produced in a strictly linear fashion (document order)
Resource consumptionDOM construction (the DOM consumes 10 times as much memory as the textual
XML)
(Superflous codepage conversions)
XSLT Engine overhead
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ABAP XML Mapping with ST: Key Features
Simple Transformation programs are XML templates
literal XMLwith interspersed instructions
declarative, straightforward semantics
Data tree access by node references
instructions access data by simple reference expression
named childs of a data node are accessible by name
ST programs are reversible
serialization: write tokens to an xml stream
deserialization: match/consume token from an xml stream
Virtual machine (VM) compilation to byte code and storage in database
interpretation of byte code in kernel (lean engine)
In ST programs (as
opposed to XSLT),
the XML source is
accessed in a strictly
linear fashion.
Si l T f ti E i P
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Simple Transformations: Expressive Power
Anything that can be done with ...
accessing each node in the data tree any number of times
accessing each node in the XML tree at most once, in document order (with
"lookahead 1" on XML source)
which includes (any combination of) ...
renamings(e.g.: structure-component / element names)
projections(omission of sub-trees)
permutations(changes in sub-tree order)
constants(e.g.: constant values, insertion of tree levels)
defaults(for initial / special values)
conditionals(e.g.: existence of sub-trees, value of nodes)
value maps
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DEMOD b I t t d XML B
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Debugger: Integrated XML Browser
ST D b
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ST Debugger
ST C t t T l t
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( )*
( )*
(
[ context declaration]
template content
)*
ST Constructs: Templates
Example:
ST C t t V l
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ST Constructs: Value
S: ABAP data (by ref-node-expression) to XML (apply asXML value conversion rules)
D: XML to ABAP data (by ref-node-expression) (apply asXML value conversion rules)
Example:
ST Constr cts Literal XML
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ST Constructs: Literal XML
S: write literal content
D: match literal content (if no match: CX_ST_MATCH exception)
template content
07:12:00
Example:
Short:
ST Constructs: Table Loop
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ST Constructs: Table Loop
S: Evaluate content for all lines of internal table
D: Evaluate content, insert lines into table until matching fails
template content
Example:
08:57:00
08:58:00
ST Constructs: Basic Conditional
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ST Constructs: Basic Conditional
S: [if check-clause and assertions are true:] evaluate template content
D: [if template content matches:] evaluate template content [establish assertions][evaluate check-clause]
template content
Example:
15:00:00
ST Constructs: Composite Conditional
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ST Constructs: Composite Conditional
S: evaluate first case with true data condition (case with no data condition: serialization default)
D: evaluate first case with matching pattern (case with no pattern content: deserialization default)
( template content )*
( template content )*
S: evaluate all cases with true data condition
D: evaluate all cases with matching pattern
ST Constructs: Modularization
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ST Constructs: Modularization
Apply template and pass roots and parameters(A sub-template without an explicit rootdeclaration has an implicit unnamed root bound to the current nodeat the point of invocation.)
( )*
( )*
( )*
( )*
Call main template in another ST program and pass roots and parameters
ST Constructs: Variables
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ST Constructs: Variables
Declare variable (part of the context declaration)
S: Write variable to XML
D: Read variable from XML
S: Assign ABAP data (by ref-node-expression) to variable
D: Assign variable or constant to ABAP data (by ref-node-expression)
type = C|STRING|D|T|F|I|N|P|X|XSTRING
ST Constructs: Skip and Copy
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ST Constructs: Skip and Copy
S: copy ABAP data (by ref-node-expression) to XML using asXML representation
D: copy XML (in asXML format) to ABAP data (by ref-node-expression)
D: match and skip [numberof] nodes [named element-name]
Example:
CET08:58:00
PST08:59:00
ST Constructs: ABAP call
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ST Constructs: ABAP call
( )*
Example:
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EXERCISE 3
Agenda
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1. XML Overview
2. XML Processing in ABAP
3. ABAP XML Data Serialization
4. ABAP XML Mapping with ST and XSLT
5. Summary
Agenda
Summary: XML Transformations in ABAP
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Summary: XML Transformations in ABAP
XSLT (since release 6.20)
works on the canonical representation of ABAP data (asXML)
builds DOM for source side
arbitrary complex transformations
ST (since release 6.40)
only for ABAP to XML and XML to ABAP
only linear transformations
speedup of 10-30; unlimited size of data
reversible (one transformation for both directions)
ID (since release 6.20) fast, unlimited size of data
supports only asXML fromat; no external format
examples: basXML RFC, TREX, MemoryInspector
Building Your Business with
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Further Information
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Further Information
SAP Professional JournalJul/Aug 2002: From XML to ABAP Data Structures and Back: Bridging the Gap with
XSLT
Nov/Dec 2002: Mastering the asXML Format to Leverage ABAP-XML Serialization
Jan/Feb 2005: Quickly and Easily Map Your ABAP and XML Data Using Simple
Transformations
SAP Public Web:
SAP Developer Network (SDN): www.sdn.sap.comForumsABAPDevelopement
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