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THE OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE LEWIS & CLARK TRAIL HERITAGE FOUNDATION, INC. VOL. 11, No. 2 MAY 1985
Come to St. Louis to the 17th Annual Meeting of the Foundation - August 4-7, 1985
" ... decended to the Mississippi and down that river to St. Louis at which place we arived about 12 oClock. we Suffered the party to fire off their pieces as a Salute to the Town. we were met by all the village and received a harty welcome from it's inhabitants &.c "
William Clark, September 23, 1806.
"The people of St. Louis have not changed! We are still noted for our hospitality and friendliness. All of the 'Metro St. Louis' members and friends of the Foundation invite you to come, and we look forward to greeting you with the same 'harty welcom' that the Lewis and Clark Expedition received on that memorable day in September 1806 that marked the end of their epic journey."
Winifred C. George, Program chairman, 17th Annual Meeting.
THE LEWIS AND CLARK TRAIL HERITAGE FOUNDATION, INC.
Incorporated 1969 under Missouri General Not-For-Profit Corporatlon Act IRS Exemption Certificate No. 501(C)(3) - Identification No. 51-0187715
OFFICERS - EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE
President
William P. Sherman 8885 S .W. Canyon Road
Portland, OR 97225
1st Vice President
L. Edwin Wang 6013 St. Johns Ave.
Minneapolis, MN 55424
2nd Vice President
John E. Foote 1205 Rimhaven Way Billings, MT 59102
Edrie Lee Vinson, Secretary P.O. Box 1651
John E. Walker, Treasurer 200 Market St. , Suite 1177
Portland, OR 97201 Red Lodge, MT 59068
Ruth E. Lange, Membership Secretary, 5054 S .W. 26th Place, Portland, OR 97201
Todd Berens Santa Ana. CA Harold Billian Villanova, PA Robert Bivens Great Falls, MT Robert C. Carriker Spokane, WA
DIRECTORS
Roy D. Craft Stevenson. WA Viola Forrest Walla Walla, WA H. John Montague Marietta, GA Gary E. Mou lton Lincoln. NE
Margaret Norris Fayetteville. NY Charles C. Patton Springfield, IL James P. Ronda Youngstown, OH Rob11rt L. Taylor Washington, DC
Arlen J . Large, Washington. DC. immediate Past President is a Foundation Director
PAST PRESIDENTS - DIRECTORS EX OFFICIO
Edwynne P. Murphy, 1970 Gary Leppart. 1974-75 Bob Saindon, 1979-80 St. Louis, Missouri Butte, Montana Helena, Montana E.G. Chuinard. M.D .. 1971 Wilbur P. Werner, 1975-76 Irving W. Anderson, 1980-81 Tigard, Oregon Cut Bank, Montana Portland, Oregon John Greenslit. 1972 Clarence H. Decker, 1976-77 V. Strode Hinds, 1981-82 Lansing, Michigan East Alton. Illinois Sioux City, Iowa Lynn Burris, 1972-1973 Gail M. Stensland, 1977-78 Hazel Bain. 1982-83 Topeka, Kansas Fort Benton, Montana Longview, Washington Robert E. Lange, 1973-74 Mitchell Doumit, 1978-79 Arlen J. Large, 1983-84 Portland, Oregon Cathlamet, Washington Washington, D.C.
ABOUT THE FOUNDATION
The purpose of the Lewis and Clark Trail Heritage Foundation, Inc., is to stimulate nationally: public interest in matters relating to the Lewis and Clark Expedition; the contributions to America n history made by the e~ped i tion members; and events of time and place concerning and following the expedition w hich are of historical import to o ur nation. The Foundation recognizes the value of tourist-oriented programs, and suooorts activities which enhance the enjoyment an.d understandina of 1he Lew is and Clark storv. The scooe of the activities of the Foundation are broad and diverse, and include involvement in pursuits which, in the judgment of the Directors are, of historical worth or contemporary social values. and commensurate wi th the heritage ot Lewis and Clark. The actiyities of the National Foundation are intended to compliment and supplement those of state and local Lew is and Clark interest groups. The Foundation may appropriately recognize and honor individuals or groups for: art works of distinction; achievement in the broad fie ld of Lewis and Clark historical research; writing: or deeds w hich promote the general purpose and scope of activities of the Foundation. Membership in t he organization comprises a broad spectrum of Lewis and Clark enthusiasts including Federal . State, and local government officials, historians, scholars. and others of wide ranging Lewis and Clark interests. Officers of the Foundation are elected from t he membership. The Annual Meeting of the Foundation is traditionally held during August. the birt h month of both Meriwether Lewis and William Clark. The meeting place is rotated among the States. and tours generally are arranged to visit sites in the area of the Annual Meeting w hich have historic association w ith the Lewis and C lark Expedition.
WE PROCEEDED ON ISSN 0275-6706 E.G. CHU/NARD. M.D., FOUNDER
We Proceeded On is the oHicial publication of the Lewis and Clark Trail Heritage Foundation, Inc. The publication's name is derived from the phrase which appears repeatedly in the collective journals of the famous Expedition.
PUBLICATIONS COMMITTEE
Robert E. Lange. Editor and Committee Chairman, 5054 S.W. 26th Place. Portla nd, OR 97201
Irving W. Anderson Box LC-196 Lewis & Clark College Portland. OR 97219
Paul R. Cutright Donald Jackson
E.G. Chuinard 15537 S. W. Summerfield Lane Tigard, OR 97223
Gary E. Moulton 312 Summit Avenue Jenkintown, PA 19046
3920 Old Stage Road Colorado Springs, CO 80906
Love Library - Univ. Nebraska Lincoln, NE 68588
Bob Saindon 172 Briarwood Helena. MT 59601
Wilbur P. Werner P.O. Box438 Cut Bank. MT 59427
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President Sherman's Message
One evening during a meeting with the Portage Route Chapter of the Foundation at Great Falls, Montana, I made the remark: "I'm surprised that the Harvard Business School hasn't disovered the Lewis and Clark Expedition." I saw eyebrows going up and down and I'm sure that I heard a laugh choked off. Unfortunately, I never did get to explain that remark.
It was economic history that first led me into the Lewis and Clark journey in depth, while searching out the roots of the fur trade. As my awe for that most successful journey increased, I tried to isolate the basic elements that led to its success. My conclusion was that the most salient element was planning.
If you were to seek a graduate degree in business administration today, a principal and primary focus would center on strategic planning. Thomas Jefferson's clear instructions in establishing the "mission" - the basic requirement in strategic planning - is an absolute masterpiece and a tribute to his exceptional mind. It is a model for anytime, and it would lend support to the position some hold - that the true beginning of the Expedition was in Thomas Jefferson's mind.
At our forthcoming 17th Annual Meeting in St. Louis in August, we will be going back in time to examine that city and its economy as it existed when the Lewis and Clark Expedition returned on September 23, 1806. Be there with us to examine the impact of that historic event.
Bill Sherman
Cover Illustration
Our cover illustration often provokes uprisings from Lewis and Clark p'lrists. They say that the dog in the bow of the boat does not appear to be a Newfound· land, and there is a question as to whether or not the ti·icornered (cocked) hat worn by the Captain could have survived such a long journey. We learn from the artist, Stanley Meltzoff, that he had much discussion with the Humble Oil and Refining Company, who commissioned the paint· ing, before it was completed for the company's " Great Moments in American History" calendar, published in 1965. Nevertheless, the famous Expedition's arrival at St. Louis in September 1806 was a "Great Moment in American History" and we are indebted to the Exxon Company for permission to reproduce Meltzoffs work on the cover of this issue - it does portray the " harty welcom" afforded the explorers as they approached the shore of the Mississippi River at St. Louis.
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17th Annual Meeting, St. Louis, Missouri, August 4-7, 1985 Foundation member Winifred " Winnie" George, chairman for this coming August's 17th Annual Meeting of the Foundation, advises that members of record were m ailed annual meeting Information and Registration packets on April 22nd. Augmenting the information contained in the packet, "Winnie" has sent We Proceeded On some additional comments related to the activities planned for annual meeting attendees, and her remarks are transcribed here:
"The visit to the National Park Service's J efferson National Expansion Memorial - The 'Gateway Arch' and the wonderful 'Museum of Westward Expansion' - is a n event scheduled for Sunday evening (registration day) beginning at 7:30 and continuing until the Museum closes at 10:00 PM. The story of the Lewis a nd Clark Expedition is one of many themes developed in the Museum and the spectacular photographic murals of locations along the Lewis and Clark Trail by the noted photographer David Muench 1
and other exhibits related to the Expedition will be of special interest.
"Wh en we walk the few blocks to the Spaghetti Factory in Laclede's Landing2 for lunch, we will arrive at a nine block area of cobblestone streets, brick sidewalks, a nd handsomely renovated nineteenth century warehouses. The sh ops, galleries, and eateries a nd the atmosphere of this area will take you back to the days when St. Louis was a booming frontier and river town. It is alive with Mississippi River excitement, riverboats, history, heritage, a nd fun!"
"A 20 mile bus trip will take us north an~ a long the Mississippi l. Color reproductions of the Muench murals, together with Dan Murphy's delightful and imaginative text related to the Expedition, has been published by K.C. Publications, Las Vegas, Nevada. If you don't have this publication, Lewis and Clark Voyage of Discovery, in your collection, you will find i t at the Museum's bookshop a nd souvenir counter. Muench, at the Foundation's 11th Annual Meeting, Glasgow, Montana, 1979, a nd Murphy, at the Foundation's 13th Annual Meeting, Helena, Montana, 1981, were recipients of the Foundation's Award of Meritorious Achievement ("For outstanding Contributions in Bringin g to this Nation a Greater Awareness and Appreciation of the Lewis and Clark Expedition.")
2. Named for Pierre Laclede Liguest, 1724-1 778, born in Bedous, France, fur trader a nd pioneer wh o came to America in 1755. Recognized ·as a founder of St. Louis, Missouri, where he established a trading post with Auguste Chouteau on the site of the present city in 1764.
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River to Lewis a nd Clark State Park a nd t he Lewis and Clark MemoriaJ.'l The Park is directly across the Mississippi from the mouth of the Missouri River, a nd is in the vicin ity wh ere the Lewis a nd Clark Expedition constructed their winter establishment. Their "Camp Wood" was occupied from December 1803 and until their departure for the westward exploration on May 14, 1804. Sin ce Foundation members visited the Park during the 5th Annual Meeting in 1973, and the 9th Annual Meeting in 1977, the handsome Memorial structure has been constructed and dedicated at a special ceremony on September 27, 1981.4 Lewis and Clark State Park and its development and improvements, including the Memorial, for ma ny years was the specia l undertaking a nd avocation of the late Clarence H. Decker of East Alton, Illinois.5 At the Park and Memoria l we will be greeted by members of The Lewis and Clark Society of America comprised of citizens of the Alton, East Alton, Wood River , and Hartford (Illin oi s) communities, who have, along with Decker, been interested in the preservation and development of the site and State Park since the middle 1960s.
"W hen we visit the Cahokia Mounds Historic Site - the group of prehistoric Indian mounds (one of which is said to be the largest prehistoric earthwork in the United States),6 Dr. Mildred K. Brown will speak to us about 'The French Colonia l Period in Illinois' a nd 'The Prehistoric Cahokia Mounds.' The site is about five miles northeast of St. Louis in Illinois, has been recognized as A World Heritage Site by the United Nation s. From the site of the Mounds we will journey to the village of Cah okia (south and east of St. Louis). The village was founded by the French in 1699 and is one of the first permanent white settlements in Illinois. Our visit will include the Holy Family Church (1790-1797), the Nicholas Jarrot Mansion (1799), a nd the old Courth ouse constructed in 1 735.
"The visit to the most beautiful a nd unique botanical gardens in the United States (a National Historic Landmark) will feature a lecture
3. See WPO, Vol. 5, No. 4, pp. 1, 3; Vol. 8, No. 2, p. 13.
4. See WPO, Vol. 7, No. 4, p. 3.
5. Eighth President of the Foundation (1976~ 1977) and Foundation Treasurer (1973-1984. See a lso, Vol. 10, No. 4, pp. 5-6.
6. Source: Webster's Geographical Dictionary, Revised Edition, 1959.
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and time to visit the 'Climatron' and the 'Linnaean House'.
"When French General Lafayette (a friend of George Rogers and William Clark) visited William Clark a nd General Daniel BisselF in St. Louis in 1 824-1825,~ h e wrote that he was a mazed to see th at many of the citizens h ad established fine homes furnished with elegant items brought from the eastern seaboard. The Bissell residence on nine acres of the original 2300 acre farm has been restored and the interior furnishings project the 1812-1850 period. We will visit the Bissell House which is very similar to the no longer existing William Clark residence and near the location of Clark's home. We will be entertained during our picnic lunch by Nation al Park Service personnel, who have developed a puppet show about Lewis and Clark.
"The city of St. Charles, Missouri, on the Missouri River, is 20 miles northwest of St. Louis. St. Charles was the location of the Foundation's 9th Annual Meetin g in 1977. Our visit this year includes a program portraying the Reenactment of the Court-Martial in the Old State Capitol Building in 1821, and the opportunity to see a keelboat under construction. The design of the Lewis and Clark keelboat is being carefully followed. A noon meal featuring elk stew and other foods of the 1804 period will be served during our St. Ch arles visit.
"We are especially pleased and excited about the three elective activit ies. The Mississippi River DinnerCruise aboard the famous 'Huck Finn ' riverboat is guaranteed to provide attendees with a real St. Louis evening. You will see the city and the 630 foot high Gateway Arch from the river, enjoy a delicious dinner, and entertainment by a real Dixie-land Jazz Band - all in air conditioned comfort!"
The other two elective activities are post meeting activities on Thursday and Friday, August 8 and 9, and the itinerary and details are listed in the 17th Annual Meeting Information and Registration Packet.
7. Bissell was a fifer in the Revolutionary War who became Commandant of Fort Bellefontaine, the U.S. Military establishment and predecessor to the present Jefferson Barracks establishmen t.
8. For more about Lafayette's visit to St. Louis see WPO, Vol. 5, No. 2, p. 9.
(Mo re Annual Meeting Information on pages 4 & 5)
Museum of Westward Expansion - Jefferson National Expansion Memorial - St. Louis
1985 is a double-anniversary year in St. Louis! Fifty years ago (1935) the Jefferson National Memorial was established, and twenty years ago (1965) the Gateway Arch construction was completed.
At 630 feet high, the Gateway Arch is truly an engineering marvel of the 20th century. Dominating the St. Louis skyline, it is a 42,878 ton stainless steel and concrete monument for our time. As you descend into the vi$itor's center beneath the Arch, you will discover an area larger than a football field and the un~que Museum of Westward
....C:"::::;;=:J l;c:~;;;:;:;;;i;;:;;;I """"~~ Expansion. The historic complex, the Arch and the Museum, commemorates the past and present and reveals the pattern of our nation's history between 1800and1900, and is a monument to those people who in the last century accepted the challenge of "The Winning of the West."
(Right) Excerpt from Clark's journal for Sunday, May 5, 1805 (Thwaites, 1:373-374) . . . . in the evening we saw a Brown or Grisley beare on a sand beech, I went out with one man Geo Drewyer & Killed the bear, which was verry large and a turrible looking animal, which we found verry hard to kill we shot ten Balls into him before we killed him, .. This animal is the largest carnivorous kind I ever saw we had nothing that could way him, I think his weight may be stated at 500 pounds, he measured 8 feet 7 Y:! In~ from his nose to the extremity of the Toe, .. his tallents (talon or nail)* was 4 Inches & % long, he was [in] good order, and appeared verry different from the common black bear . ..
The location of the Museum's fine mounted specimen of a grizzly bear does not appear on the floor plan diagram of the Museum shown below. It is conspicuously displayed just outside the entrance to the Museum in the Visitor Center Lobby. Readers will note that other animals (beaver, bison, appaloosa, and longhorn) documented in the journals are part of the exhibits in the Museum.
• Thwaites indicates: "Words reproduced by us in Italics enclosed in parentheses, are corrections [in the manuscript journals] in red ink, presumably by Biddle ... "
Ursus horribilis (Grizzly Bear) Exhibit
Floor Plan - Museum of Westward Expansion
' GEPEE lf ~.
8 EXPLORERS ~ • ... .. ....... A CENTURY OF AMERICAN HISTORY
VISITOR CENTER LOBBY
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Annual Banquet Speaker
Foundation member John Logan Allen, Professor of Geography, University of Connecticut, Storrs, has accepted Foundation President Sherman's invitation to be our 17th Annual Banquet speaker, August 7, 1985.
Dr. Allen is a native of Laramie, Wyoming. He attended the University of Wyoming a nd received his B.A. from that institution in 1963. His graduate training was taken at the University of Wyoming (M.A., 1964) and at Clark University (Massachusetts) where h e was awarded the Ph.D. with distinction in 1969. He joined the faculty at the University of Connecticut in 1967 and was promoted to the rank of Associate Professor in 1973 and to Professor in 1978. During the years 1976 to 1981 he served as the first head of the newly established Department of Geography, and at the end of his five year term resigned to return to full-time teaching a nd research. His service to the University has been extensive and has included two elected terms as a member of the Faculty Review Board.
John Allen's reputation as a scholar is based on two very different areas. Foundation members and Lewis and Clark students and enthusiasts know him best as the author of the fine volume: Passage Through the Garden: Lewis and Clark and the Image of the American Northwest, 1 and he has authored numerous articles and book chapters in the field of exploration and discovery. Current research efforts include the preparation of a book dealing with the explorations of John Ch arles Fremont. Allen is a lso the author and editor of several books and over a dozen articles in 1. University of Illinois Press, Urbana, 1975. Reviewed in WPO, Vol. 1, No. 3.
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the field of environmental planning an d management. He serves as a consultant to the Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection and is a Commissioner of Planning and Zoning of the community of Mansfield where he resides.
One of the most sought-after speakers of the University community, Dr. Allen has presented over 60 public lectures during his tenure at the Connecticut institution and these include five keynote addresses and numerous presentations to national and international professional associations.~ Memberships in professional orga nizations include: the Association of American Geographers; the Society for the History of Discovery; the Western History Association; and the Royal Geographical Society (U.K.).
Attendees at the Foundation's 17th Annual Meeting and Banquet may look forward to John Allen's address, and in a letter to the editor he has revealed that the title of his s poken word will be "In the Wake of the Red Pirogue: Lewis and Clark and the Exploration of the American West, 1806-1845."
2. Familiar to Foundation members are Dr. Allen's participation detailed in We Pruceeded On: See WPO, Vol. 2, No. 3, pp. 8·11; WPO, Vol. 9, No. l , pp. l, 16, 26; Vol. 10, Nos. 2&3, p. 6.
News Notes
The editors of American Heritage m agazin e, to mark the thirtieth anniversary of their publication, asked a number of authors, scholars, and historians the question: "What is the one scene or incident in American history you would like to have witnessed - and why?" Sixty responses to their intenogation were publish ed in the December 1984 (Volume 36, No. 1) issue of American Heritage in a 16 page section of the magazine titled: " I Wish I'd Been There". Lewis and Clark en thusiasts will be interested in knowing that four of the responses connota ted to the Lewis and Clark Expedition: David M. Kennedy, Professor of History, Stanford University, would have liked to have been a member of the exploring party; Don Moser, editor of Smithsonian Magazine, indicates that he would h ave enjoyed being with t he party when from Sherman Peak on the Lolo Trail (present-day Idaho), the exhausted travelers sighted Weippe Prairie and knew that their arduous crossing of the " turrible" (Bitterroot) mountains was over; Dee Brown, retired professor, University of Illinois, says that he
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would have liked to h ave looked over Clark's shoulder, at the estuary. of the Columbia River, as he wrote in his journal, "Ocian in View! O' the joy."; and David Lavendar, well-known historian, told the editors that he would have been pleased to have been in St. Louis on September 23, 1806, when th e Corps of Discovery return ed from the Pacific and fulfilled Jefferson's dream of a continental n ation.
* * * * * * Foundation member Sheila Robinson, Coleharbor, North Dakota, has advised We Proceeded On t h at August E. (Gus) Budde, St. Louis, Missouri, passed away on March 11, 1985, at the age of 82. Gus was a long time Lewis and Clark en thusiast and served this Foundation as its first secretary in 1970, and again h eld that office in 1972. For several years he was employed by the National Park Service in Washington, D.C. and at the Jefferson National Expansion Memoria l in St. Louis. When differences arose with several of his many friends in th e Foundation, he chose, in 1974, to go his own way and to continue th e publication of a little publication which he titled the " Lewis and Clark Trail Newsletter" - a newsletter that he had instigated in the early 1970s. Many Foundation members recognized his extensive knowledge of the Lewis and Clark Expedition and the history of the American west, continued to carry on conespondence with him a nd enjoyed his friendship.
* * * * * * The Seventeenth Annual Dakota History Conference was held April 11-13, 1985, at the Karl Mundt Library, Dakota State College, Madison, South Dakota. There were twenty-two sessions, attended by 147 registrants, during the three day event. The papers presented dealt with a wide range of subjects: (Prairie Personalities; Prairie Architecture; Prairie Society, Schools, and Politics; Recording the Past -Teaching History; Music on the Prairie; Dakota History; Writers and Ideas; Transportation, Railroads; Running Water; Mining; and Indian People). At the Friday, April 12th Luncheon, Foundation member Sheila Robinson, Coleharbor, North Dakota, addressed 94 individuals and the title of her paper was "Lewis and Clark in Dakota". At a Saturday, April 13th morning session, Foundation members Fred and Darlene Trende, Rosholt, South Dakota, presented "Notes and Slides: Visiting the 1805 Camp Sites of Lewis and Clark's 18 Mile Portage of the Great Falls of the Missouri River."
A Jefferson Monument (Tombstone) On the University of Missouri Campus
Jean Tyree Hamilton1
"Educate and inform the whole mass of people . .. They are the only sure reliance
for the preservation of our liberty.,,
Students of the Lewis and Clark Expedition are cognizant that it was Thomas Jefferson who conceived a nd implemented the exploring enterprise and set the patterns for the westward expansion of our country. Many Lewis and Clark enthusiasts and Foundation members are also students and admirers of our nation's third president.
Few members of the Foundation, however, are aware that Thomas Jefferson ' s original (Monticello) tombstone stands in the Francis Quadrangle on the campus of the University of Missouri, Columbia. The Quadrangle was the original campus of the University, created by the Missouri State Legislature in 1839, and was the first such insitution established in the territory involved with the Louisiana Purchase.2
Writing about the tombstone, often referred to as the University's "Jefferson Monument" , William Peden writes:
On the campus of the University of Missouri in Columbia stands a roughhewn block of granite surmounted by a weather-beaten obelisk approximately six feet in height. This scarred and battered monument is the original tombstone that for half a century [1833-1883] marked the grave of Thomas Jefferson at Monticello [Virginia]. Its history, including the details which culminated in its being presented as a gift to the University of Missouri in Boone Coun ty, Mis· souri, is a chequered one.
Shortly after Jefferson's death on July 4, 1826, his descendants found among his personal effects the rough sketch of a tombstone and directions for its inscription. "Could the dead," Jefferson had written on the back of a partially-mutila ted envelope, "feel any interest in Monuments or other
1. Editor's note: J ean Ha milton, Marshall, Missouri, and the late Henry W. "Ham" Hamilton have been regular attendees at Foundation Annual Meetings since 1973. (See WPO, Vol. 2, No. 4, pp. 8-9; Vol. 10, No. 4, p. 21.) This monograph by Jean Hamilton reveals another bit of interesting information for Lewis and Clark and Thomas Jefferson enthusiasts.
2. Official Manuel of the State of Missouri 1975-1976. Jefferson City, p. 423.
remembrances of them," he would be gratified by a "plain die or cube ... surmounted by an Obelisk" bearing the words:
"Here was buried I Thomas Jefferson I Author of the Declaration of American Independance I of the Statute of Virginia for religious freedom I & Father of the University of Virginia."3
Such a monument was eventually erected at Jefferson's burial site on the grounds of Monticello, but not until 1833, seven years after his death. His instructions were followed to the letter, with one exception. The granite specified for the obelisk proved to be too coarse and it was impossible to cut the inscriptions into the face of the ston e. Instead, the words were carved upon a marble plaque a nd the plaque was set into one of the four faces of the obelisk. It was Jefferson who specified that the memorial be made of " ... the coarse stone of which my columns" are made, that no one might be tempted hereafter to destroy it for the value of the materials."
The years brought poverty to Monticello and neglect and vandalism to the simple monument. Undeterred by the iron gates and high brick wall that enclosed the burial place, souvenir hunters chipped splinters from the monument itself and the marble plaque bearing the inscriptions was loosened from the obelisk. Fortunately it was rescued from destruction by a Lieutenant Levi, who gave the plaque to Thomas Jefferson Randolf for safe keeping.5
3. Peden, William, The Jefferson Monument at the University of Missouri, University of Mis· souri, Columbia. 18 pages, n.p.
4. Probably the reference is to the columns used in the construction of Jefferson's home at Monticello.
5. Lieutenant Uriah Leyy, U.S. Nayy, an admirer of Jefferson, purchased the property in 1836 and used Monticello as a summer residence. The graveyard at the site was, however, retained "with free access" to the Jefferson family. The marble plaque when it was separnted from the stone column was given to Randolf (Jefferson's grandchild) who gave the plaque along with the cube and obelisk to the University of Missouri in 1884 or 1885.
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Thomas Jefferson
In 1878 a Congressional Resolution appropriated monies for a replacemen t monument, but the project bogged down. Again in 1882, Congress appropriated $10,000. This was twice the earlier sum. In midApril 1883, the new and larger monument weighing about 16,000 pounds a rrived and was installed at the grave site at Monticello.
Understandably, Jefferson's heirs had been deluged with requests for the original tombstone. The quest to acquire and bring the monument to the University of Missouri originated with Dr. Frederick Fleet, professor of Greek at the University and a graduate of the University of Virginia. Th e University's president, Samuel S. Laws, a lso a Virginian, supported Dr. Fleet, and their efforts led to the gift of the stone and plaque by certain great-grandchildren of Thomas Jefferson to the University at Columbia, Missouri. It is apparent that Dr. Laws personally underwrote the expenses involved with the moving of the monument. Dr. Fleet journeyed to Monticello to arrange for the shipment of the base, obelisk, a nd plaque to the University's campus.6
Placed in the Francis Quadrangle, it was unveiled on July 4, 1885, with appropriate ceremony during the institution's commencement services.7
In 1976 the monument was given a new setting in the Francis Quadrangle as part of the University's observance of the nation's bicentennial. This included a new concrete base, a brick-paved courtyard and evergreen plantings. At the dedication of the new setting in April 1976, Cancellor Herbert Schooling made the observation that the monument would continue to remind those who frequent the campus and pass this location daily that Mr. Jeffersson considered his founding of the University of Virginia to be one of his major accomp-
6. Peden, op. cit.
7. Shoemaker, Floyd C., "For A Patriot, 'Not a Word More' '', Missouri Historical Review, Vol. XLIX, No. 3, April 1955, Columbia. Page 423.
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(Left) Jefferson's handwritten design and suggested inscription for his tombstone. (Right) The tombstone at its first location on the University of Missouri campus. In 1976, the tombstone-monument was moved to its present location (see illustration on page 8) where it now resides in a brick-paved courtyard on the University's Francis Quadrangle. The date on the cube shaped base shows Jefferson's birthdate as "April 2, 1743 O.S. ", the O.S. referring to the old style calendar in use when he was born. Today's calendars indicate April 13th as his date of birth. The recessed portion on the face of the obelisk is where the marble plaque bearing the inscription written by Jefferson was originally installed. The plaque is presently kept in a vault in the University 's Administration Building except for the annual celebrations of Jefferson 's birthday, when it is placed on display. (See also, WPO, Vol. 4, No. 2, p. 11.)
lishments. Schooling stated that " ... the establishment of the University of Missouri in the territory Jefferson had acquired will continue to be a most important accomplishment ... "in Missouri. As we shall see reported later in this monograph, several ceremonies are held at the site of the monument a nnually; a nd these events signify an awareness of Jefferson's great faith in education which prompted his statement: "Educate and inform the whole mass of people ... They are the only sure reliance for the preservation of our liberty."
As late as 1982 efforts were still being made to secure the return of the tombstone to Virginia. At that time L. Carey Bankhead, president of the Monticello Association, supported leaving "things as they are." In a letter to the editor of the St. Louis Post Dispatch, he remarked: "The family [Jefferson's descendants] has no intention of dishonoring its gift of the original tombstone to the University of Missouri, where it s tands as evidence of Mr. Jefferson's tremendous interest in
We Proceeded On, May 1985
the education of succeeding generations."8
The University of Missouri, the first institution of learning in the Trans Mississippi West, honors the third president of our nation by naming its most prestigious award, "The Jefferson Award", presented annually to a facul ty member who " ... through personal influence and performance of duty to teaching, writing and scholarship, character and influence, devotion a nd loyalty to the University best exemplifies the principles and ideals of Thomas Jefferson. "9 The award carries a stipend of $1000.
In 1984, this high honor was conferred upon Dr. Carl H. Chapman, who long-time Foundation members will remember as the Secretary of the Lewis and Clark Trail Committe of Missouri. Dr. Chapman participated in the early activities
8. "Jefferson Tombstone Controversy Laid To Rest", Missouri Alumnus, Vol. 73, No. 1, September-October 1984, Columbia. Pages 4 & 5.
9. The verbiage or citation on The Jeffe rson A ward.
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of the committee. A traveler a long the trail of the famous explorers, he was with a group who made a float trip from present-day Billings, Montana, down the Yellowstone River to its confluence with the Missouri. Chapman will also be remembered as the scholar on that Committee who strongly advoca ted that sites marked with the Lewis and Clark Trail Logo be authenticated by the Expedition's journals.
In his acceptance address, Dr. Chapman, Professor of Anthropology and Research Professor in American Archaeology, said in part:
I became thoroughly involved with Thomas Jefferson's concepts a nd ideals when I was Secretary of the Missouri Lewis and Clark Trail Committee and representative of Missouri's Governor at the Congres· sional Lewis and Clark Trail Commission 10 meetings at different loca-
10. Public La w 88-630 (1964·1969). Upon the r etirement of the Commission in 1969, the Lewis and Clark Tra il Heritage Founda tion, Inc. was organized, June 27, 1970, St. Louis, MO.
tions along the Expedition's Trail from Illinois to Oregon. Although Jefferson did not accompany the expedition in person, he had a thorough hand in its organization and direction. It was to be a scientific expedition to note the ethnology, geography, geology, palentology, botany and zoology of the Louisiana Territory. Ifeel that I have been more fortunate than Jefferson - for I have visited first-hand most of the major points of interest a long the Trail, including a trip down the Yellowstone in a replica of a double-dugout canoe used by the explorers on th eir return journey [in 1806].
I first became interested in Thomas Jefferson 's life when I came to the University of Missouri 38 years ago as Director of American Archaeology .... A colleague, Maurice Mook, h ad written about J efferson as an archaeologist, and reading that really piqued my interest. Among his many accomplishments, Jefferson was an amateur archaeologist and for his time he surpassed all others in scien· t ific techniques in the excavation and interpretation oflndian mounds. His archaeological work anticipated the fundemental approach and method of archaeology by about 100 years. He left a legacy, part of which I feel I have inherited today."11
It was fitting that the Thomas Jefferson Award Ceremony on May 14, 1984, for Dr. Chapman, took place in the Jefferson Monument Quadrangle, where the original Jefferson tombstone-monument from Monticello is now located on the University of Missouri Campus in Columbia Missouri.
11. "Carl Chapman Honored With Thomas Jefferson Award", Missouri Archaeological Quarterly, Vol. I, No. 1, April-June, 1984, Pages 4 &5.
Author's note: It is of interest that the monument was removed from the University's campus and loaned for display on the grounds of th e Louisiana Purchase Exposition (St. Louis World's Fair) during 1904. Dr. Peden indicates that a few years later (1907) the James town Exposition entrepreneurs asked for a similar loan for display on their grounds. The apprehensive Missouri University Curators declined " ... for fear that if it were ever taken to Virg inia ... " it might never be returned to Missouri.
Indian Peace Medals Exhibit and Catalog Foundation Director Robert Taylor, Washington D.C., has been kind enough to provide We Proceeded On with details a nd an appraisal of an exhibit at The National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian I nstitution in Washington. Bob reports that the exhibit is " . .. highly specialized, small , and excellent" and is scheduled to have future display at three other locations. The Washington D. C. exhibit was in place from Jan-
Dr. Carl H. Chapman, Professor of Anthropology and Research Professor of American Archaeology, University of Missouri, Columbia, is pictured in the University's Francis Quadrangle near to the Jefferson Tombstone-Monument. In 1984, Dr. Chapman was the recipient of the University's prestigious award, "The J efferson Award" (see text). Long-time Foundation members will recall that Dr. Chapman served as Secretary of the Missouri Governor's Lewis and Clark Trail Committee of Missouri, and as a Missouri representative for the Congressional Lewis a nd Clark Trail Commission 10
(see text).
uary 18 to April 21, 1985, and will be exhibited at the Buffalo Bill Historic Center, Cody, Wyoming, from June 1 to September 2, 1985; at the Joslyn Museum, Omaha, Nebraska, from September 28 to November 10, 1985; and at t he Denver Museum of Natural History, Denver , Colorado, from November 30, 1985, to February 2, 1986.
The t hirty-two page catalog publi sh ed in con junction with th e Washington exhibit will h ave appeal to Lewis and Clark bibliophiles, because of the Washington and J efferson Peace Meda ls carried and distributed to the Indians encountered by Lewis and Clark. This beautifully produced and illustrated publication with the text written by Fran cis Paul Prucha is titled: Peace and Friendship: Indian Peace Medals in the United States. Foundation members having a n interest in Indian peace medals will recall that Francis Paul Prucha, S.J., Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, has previously made a major contribution to the literature related to this s ubject in his 186 page book Indian Peace Medals in American History, State Historical Society of Wisconsin, Madison, 1971. (The University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln, has published a reprint of the original edition by arrangements with the State Historical Society of Wiscon sin.)
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To order the thirty-two page catalog described above, direct your request to: Smithsonian Institution, Museum Shops, P.O. Box 44083, Washin gton D.C. 20026. Enclose $2.25 to cover cost of publication, handling and postage.
Foundation Gift Memberships If you have someone on your gift list who is interested in American history and the contribution of the Lewis and Clark Expedition to our nation 's westward expansion, a membership in the Foundation, which includes the quarterly issues of We Proceeded On, would be an appreciated gift.
The Foundation has an attractive gift membership card which will list you as the spon sor of a membership . Send your gift membership fee together with the na me. of the gift recipient and the occasion (friendship, birthday, graduation, or holiday) you wish to honor to the Membership secretary whose address appears on page two.
We Proceeded On, May 1985
' l
\ J
The Lewis and Clark Exposition Gold Dollar
By Gerald R. Holcomb, M.D. 1
Collecting coins is a fascinating hobby a nd has been a pastime for many since the days of the ancient Greeks and Romans. A most interesting facet is the history which coins represent. This is particularly true of commemorative coins which differ in several ways from the everyday coins used in commerce. First, their origins require a special Act of Congress since by law no change can be made in the design of any denomination of regular coinage more often than every 25 years. The pattern to appear on a com· memorative coin is not legislated and the design of both the obverse and the reverse of the coin appropriate for the occasion to be celebrated may be acceptable provided the sponsoring committee and the Treasury Department a pprove. In· stead of delivery to banks, the Treasury or th e Federal Reserve Banks, commemorative coins are received by the commission respon· sible for suggesting them. Although turned over at face value to the group requesting them, the commis· sion markets the coins for a price generally dependent on the quan· tity minted but usually well above the face value of the coin. The profits which accure are a form of fundraising for the benefit of the particular celebration. With few exceptions, the actual usage of commemorative coins in everyday trade is negligible, although each coin strict· ly is legal tender and could be spent. The first commemorative coin of the United States was struck in 1892 and marked the discovery of America by Columbus 400 years earlier.
Although mint records are incomplete, a gold dollar was a uthorized by an Act of Congress of April 13, 1904, to celebrate the lOOth anni· versary of the exploration of the Louisiana Territory and Oregon country by Lewis a nd Clark and the Corps of Discovery and the (1904· 1905) Lewis and Clark Exposition held in Portland, Oregon, in their honor.
The Act of Con gress which authorized the minting of the Lewis and Clark Exposition gold dollars reads:
(Extract from Public Law No. 111 -58th Congress.)
Sec. 6. That upon the approval of this Act the Secretary of the Treasury shall , upon the request of the Lewis and Clark Centennia l and the American Pacific Exposition and Oriental Fair Company, caused to be coined at the mints of the United States not to exceed 250,000 gold dollars, of legal weight and fitness, to be known as the Lewis and Clark Exposition gold dollar, struck in commemoration of said exposition. The words, devices, a nd designs upon said gold dollars shall be determined and predescribed by the Secretary of the Treasury, and all provisions of law relative to the coinage and lega l-tender quality of all other gold coin shall be applicable to the coin issued under and in accordance with the provisions of this Act. That the said coins shall be disposed of by the Secretary of the Treasury to the said Lewis and Clark Centennial and America n Pacific Exposition and Oriental Fair Company at pa r, under rules and regulations and in amounts to be prescribed by him ... Approved April 13, 1904
Profits were to be used to finance completion of a bronze memorial to Sacagawea in Portland. 2
Unlike the Louisiana Purchase Exposition which it immediatley followed, the Lewis a nd Clark Exposition was not designated a n international exposition a nd Congress did not authorize the president to extend foreign invitations. Nevertheless, 16 nations accepted invitations to exhibit from th e sponsors. These plus displays dealing with the fish ing, forestry and mining industries, seven major exhibition buildings, and conventional attractions result· ed in a 406-acre exposition that attracted 2,500,000 visitors during the period from June 1 to October 14, 1905.
During September 1904, the Phila· delphia Mint stxuck 25,000 Lewis and Clark dollars plus an extra 28 used for assay. These remained in vaults for nearly a year as the exposition opened on June 1, 1905. It is said that a certain Farran Zerby sold the Lewis and Clark souvenir dollars at $2.00 apiece from an
exhibit in the Manufacturers Building on the Exposition site. In March and June of 1905 the Mint made 35,000 dollars with a 1905 date,' 41 extras for assay. The Exposition closed October 14, 1905, and at that time only 9,997 of the coins dated 1904 and only 10,000 of those dated 1905 had been sold. Th e other 1905 coins never left the Mint and were later melted. Thus, of 60,000 pieces minted, 10,000 of each date were distributed and 40,000 were melted, thus accounting for its relative rarity.
The Lewis a nd Clark gold coin is quite small, measuring 14112 mm in diameter. For comparison, the diameter of a modern dime is about 18 mm. Although it is not known for its attractiveness, the Lewis and Cla rk gold coin possesses the distinction of being the only U.S.minted coin having the likeness of two actua l persons on the coin. Lewis is on the obverse facing left and Clark on the reverse, also facing left.
Among the 11 gold commemorative coins ma de between 1903 and 1926, the Lewis and Clark dollars are considered to be the most rare. Readers wishing to own a Lewis and Clark dollar should know they are not inexpensive. In recent years, the low price for either the 1904 or 1905 coin was about $825 and this occurred in 1976. In 1980, the coin reached a high of about $5,000. The price dipped to about $3,000 in 1982 and has n ow risen to the $4,000 range. These prices are asked for a coin which has not been circulated and is in superb condition (MS-65). Some coin dealers estimate that specimens in superb condition could sell for as much as $20,000 in just a few years. Certainly, coins that ·have been circulated a nd are worn and not in the best condition can be obtained for much less money, often at about 1110 the cost of a n uncirculated, mint state coin.
1. Editor's Note: Foundation member Gerald R. Holcomb, M.D., Rochester, Minnesota is on the staff of the Mayo Clinic in the Department of Hema tology and Internal Medicine. Dr. Holcomb's let ter to the editor some time ago told of his interest in numismatics a nd noted that nothing had a ppeared in We Proceeded On relating to the rare a nd unique 1904·1905 U.S. minted commemorative Lewis a nd Clark Exposition gold dollar. His offer to provide an article for our publication about the gold dolla r was eagerly accepted, and we are indebted to Dr. Holcomb for his contribution.
2. Miss Alice Cooper, Denver, Colorado, working under the direction of famous sculptor Lorado Taft, created the well known bronze, heroic size, statute "Sacajawea" (sic) . In the early 1900s, Eva Emery Dye (Oregon author of Th.e Conquest) was president of a n association of women residing in 01·egon and the "Trail States" frequented by the Indian woman clui·ing the time she was a member of the exploring plUty. This association raised money to fund creation of the statue. During the centennial exposition on " Sacajawea Day", July 6, 1905, the bronze was unveiled on one of the terraces at the exposition grounds. Following the exposition, the statute was moved to its permanent site in Portland's Washington Park. (See also, WPO, Vol. 6, No. 1, p. 12.)
We Proceeded On, May 1985 -9-
Book Review By Robert C. Carriker'
L ewis and Clark among the Indians, by James P. Ronda, University of Nebraska Press, 1984. Illustrations, Bibliography, Notes, Maps, Index. xvii plus 310 pages. $24.95.
This book is as good as stated in both its previews and its press releases. For several years, while this book was being researched a nd written, Foundation members were given several "Previews of Coming Attractions ." Professor Ronda delivered the 1981 Banquet Address at the Thirteenth Annual Meeting,2 he also authored an article in We Proceeded On" followed by a paper at th e 1982 Western History Association, in addition to participation in 1983 conference on "Mapping the North America n Plains" sponsored by the Center for Great Plains Studies at the University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Most recently Ronda previewed the content of his book at the "Enligh tenment Science in th e Pacific North west" symposium at Lewis & Clark College (Portla nd) in February 1984. In each instance Ronda's efforts were well received by Foundation ·members, Indian historia ns, a nd scholars of the westward movement. Upon completion of the manuscript, but before its release to the public in December 1984, the book was simultaneously nominated for both the Pulitizer Prize in American History, and the Ray A. Billington Prize in American Frontier Hisotry by the Organization of American Historians. To say that Foundation members have wai ted in impatient anticipation for h ardbound copies of this volume is an understatement. But the wait has been worth it.
Lewis and Clark among the Indians is a la ndmark publication. In combination with the several works of Dona ld J ackson and Paul R. Cutright, plus the continuing editing task of Gary Moulton for th e new edition of the journals, Professor Ronda's cogent observations in the book under review place the study of the Corps of Discovery on a new, higher, level of schola rship. Carefully combining the findings of a nthropologists, archaeologists, and historia ns, Ronda presents a n eth nohistory of the complex India n-
l. Foundation Director Carrike r is on the facu lty of the Department of History, Gonzaga University, Spokane, Washington. (See. WPO, Vol. 9, No. 4, pg. 17; Vol. 11, No. 1, pp. 8, 17, 18.)
2. Transcribed in WPO, Vol. 7, No. 4, pp. 12-17.
3. In WPO, Vol. 7, No. 3, pp. 12-13
white rela tions experienced, and recorded, by Lewis and Clark.
Ronda is firm in his belief that the India n s met by Lewis a nd Clark were essential to the success of the expedition. Though President Th omas J efferson may have encouraged h is explorers to catagorize Native American culture in terms th at portrayed the fodia ns as lit t le more than a field investigation or as part of some great Enlightenment experiment, the expedition quickly found the India n 's input was _not only desira ble but necessary. Nati ve Americans were relied upon to supply maps, route information, translations, food, horses, a nd especially, friendship, to the strangers passing through their territory.
As recorders of ethnographic information (as opposed to ethnological informa tion, which is a crucial distinction to Ronda) Lewis, a nd secondarily Clark , get h igh marks. Their mini-essays on the India ns at Fort Manda n, and also amon g the Shoshoni, Nez Perce, and Chinooks, are excellent, th ough Ronda cautions that their observations were mostly concerned with external, or material culture among the tribes. The two Captains however, were not as successful as diplomats among the Indians. Their view of the Indian geo-political world was simplistic a t best, ill-informed and clouded by Euro-American cultural prej udices at worst. If the captains failed to persuade th e Indians to become children of a distant father, writes Ronda, it was also because the India ns were politically sovereign and not yet dependent upon white man's desires. In 1804-06 they could afford to be arrogant to th e diplomatic dema nds of Lewis a nd Clark inasmuch as they were politically potent in their own territory .
It is in this area of explaining th e complex political-economic-cultural relation ship s among the Indians that Ronda excels. Step-by-step he instructs the reader in the ra mifications of the Middle Missouri trade system into which Lewis and Clark were entering the American fur companies, the desire of the Rocky Mountain Indians for guns so as to off-set the advantage of other tribes who were bein g supplied by th e British tra ders above the fortynineth parallel , and, finally, the link between the P lateau tribes and the Pacific trade system centered at the Da lles on the Columbia River with its proximity to European trade goods. Ronda's book is filled with insights, but those on the connetion between inter-tribal economics, int ernational politics, a nd internal
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culture are, in this reviewer's estimation, the most significant.
Ethnohistory can easily become ponderous to even the most devoted reader of sch olarly tomes. But Ronda and the University of Nebraska Press have t a ken great pains to enjoin a lucid writing style with a pleasing format (the type looks smaller than normal, but is, in fact, just as readable as Ronda's prose.) The book has a symmetry, a rhythm, that makes it enticing, even alluring, reading. Comparisons a nd references to activities at the extended camp at Fort Clatsop, for example, a re contrasted with those at Fort Mandan, and then alluded to further when the expedition spends nearly a month among the N ez Perce at Camp Chopunnish on the Clearwater River on the return journey.
Ronda clearly has a high regard for the Native Americans met by Lewis and Clark. Sacagawea is given her realistic due, but Ronda reserves his special praise for the contributions of previously un hearlded men such as Sh eheke, Cameahwait, Old Toby, and Twisted Hair. In like manner, Ronda clarifies several previously misund erstood Indian cultura l practices, s uch as the use of women for trade advantage or spiritual power , though his justification of the petty thievery and harassment by the Columbia River tribes falls sh ort of a satisfactory explanation. The poin t is that Ronda h as produced not only a readable book, but a balanced one as well.
Lewis and Clark among the I ndians is n ot a mere retelling of the Lewis and Clark Expedition. It is a scholarly book of insight based upon a n exhaustive investigation of a vast literature on the Corps of Discovery and their India n hosts. The promise of the book that Foundation members h ave been waiting for since 1981 has been fulfilled.
New Book Relates to L. & C. at the Mandans
The University of Oklahoma Press has issued a prospectus describing a new volume: Early Fur Trade on the Northern Plains: Ca nadian Traders Among the Mandans and Hidatsa Indians, 1738-1 818: The Narratives of John Macdonell, David Thompson, Francois-A ntoine Larocque, and Charles McKenzie.1 The work is edited by Foundation member W. Raymond Wood,2 P rofessor of Anthropology, University of Missouri, Columbia, and Thomas D. Thiessen, Super-
We Proceeded On, May 1985
visory Archaeologist, National Park Service, Lincoln, Nebraska.
Among the narratives/ journals reproduced and annotated in this collection is the especially good documentation of the dealings between whites and the Mandans and Hidatsas for the period 1 790 to 1806, when several literate traders and the explorers Lewis and Clark visited and wintered in or near the Indian villages. The several traders recorded their experiences and impressions of the visitors in lively, colorful narratives. Students of the Lewis and Clark Expedition will n ote the documentations ofFrancoisAntoine Laroque, the Northwest Company fur trader who lived with the Mandans while Lewis and Clark and their party wintered at their Fort Mandan. It was Laroque who made numerous comments concerning the Expedition, its leaders, and its goals. He was also unsuccessful in making a request to accompany the Expedition.a
1. 400 pa ges, 13 illus trations, 3 maps, notes, appendix, references, index, 61/, x 91/1, July 1985, $29. 95.
2. Dr. Wood has been a contributor to We Pro· ceeded On. See: Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 10-16; Vol. 10, 1, pp. 13-15.
3. See: Thwaites, Vol. 1, p . 252; Coues, Vol. 1, p. 228.
Back-Issues ofWPO Back-issues of We Proceeded On are available for purchase. Some early issues are paper plate photo-offset r eproductions of the original publications and the quality of the illustrations are slightly depreciated. Present-day printing and mailing costs require that back-issues be supplied at $2.00 each to Foundation members, and at $2.50 each to nonmembers. You may request a copy of a "WPO Feature Story Prospectus", which lists the titles, etc., of feature stories that have appeared in We Proceeded On and in WPO Supplementary Publications. A recapitulation of book reviews that have been published in We Proceeded On is also included in this prospectus.
Address requests for specific back-issues, or for the "WPO Feature Story Prospectus" to: 5054 S.W. 26th P lace, Portland, OR 97201. Remittances should be made payable to the Foundation .
Updating Lewis & Clark In Recent Periodicals George Ehr lich, Professor of Art H istory, University of Missouri, Kansas City, has contributed an article of interes t in the January 1985 (Vol. CVIV) issue of The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography. 1 Related to the proposed publication outlined by Meriwether Lewis and publisher Conrad in their April 1807 prospectus, Ehrlich's treatise is titled: "The 1807 Plan for an Illustrated Edition of the Lewis and Clark Expedition". The author points out that documented exploration of that time originating in Europe included illustrations, and cites as examples the three British circumnavigations of Cook, and the voyages of Englishman Vancouver and Frenchman La Perouse.
Working with his Philadelphia publisher, C. & A. Conrad Co., Lewis envisioned a remarkably ambitious publication about the Expedition that would include maps, illustrations of plants and animals, renditions of the scenery (the Great Falls
(continued on page 12)
1. The quarterly publication of The Historical Society of Pennsylvania, 1300 Locust Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107.
Youngstown University Exhibit Related to Director Ronda's New Book (Relates to Book Review on Facing Page)
·~\ J ~ J, I u: ... rt11 , :i
LEWIS AND CLARK: THE
n ~. ill ~Iii 1:a ~ iflJ =H o Do
WAY
"Lewis and Clark: The Way West" was the title of an attractive exhibit at the Maag Library - Youngstown State University, Youngstown, Ohio. The display was in place during January and February 1985. The exhibit highlighted aspects of the famous Lewis and Clark Expedition and celebrated the publication of James P. Ronda's new book Lewis and Clark among the Indians (see review in this issue of WPOJ. The exhibit was designed by Jim Ronda and was built by the YSU Media Center.
We Proceeded On, May 1985 -11-
of the Missouri and the falls and narrows of the Columbia), and several plates illustrating the appearance, dress and weapons of the several India n nations encountered by the exploring party. As bibliophiles of Lewis and Clark literature know, the projected publication described in the prospectus never materialized. In addition to the explanation usually advanced that the failure was due to Lewis's personal and official problems that inhibited him from producing a manuscript, Ehrlich conjectures that perhaps the publishing art at that time in Philadelphia was not capable of producing extensively illustrated, multivolume books comparable to those produced in Europe. He adds the observation that: " ... how could acceptable illustrations be created to meet exactin g ethnographic and scientific criteria, when there was no artist on the Expedition?"
Readers will find that the author details Lewis's search for and engagement of several artists (Peale, Wilson, Pursh, de Saint Mernin, and Barralet) and the contributions they were to make for the publication. Problems involved with cost and productions of engravings are cited, as well as to the price that people would be willing to pay for such an elaborate publication. He deals with William Clark's involvement, following Lewis's death in 1809, to bring some type of narrative based on the manuscript journals into print. This effort, after considerable delay, resulted in the two volume paraphrase edited by Nicholas Biddle and published by Bradford & Inskeep in 1814. The success of the earlier (1807) paraphrase of the journa l kept by the Expedition's Sergeant Patrick Gass is described a nd the indication is that the public's curiosity about the exploring enterprise was at least partially satisfied. There were six more Gass editions printed between 1808 and 1814 - three editions in Europe (London, Paris, and Weimar) and three editions published in Philadelphia by Mathew Carey (1810, 1811, and 1812). It was Carey who did add six full-page illustrations and Ehrlich describes these as: "At best ... rather naive depictions which superficially connected to the text." The Gass journal paraphrase without a doubt satisfied a part of the expected market for the Lewis-Conrad work extolled in the prospectus.
Having explained the problems and conditions that resul ted in the failure of producing Lewis's ambitious 1807 plan for the production of an illustrated edition, Ehrlich turns to
the present and concludes his exposition by saying:
"The lure of the expedition, however, continues to attract attention, and the new and comprehensive edition of the ma'J>s and journals is being published by the University of Nebraska Press. With its appearance, we will once again renew our regret over the paucity of illustrations authentic to the time and places of the expedition. And though the work of George Catlin and Karl Bodmer does provide relevant visual information, it was done a generation later and is far too limited in its range of subjects. The disappointment of Jefferson and his contemporaries in the failure of the 1807 plan for a fully illustrated documentation of 'Lewis and Clark's Tour to the Pacific Ocean' is a disa ppoin tmen t we recognize, perh aps especially so, today."
Recent Meetings: The OREGON (GOVERNOR'S) LEWIS AND CLARK TRAIL COMMITTEE held a quarterly meeting on Saturday, March 16, 1985. Chairman Ch uinard called the meeting to order at 10:00 A.M. and 16 members of the committ ee were present. Three new committee members appointed by Oregon Governor Atiyeh: Florence Bookhultz, Cannon Beach; Malcolm Buffum and Lauren Aimonetto, both of Por tland, were introduced. Aimonetto is the committee's representative for Colon el Friedenwald of the Army Corps of Engineers.
Roy Craft, chairman of the State of Washington Lewis and Clark Trail Committee, attended the meeting and reported on the forthcoming (May 4, 1985) Annual WashingtonOregon Lewis and Clark Symposium to be held in Pomeroy, Washington and Lewiston, Idaho. This year's symposium will include members of the Idaho (Governor's) Lewis and Clark Trail Committee, who will have a part in the program.1
Items on the agenda for the committee's meeting included the following: a motion recommending that th e terminology "Salt Works" be the official designation, in lieu of "Salt Cairn" for the Expedition's salt making establishment in present-day Seaside, Oregon - nomenclature suggested by the staff at the NPS Fort Clatsop National Memorial;2 the receipt of a letter from l. A report of this important meeting will appear in the August (Vol. 11, No. 3) 1985 issue of WPO. 2. A s uggestion by the editor of WPO in 1974 that met with much opposition.
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David Talbot, Oregon State Parks Administrator, indicating that $5,000 has been allocated in the State Park's budget for Lewis and Clark Trail signing in Oregon; a report by committee member Florence Bookhultz regarding Whale .Site Park (wh ere members of the Expedition visited the stranded whale on· the Pacific Ocean shore in January 1806) a development by the city of Cann on Beach Parks Commission which will include an interpretive sign with a legend supplied by the committee; and " Lead Agency" activity: application to include the community of Cascade Locks, Oregon (on the Columbia River east of Portland) in the Lewis and Clark National Historic Trail; and a renewed investigation toward the development of the trail from Fort Clatsop to the Salt Works and the beached whale site. The minutes of the meeting reveal that the decision has been made for the choice of the site for the proposed Lewis and Clark Pageant. The site selected is the Cullaby Lake location in Clatsop County, Oregon (off Highway 101, midway between Seaside and the NPS Fort Clatsop National Memorial). The Lewis and Clark Historical Pageant, Inc., is the name for the organization seeking to develop, staff, and fund the undertaking. There was a discussion concerning the planning for the national Foundation's 18th Annual Meeting to be held in Oregon in 1986. Committee members Michael Bordeaux and Malcolm Buffum have been investigating sites for activities, motelhotel facilities, etc. Buffum is the individual appointed by national President William Sherman for the selection of the Foundation's annual meeting site(s). Program for the meeting will be the responsibility of the 18th Annual Meeting Program Committee to be appointed by the Foundation's 1985-1986 president. Oregon Committee Chairman Chuinard has had exchanges of correspondence with 1st Vice President (President-Elect) Ed win Wang, and dates have been confirmed for August 17-20, 1986, and the proposed pageant will be a featured event during the course of the annual meeting.
Regarding the choice of a site for an Interpretive Building for the Lewis and Clark Nature Trail in Lewis and Clark State Park (east of Portland near Troutdale, Oregon), Chairman Chuinard read from a recent letter from David Talbot, Oregon State Parks Administrator, which reiterated firm opposition to locating the Interpretive Building adja-
We Proceeded On, May 1985
cent to the Nature Trail. Chuinard h ad asked ifthere might be a re-evaluation of this stand in view of the n on-developmen t of the land between Highway I-84 and the railroad. Th ere was considerable discussion and the point was raised as to whether or not an Interpretive Building might still be constructed in this area. The discussion ended with committee member Roger Mackaness presenting a motion that the city of Troutdale consider approaching Oregon State Parks to develop some a rra ngement to acquire or manage Lewis and Clc:irk State Park. The motion was approved unanimously.
Th e meeting, without luncheon, was adjourned at 3:15 P.M.
* * * * * * The P ORTAGE ROUTE CH APTER of the national Foundation, Great Falls, Monta na, continues to hold monthly meetings, and since last reported in WPO this vital and enthusiastic organization h as h eld meetings on January 28th, February 15, March 25, and April 22nd. At the March meeting, Bob Singer, Fort Benton, owner-operator of the Missouri River Outfitters, Inc., presented a slide-illustrated talk of the Missouri River White Cliffs area (sixteen ch a pter members are planning a float trip with Singer through the area this coming July 13th). Wilbur Werner, Cut Bank, will speak at the organization 's May 20th meeting about th e two Lewis and Clark locales in Glacier a nd Pondera Counties (near Cut Bank) - th e "Camp Disappointment" site, a nd the "Two Medicine River Fight Site" - and on June 15th h e will conduct a tour for ch apter members to these historic places. There will be a June 24th field trip for the organization to the Soil Conservation Service's natural area near Crooked Falls, and this will be followed by a picnic at Ryan P ark (th e Montana Power Company's recreational facility at Ryan Dam - th e h ydroelectric installation at Meriweth er Lewis's "Great Falls of the Missouri").
The chapter is pursuing a number of exciting and important projects: the a uthentication of a suspected site of an Expedition cach e; th e support of the activities associated with the recently appointed (Govern or's) Montana Lewis and Clark Trail Advisory Council; an interest in the development of a Lewis and Clark Interpretive Center in the Great Falls area; the editing and printing of th e h a nd-out brochure relating to the giant (Orduno) mural that describes the Expedition's 18
We Proceeded On, May 1985
mile portage a round the Great Falls of the Missouri River that is permanently installed in the terminal building at the Great Falls International Airport; and the continued sale of maps (see page 14) and oth er publications relating to Lewis and Clark history and h eritage in the area.
* * * * * * The ORE GON LEWIS AND CLARK HERITAGE FOUNDATION (an affiliate of the n ational Foundation and the Oregon Historica l Society) h eld its first 1985 quarterly meeting on April 3rd. Because of parking problems a nd other considerations, th e organization 's meeting place has been changed to the Dubach Room, Templeton Center, Lewis and Clark College, in southwest Portland. Following the business meeting, wh ich included considerable discussion r elated t o meeting program content, Vice President Malcolm Buffum provided a book review of Dr. James Ronda's new book Lewis and Clark among the Indians. Malcolm was joined later in the evening by James Pierson and their presentation was titled "Weapons of th e Lewis a nd Cla rk Period" a nd their program included the display of replicas of some of t h e firearm s related to the time of th e Expedition. Meetings for the ba lance of 1985 were announced as follows: F ield Trip, June 22nd, Fort Canby-Cape Disappointment, Lewis and Clark Interpretive Center; October 9th, Lewis and Clark College; and December 11th, Lewis and Clark College.
* * * * * * There is information from Omaha, Nebraska, detailing the organization of THE NEBRASKA-IOWA LEWIS AND CLARK ASSOCIATION and the prospects are that this organization will become a n affiliate or chapter of the Lewis and Clark Trail Heritage Foundation, Inc. A group of 45 to 50 individuals h eld a n "Informational and Organization a l" meeting on March 5, 1985. F oundation Past President Strode Hinds and Foundation Past Director Mildred Goosman, a nd Foundation Director Gary Moulton attended the meeting. Local organizers Jack Schmidt, Dick Fletcher, Tom Gilbert, Ch arles Martin, Steve Kemper, Mark Hinds a n d many others h ave enthusiastically supported the activity. A steering committee a ppointed at the March 5th meeting met on March 14th for the purpose of preparing a ~late of protem officers to present at a scheduled meeting on April 19th, at the W. Dale Clark Library, Omaha.
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Unfortunately inclement weather, including high winds and a tornado warning, caused the meetin g to be can celled. A report from that rescheduled meeting will a ppear in a forthcoming issue of We Proceeded On.
Pres. Sherman Presents KJHS L & C Essay Award
By good fortune President Bill Sherman was in Louisville, Kent ucky the week of April 15th, a nd took extra time to attend the Annual Meeting of the Kentucky Junior Hi storical Society on Saturday, April 19th in Richmond, Kentucky, before he returned to Portland. The KJHS event wa.s h eld this year on th e campus of East Kentucky University a nd was attended by some 700 boys and girls from various chapters of the society through the state of Kentucky.
Kimberly Wisdom, Green County High School, was the Lewi s and Clark Essay Contest's Grand Prize winner , and Sherman made the presentation of the Foundation's attractively framed certificate a nd a ch eck for $100.00.
This is the third year that th e foundation has spon sored the essay contest in cooperation with the Society, and the popularity of the contest attracts many entries. Organizations or sch ool systems wishing to sponsor a Lewis and Clark essay or art contest should develop their own rules a nd guidelines. This information and request for participation should be forwarded to the Foundation's Secretary (address on page two). The secretary will forward the request to the ch airmen of the Foundation 's Young Adults Activity Committee a nd th e Monetary Grants Committee. The committees' consideration will be forthcoming, a nd a rrangements made for the preparation of the framed certificate(s) and monetary award(s).
Jacques Cousteau Documentary on Mississippi-Missouri Rivers
Provides Views of Lewis and Clark Country
Lewis and Clark enthusiasts may have already seen or may look forward to the syndication of a two hour TV documentary titled "Cousteau: Mississippi". The Costeau Society's ship Calypso sailed the entire length of the Mississippi twice during 1983. Their studies included plant and animal life in and alon g the river and in addition referred to the problems of pollution. Original plans for the documentary did not include segments related to the Mississippi's largest tributary, but the Society's advanced scouts were so impressed with the scenery, environment, and history of the Missouri that Cousteau traveled to Montana from Paris, France, to view this region.
A lengthy segment of the documentary made on the stretch of the Missouri downriver from Fort Benton, Montana, through the White Cliffs area is the only segment containing live-voice commentary by Cousteau. Travel through this area was by motorized rubber craft and most of this portion was filmed from a hovering helicopter. Cousteau is shown playing a n accordian at a campsite they established
in the same bottomland where the Expedition established one of their camps in 1805. " It is nearly two centuries since Lewis and Clark gazed in awe at the apparitions that hem the rive!," Cousteau says in his commentary. " I, too, share their astonishment; surrounded by these walls of spires and figures. I feel myself in the ruins of some vast and ancient edifice, a museum in time."1
During the Cousteau party's five weeks in Montana, footage was made from the Society's helicopter of the birth of the Missouri River at Three Forks where the Jefferson, Madison, and Gallatin Rivers join their waterways to form the Missouri. Spectacular scenery has been included along the Missouri north of Helena known as "The Gates of the Mountains."2 There is also an exdting rafting scene made on the Madison River's treacherous "Bear Trap Canyon" near the community of Norris. At Fort Peck Dam, near Glasgow, the film reveals the first of the seven major dams and the radical changes that now involve "the once truant Missouri." In this section of the documentary there
COLLECTOR'S ITEMS!
are sequences describing the prehistoric denizens - the sturgeon and paddlefish - from the depths of the inundation that is now the Fort Peck Reservoir.
The first showings of the documentary were via WTBS-Atlanta-Cable on April 2, 7, and 29. Syndication is indicated to follow on some 76 or more local TV stations in markets nationwide. If you did not have the opportunity to view the WTBS Cable presentations, watch for notice of showings on your local TV station. Lewis and Clark country fared well in this latest Cousteau enterprise.
1. Cousteau's statements are synonymous with Meriwether Lewis's " ... Clifts which exhibit a most romantic appearance," and his " ... seens of visionary inchantment . .. " See Reuben Thwaites (Editor), Original Journals of the Lewis and Clark Expedition, 1804·1806, Dodd, Mead & Co., N.Y., 1904. Reprint editions: Antiquarian Press, N.Y., 1959; Arno Press, N .Y., 1969. Vol. 2, pp. HXJ.102.
2. Lewis journal (ibid. Vol. 2, p. 248) states: " ... from the singular appearance of this place I call it th e gates of the rocky mountains." This is a stretch of the Missouri River where it creates a spectacular gorge as it cuts through a spur of the Big Belt Mountains about 5 miles north of Helena, Montana.
MAP OF THE EXPEDITION'S PORTAGE AT THE GREAT FALLS OF THE MISSOURI PROVIDES CARTOGRAPHIC DETAILS AND A CHRONICLE OF THE ORDEAL AND TRIUMPH OVER THIS BARRIER TO THEIR WESTWARD PROGRESS
Foundation member, cartographer Robert N. Bergantino, Butte, Montana, with a thorough understanding of the Expedition's travel route and activities in the Great Falls area, has produced an outstanding cartographic gem. Measuring 23 X 30 inches (image size) and reproduced on fine paper, in addition to the cartography, Bob has lettered-in some fifty journal entry excerpts in his expert calligraph y. These pin-point exact locations and provide a chronicle of the experiences and accomplishments of the Captains and their party while effecting the arduous 18 mile portage around the series of falls in this area.
If you have struggled through the journal texts and endeavored to fix in your mind the intricate details and geography of this segment of the journey, you will find it attractively and accurately portrayed in this medium by Bob Bergantino.
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A second cartographic study by Bergantino is a 20 X 28 inch (image size) reproduction of William Clark's June 1 7-19, 1805, survey of the Great Falls (the several falls), and his June 23, 1805 survey of the portage route. Additional details (and a part of this study) have been derived from maps in the Captain's field notebooks and from Clark's journal entries for July 8, 1805, and his "Courses and Distances" (Thwaites: VI: 5-8).
The two maps described here were produced in time to be available for purchase by attendees at last August's 16th Annual Meeting. Additional copies of the two maps are available. Send your order with remittance of $17.00 (for both maps including postage and handling) to: Portage Route Chapter , P.O. Box 2424, Great Falls, MT 59403.
We Proceeded On, May 1985
Josephine M. Love 1892 - 1985 Well-known as a maker of historical flags, Josephine M. Love, Astoria, Oregon, passed away J a nuary 24, 1985. Mrs. Love made many differen t designs of the American flag including facsimiles of the flag carried across the continent by the Lewis and Clark Expedition. Over 100 of her Lewis and Clark flags h ave been distributed over the years to Trail State Governors and historical societies.
In 1974 during the Sixth Annual Meeting of the Foundation at Seaside-Astoria, Oregon, - IlwacoCape Disappointment, Washington, one of her Lewis a nd Clark flags was given to the Foundation. The flag was presented to the late Foundation charter member E.E. "Boo" Macgilvra by E.M. Marriott. Mr. Marriott was a close friend a nd associate of Mrs. Love and together they presented their p rograms1
titled "Evolution of Our Flag". The presentation was made at the Sixth Annual Banquet, a nd in accepting the flag "Boo" suggested that the flag should carry the terminology "The Foundation President's Flag" and should remain in his custody during his term as president, be displayed at each annual meeting, and passed to the incoming presi· dent at the annual banquets.
(Left) Past-President, Gail Stensland (1977-1978) and the late Past-President Mitchell Doumit (1978-1979) unfurl the Foundation's (15 bar, 15 star) President's Flag at the Foundation's 10th Annual Meeting, Vancouver, Washington, 1978. The flag, a replica of the E xpedition's flag, and a gift from the late Josephine Loue, Astoria, Oregon, was presented to the Foundation at the 6th Annual Meet· ing, Seaside, Oregon, August, 1974.
1. A 40 minute program presented to fraternal organizations, service clubs, youth groups and schools relating to the history of the nation's flags.
We Proceeded On, May 1985
Josephine Love was born in Fort Robinson, Nebraska. Her father was a civilia n employee with the U.S. Army, and the family moved to Fort Wall a Wall a in sou th east Washington state, where she attended school and married James V. Short. They owned and operated a wheat ranch near Walla Walla. Followin g Mr. Short's death, she moved to Astoria, Oregon a nd in 1950 married Chester M. Love. Mr. Love passed away in 1969. Josephine was an active member in several fraternal organizations, and worked for more than 40 years with the local Red Cross chapter. She was a mem her of the Clatsop County Historical Society, and affiliated with the Lewis and Clark Tra il Heritage Foundation soon after its organization. She is survived by a son, James V. Short, Walla Walla, four sisters, a brother, a stepdaughter, stepson , grandch ildren , step-grandchildren, nieces, and nephews.
News Note M embers of the F ounda tion's (ad hoc) Liaison With Nature Conservancy of Canada - Mackenzie Trail Committee (Chairman Ralph Rudeen, Victor Eklund, a nd Bob Lange) met recently with Mr. Russell J. Irvine, Director, The Heritage Conservation Branch, Ministry of Provincial Secretary and Government Services, Victoria, B.C., a nd John Woodworth, Kelowna, B.C. For severa l years, Woodworth has spearheaded a movement to preserve, interpret, and develop the history and heritage of the 1 793 Alexander Mackenzie Trail across British Columbia to the Pacific. Recen t funding for beginning the project brought the Canadians to Seattle, Washington to meet with the Foundation's committee to review and discuss the early (1970) organization and the present activities of the Lewis and Clark Trail Heritage Foundation, Inc. A recent letter from John Woodworth to the editor expressed thanks to the committee for their interest and the exchange of information, and indicated that registration is underway for the organization of the Alexander Mackenzie Heritage Trail Society. This will be a lay organization , similar to our Foundation, to work with the British Columbia Government Services toward developmen t of the Mackenzie Trail.
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Marian L. Sherman 1911-1985 The Foundation regrets the March 3, 1985 passing of Marian L. Sherman, Portland, Oregon, wife of our President Bill Sherman. Marian and Bill have been regular attendees at our annual meetings since 1977, and h er presence and friendshi p will be missed by the m any Foundation members who knew her. In addition to Bill, she is survived by a son, Roger Sherman, Portland; a daughter, Charis Howser, Spokane, Washington; and six grandchildren.
Change of Address A costly part of the distribution and mailing of our quarterly publication, WE PROCEEDED ON is the administration and ha ndling of mailed-out copies of the publication that are returned because the addressee has moved. Whether or not members have left a forwarding address with their post office when they moved, WPO is returned to the Foundation. We mail our magazine on a Non-Profit-Organization bulk mail permit (a reduced rate type of Third-Class Mail, at about .052 to .08 per issue depending on the number of pages, inserts, a nd total weight). This type of mail is not eligible for forwarding and is returned to the sender (the Foundation). When i t is returned we are assessed "Postage Due" at the regular singlepiece T hird-Class Rate (anywhere from .56 to .98 depending on weight). If and when we have your new address (sometimes provided by the post office), we mail out the returned issue to you and this postage costs us the same as the "Postage Due" fee when it was returned. The total cost of such tran sactions, therefore, costs the Foundation anywhere from $1.12 to $1.96.
If you are about to move, it would be much appreciated if you would provide us with your new address (the USPS has a card for this purpose, their Form 3576) - it will save the Foundation money as well as administration time.
WPO SUPPLEMENTARY PUBLICATIONS
These publications bring to members of the Foundation and others, s pecial items of interest, and on occasion, reprints of out-of-print publications that are not otherwise available.
WPO Publication No. 1, October 1976 $2.00 "Proceedings of the Eighth Annual Meeting, August 15-18, 1976, Great Falls, Montana"
Conten ts: "President's Message", by Wilbur P. Werner; "Status of Missouri River Breaks Wild and Scenic River Legislation", by Edwin Zaidlicz; "Sacagawea and Sacagawea Spring", by E.G. Chuinard, M.D.; "The Expedition 's Journa ls - Captain Lewis's Discovery and Desc1iption of the Grea t Falls of the Missouri River", by Robert E. La nge; "The White Pirogue of the Lewis and Clark Expedition", by Bob Saindon.
WPO Publication No. 2, July 1977 "Our Dog Scannon - Partner in Discovery"
.75¢
Ernest S . Osgood's monograph about the Expedition 's Newfoundland dog. A delightful perspective of the canine member of the exploring party. Reprint from Montana the Magazine of Western History, Vol. XXVI, No. 3, Summer 1977.
WPO Publication No. 3, July 1978 $1.50 "Beacon Rock on the Columbia: Legends and Traditions of a Famous Landmark", by Henry J_ Biddle.
A rep1in t of Biddle's 1925 monograph concerning the acquisition and preservation of the 800 foot high landmark on the Columbia River. Lewis a nd Clark described the geologic formation in 1805-1806. Annotations by Robert E. La nge.
WPO Publication No. 4, December 1980 $2.50
"Three Papers Presented at the Foundation's 12th Ann ual Meeting, Omaha, Nebraska, and Sioux City, Io wa, Aug ust 20-22, 1980"
Contents: "Sergeant Floyd and the F loyd Memorial a t Sioux City, Iowa", by Edward Ruisch ; "Some Thoughts on the Death of Sergeant Charles Floyd", by E.G. Chinard, M.D.; "Expansion of the Fur Trade Following Lewis a nd Clark", by Charles E. Ha nson, Jr.
WPO Publication No. 5, August 1981 .75¢
"Thirteenth Annual Meeting - Visit to the Missoula County Co urthouse - The Edgar Samuel Paxson Murals", compiled by Robert E. Lange.
The visit to the Missoula, Montana, courthouse was an event during th e Foundation 's Annual Meeting. This publication provides biographical information about Montana a rtist Edgar Paxson , and description s of two of the eight Paxson murals in the courthouse that depict incidents related to the Expedition in the Missoula Area.
WPO Publication No. 6, July 1982 $4 .00 "Contributions of Phi'ladelphia to Lewis and Clark History", by Paul Russell Cutright. 52 pages, illustrations.
Dr. Cutrigh t provides an in-depth study of activities related to the Expedition in Philadelphia, both before (1803) and after (1807-1814) the explorers' return. Litterateur Nicholas Biddle's contiibution toward seeing to the publication of a narrative based on the Captains' journals is included in Dr. Cutright's fine monograph.
WPO Publication No. 7, May 1984
Lewis's Woodpecker - Clark's Nutcracker
$4.00
Color portraits of birds whose n ames m emorialize the surnames of Captains Lewis and Clark. Reproduced from color paintings by Marie Nonnast Bohlen th rough the courtesy of Fawcett Publications a nd publisher Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Two 8 X 10 inch portraits with descriptive captions on fine paper stock in authentic color, and suitable for framing.
For more information concerning the ornithology of the Lewis and Clark Expedition, see We Proceeded On, Vol. 10, Nos. 2 & 3, May 1984.
WPO Publication No. 8, November 1984 $3.00
"Meriwether Lewis and William Clark and the Discovery of Monta na", by Harry W. Fr itz, 32 pages, maps.
This is an unabridged transc1ipt of a paper presented at the 16th Annual Banquet of the Foundation, Great Falls, Montana, Augus t 8, 1984. Dr. Fritz in his fine speaking a nd writing style, a nd backed by his exten sive knowledge, has produced this review of the purpose, organization and personnel of th e exploring enterprise. In addition it presents a fin e recapitulation of the Expedition's documentation of their experiences and discovery of what is today the great state of Montana. It was in Montana where the exploring party spent the most "traveling" days while traveling the most miles, overcame one of their greatest obstacles to their favorite river tra'(el (th e Great Falls of the Missouri), and establish ed their most n umerous nigh t encampmen ts.
Prices for the above publication s include postage and cost of production only.
Order from: WPO Publications, 5054 S.W. 26th Place, Portland, OR 97201. Make checks payable t o the Foundation. Postage stamps are acceptable in lieu of ch ecks.
THE FOUNDATION NEEDS THE CONTINUED INTEREST AND ENCOURAGEMENT OF LEWIS AND CLARK ENTHUSIASTS ON A NATION-WIDE BASIS. WE HOPE, IF YOU ARE NOT ALREADY A MEMBER, THAT YOU WILL CONSIDER LENDING YOUR SUPPORT TO THE FOUNDATION. IF YOU REQUIRE ADDITIONAL INFORMATION, A PROSPECTUS DESCRIBING THE FOUNDATION, TOGETHER WITH A MEMBERSHIP APPLICATION, WILL BE FORWARDED PROMPTLY. ADDRESS YOUR REQUEST TO THE SECRETARY.
WE PROCEEDED ON derives from the phrase which appears repeatedly in the collective journals .of the Expedition: -
"this mo ming we set out early and proceeded on ... "
" ... wind from the S. W. we proceeded on . .. until 6 oC/cck ... "
" ... the fog rose thick from the hollars we proceeded on .. . "
"We proceeded on with four men in front to cut some bushes .. . "
"We set out early proceeded on past a Island on the S. Side ... " " . .. c:Wuded up ... We proceeded on under a fine breeze ... "
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Capt. Meriwether Lewis, July 19, 180.5.
Capt. William Clark, May 14, 1805.
Sgt. John Ordway, June 29, 1806.
Sgt. Patrick Gass, June 18, 1806. Sgt. Charles Floyd, June 26, 1004.
Pvt. Joseph Whitehouse, October 10, 1800.
We Proceeded On, May 1985
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