climate smart agriculture: scaling examples and lessons learned
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Climate Smart Agriculture: Scaling examples and learnings
Rajbir Singh
ATARI, Ludhiana
International Workshop on CSV September 3-6, 2015, Ludhiana
Agricultural Technology Application Research Institute (ATARI)
KVK Mandate: assessment, refinement and demonstration of
technologies/products to cater to the needs of farming community, extension
personnel and other stakeholders in the district.
Mandate of ATARI: Formulate, Implement, Monitor and Evaluate Programes and activities of Krishi Vigyan Kendras (Agriculture Science Centre)
KVK Activities:
•On-farm testing to identify the location specificity of agricultural technologies
•Organizing frontline demonstrations at farmers fields
•Organizing need based training of farmers to update their knowledge and skills in
modern agricultural technologies
•Creating awareness about improved technologies to larger masses through appropriate
extension programmes.
•Work as resource and knowledge centre of agricultural technology
Total KVKs (ASCs): 641
8 Zones and ATARIs Total KVKs: 70 Zone-1
ATARI, Ludhiana
National Innovations on Climate Resilient Agriculture (NICRA)
Objectives
• To enhance resilience of Indian agriculture (including crops, livestock and fisheries) to
climatic variability and climate change
• To demonstrate site specific technology packages on farmers’ fields to cope with
current climatic variability
• To enhance the capacity of scientists, farmers and other stakeholders in climate
resilient agricultural research and awareness of impacts
Project Components
Strategic Research
Technology Demonstrations
Capacity Building
Sponsored / Competitive
research grants
PROGRAM AREAS
• Rainfed crop production systems
• Irrigated crop production systems
• Horticultural production systems
• Soil, water and nutrient management
• Monitoring of GHGs
• Resource use efficiency in agriculture
• Improved machinery for adaptation and
mitigation
• Livestock and Dairy sector
• Fisheries including Aquaculture
Implementation framework
ICAR
NRM Div.
CRIDA
Extn. Div
ATARI
KVK
NICRA village
Plan of Work
PRA
FGD
Baseline
Action plan
Interventions
Impact & up-scaling
Village level Climate Risk
Management Committee
(VCRMC)
(10-20 villagers)
ZMC for Monitoring
& Third party
evaluation
Baseline Information for CSVs
MaxT, MinT & RF monthly normals
Temperature deviations from normal
RF monthly departures (June to Sep)
Household surveys of 50-100 farmers in each selected village: Holding sizes & Farm typologies
AWS network and data access
• AWS network server at ICAR-CRIDA
www.aicrpam-nicra-aws.in
Setting up of small weather station in the village
Temperature
rainfall
Climate literacy for value added agro-advisories
Climate Smart Villages
1. Natural Resource
Management
3. Livestock & Fisheries Production
System
4. Village level Institutional mechanisms
2. Crop Production
Systems
Modules & portfolio of interventions for Climate smart Villages
• On-farm water management including rain water harvesting • Conservation tillage • Land management • Soil health management
• Multiple stress tolerant & short duration varieties
• Resilient crops & cropping systems
• Crop diversification • Adjustments in
planting time • Planting methods BBF • Soil test based nutrient
management
• Stress tolerant breeds eg., small ruminants
• Feed & Fodder management
• Shelter & Health management
• Establishment of Village Climate Risk Management Committees (VCRMCs)
• Custom hiring centres for farm machinery
• Seed & Fodder banks
Assessment of Interventions* C S Interventions Food security Climate Risk
Management Adaptation Mitigation
NRM
Laser land levelling
++ ++ ++ +++
Crop Production
Zero tillage ++ ++ +++ ++
Crop diversification
+++ +++ + +
Livestock Production
Mineral mixtures ++ +++ +
Institutional
Agro-advisories ++ +++ +
* Potential: +++ high, ++ medium; + reasonable
Towards climate smart villages
Bhalot village in Kutch –
towards climate smartness
155 households 771 population 1040 livestock 142 livestock owners
Sandy / Sandy loam soils, undulated topography
Av. Annual rainfall 360 mm, 13-15 rainy days
Land use: 2176 ha geographical area of village, 1016 ha cultivated area, 560 ha irrigated area (430 ha open wells, 35 ha under tube wells; 61 ha fallow, 160 ha pasture
Scanty rainfall Sea water intrusion (5 km), salinity Depletion of groundwater Cyclonic storms Soil erosion
Baseline established
The case of
Climate smart practices in Bhalot village, Kutch, Gujarat
NRM interventions
In-situ measures Farm bunding with
pucca waist weir, 41 farmers, 82 ha,
convergence with DWDU
Stop dams for community use (3)
(Farmer contribution @ Rs 1000)
Recharging of wells
Efficient use thro’ drip irrigation (convergence)
Border plantation (fruit plants)
Climate smart practices in Bhalot village, Kutch
Crop Interventions
Cumin (GC-4), 170 demos, 68 ha, 32% increase, 9.5 vs 7.2
q/ha)
Cotton (drip irrigation), 20 farmers, 31 ha
Cluster bean (GG-2), 100 demos, 40 ha, 26% productivity increase (17.5 vs
13.8 q/ha)
Castor (GCH-7), 15 demos, 6 ha, 16%
productivity increase (40 q vs
36.6 q/ha)
Climate smart practices in Bhalot village, Kutch
Livestock interventions
Improved shelter for livestock for heat stress (5
models)
Community fodder
production – Dhaman grass
Breed improvement in
the village (3 pure breed
Kankrej bulls)
Cattle health, 678 animals,
convergence with Dept.
Milk yield increased by 15-25% in the village
Climate Smart practices in Bhalot village, Kutch
VCRMC
Custom hiring centre
Rs 30000
Seed bank
Fodder sorghum (Gundri) (860 kg), Lucerne (620 kg)
Community fodder bank, 380
animals, 142 livestock owners
24 meetings,
Bank deposit Rs 3.25 lakhs
Mitigation co-benefits - Carbon balance in Kutch village (t CO2 eq)
-10000
-8000
-6000
-4000
-2000
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
Def
ore
stat
ion
Aff
ore
stat
ion
Oth
er L
UC
An
nu
als
Per
enn
ials
Pad
dy
Live
sto
ck
Inp
uts
Final Carbon balance
Gross fluxes All GHGs in tCO2 eq. Without With project Balance
Total 23,902 21,773 -2,128
Per hectare 20 18 -2
Per hectare per year 1.0 0.9 -0.1
Local Ragi ML365
Drought proofing of another rainfed village – Tumkur, Karnataka
Interventions in four modules (NRM, Crops, Livestock and Institutional) Investment @ US $ 25K/year over 3 years generated additional wealth
and environmental services valued at $ 115K Enabled farmers to cope with severe drought where the loss was
restricted to 30% as against 70% in neighboring villages
Mitigation co-benefits: Carbon balance in Tumkur village (t CO2 eq)
-10000
-8000
-6000
-4000
-2000
0
2000
4000
Final Carbon balance
Tumkur village Gross fluxes: All GHGs in tCO2 eq. Without With project Balance
Total 8,960 -3,590 -12,549
Per hectare 30 -12 -41 Per hectare per year 1.5 -0.6 -2.1
Yagantipalle, Kurnool, AP)
Setaria + Pigeonpea (5:1)
Adoption of resilient Intercropping System – coping with erratic rainfall
-53 -73
- 94 June July August September OctoberR
F (%
)
2014
Ann. mean RF 633 mm
2011 2012 20132014
25
95 150
220
10
120
225
300 No. of farmersArea (ha)
Coverage 60 % farmers 47% area
8 q/ha, Rs.2500/q, short duration, suitable for delayed planting, fodder value
Staggered Community nursery technique • To avoid transplanting of over-aged seedlings (medium to long duration varieties in
lowlands)
• Nursery sowings on 15th June, 28th June and 12th July
• Technique adopted by the State Dept. of Agriculture, Bihar (Rs 16500 /acre nursery)
Coping with delayed onset of monsoon
Direct Seeding of Rice with Drum Seeder in Puddled Field
Technology Demonstrated
Yield (q/ha)
Water required
(m3 )
Water saving
%
Diesel Consumed (lit.)
Diesel saving
%
Sowing with Paddy Drum
Seeder 45.5 3000 14.0 71 16
Farmer practice (Transplanting)
40.8 3500 - 85 -
* Discharge of 5 HP Diesel pumpset 42000 lit/hr
• DSR with Drum Seeder in puddled field demonstrated in Bihar, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Andhra Pradesh and Kerala
Saving 35 Man Days in transplanting and nursery uprooting Flexible Sowing date depending on onset of monsoon Flexibility in selection of variety Disease incidence reduced by 30%
Tolerant paddy
cultivars
Yield (q/ha) % increase
in yield B: C
ratio
Demo Local
Swarna Sub-1 41.25 33.75 18.9 2.09
MTU-1061 45.28 28.1 23.1 1.84
MTU-1140 55.1
31.8 73.2 2.01
Demonstration of Tolerant Paddy Varieties in Flood Prone Areas
MTU-1061
Swarna sub-1
• Flood tolerant paddy varieties demonstrated in Assam, AP, Orissa, Bihar, West Bengal, Gujarat • Identified performing varieties in low, medium and
high inundation areas • Submergence tolerance from 7-10 days • Increased yield due to reduced extent of lodging • Prevented loss in grain and straw yield
Preservation of green fodder in silage bags - – small dairy units
Capacity of bag : 500 kg Crop : Maize No. of farmers : 5 (2 bags /farmer) Date of silage done : 21.09.14 Date opened : 4.11.14 (after 42 d) Feeding rate/animal: 5 kg/day
Kurnool (A.P)
Impact: No reduction in milk yield during summer; 8 litres per day as against 3 lpd (control)
Pit size 16x 6 x 5 feet capacity 8 t
Augmenting Fodder Availability in Dry Months - Medium size dairy units
Silage making demonstrated in Jalgaon KP, Pune District
Enabling village level support systems
Village Climate Risk Management Committee (VCRMCs) – people’s participation for prioritization & decision making
Name of the VCRMC
Village name
No. of members
Bank details
A/C no. Amount
VCRMC, Gumla
Gunia 12 493510110006239
44000
TDC
CS villages in Ropar (Punjab) Total cultivated area 561 ha
Small - marginal farmers 70%
Major cropping system Paddy -wheat
Area under Wheat 424 ha
Area under Paddy 402 ha
Villages
Rasidpur
Fatehgarh viran
Rampur fasse
Mohanmajra
Major environmental concern : Burning of paddy residue
Intervention : wheat sowing with Happy Seeder in 20 ha during Rabi 2014-15
Parameters
(Rs / ha)
Method of sowing
Happy seeder Conventional (seed drill)
Cost of field preparation based
on custom hiring charges 2500 6350
Weedicide and labour charges 400 1375
Pesticide 90 -
Total 2990 7725
Net saving 4735
Economics of wheat sowing with happy seeder and conventional sowing
Resilience due to Happy Seeder
Parameters Happy seeder sowing Conventional sowing
Lodging (%) 2 15-20
Yield (q/ha) 52.50 46.25
Happy Seeder
sown plot
Conventional
plot
Major climatic adversity during Winter 2014-15 Rainfall (mm) 2015
Month Feb March April
Rain
(mm)
48 (34) 82 (43) 35 (11)
Summer moong Zero till wheat
Ropar, Faridkot, Fatehgarh Sahib (Punjab)
Summer moong
Area (ha) Farmers 138 302
Direct Seeded Rice
Area (ha) Farmers 94 91
Zero till wheat
Area (ha) Farmers 168 273
0
50
100
150Area (ha) Farmers
0
10
20
30
40Area (ha) Farmers
0
50
100
150Area (ha) Farmers
DSR
Towards Developing Climate Smart villages
• In XII Plan period, the vision is to develop at least 50 CSVs by 2016-17
• These villages should act as hubs for upscaling climate smart practices under NMSA. The Vision is to have all these villages fully comply with CR practices like
1. Utilization of complete surface water harvesting potential 2. Mandatory ground water recharge structures 3. Fertilizer use only based on soil testing 4. Nitrogen application based on better products 5. Use of energy efficient pumps for water lifting 6. No burning of crop residues; mandatory greening of waste lands with tree cover 7. Green and brown manuring to the extent feasible 8. Water saving paddy cultivation practices (direct seeding, AWD etc.) 9. Mandatory vaccination of livestock for seasonal diseases 10. Livestock feeding, housing and manure management that emit least methane 11. All farmers to have access to agro advisories through mobiles 12. Appropriate weather insurance packages identified
Linkages among NAPCC, SAPCC, LAPA and climate smart villages (CSVs)
Source: Aryal et al (2015), CIMMYT-CCAFS
Interface Meeting
for up-scaling of CS Technologies
Summing up
Integrated farming system approach to adaptation in CS villages including technological interventions, management practices, institutional and policy interventions has shown promising results
Case studies demonstrated evidences of productivity and income enhancement and adaptation with mitigation co-benefits
Mainstreaming of these smart practices in NMSA has begun with a Policy Dialogue with the Ministry of Agriculture for its out scaling
Initiative taken for follow-up of Technology Demonstrations in cluster villages
Way Forward
Mapping area and farming system specific climate smart practices / products
Develop framework and metrics for CSA
Integrated modelling framework to develop local area plans and out scaling
Simple Decision Support tools for prioritisation of climate smart practices for investment planning
Institutional mechanisms and convergence
My Village my pride (Launched during July 2015 by Prime Minister)
• Scheme to make scientists (NARES) adopt villages, promote best farming practices –step towards CSA and CSV
• 20,ooo scientists (group of 4-5) will adopt village to guide farmers
• Overall 4000-5000 villages will be benefited
• More focussed on breezing gap and convergence of Govt policies
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