classification scientific names organisms are universally...

Classifying Organisms

* Organisms are divided into 3 domains

and 6 kingdoms based on the following

characteristics

Classification

Cell Structure: Cell wall & Organelles

Cell wall give structure & support

Cell Type: Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic

Prokaryotic - No nucleus

Eukaryotic - nucleus

Classification

Classifying Organisms

* Organisms are divided into 3

domains and 6 kingdoms based on the

following characteristics

Number of cells: Unicellular vs. Multicellular

Unicellular - 1 cell

Multicellular - more than 1 cell

Nutrition: Autotrophic vs. Heterotrophic

Autotrophic - makes their own food

Heterotrophic - must consume food

Reproduction: Asexual vs. Sexual

DOMAINS

KINGDOMS

Classifying Organisms

ArchaebacteriaDomain - ArchaeaKingdom - Archaebacteria

* Prokaryotic cells* Cell walls do not contain peptidoglycan* Unicellular* Can be autotrophic or heterotrophic* Live in extreme environments

Examples: Thermophiles - extreme temperaturesHalophiles - extreme salinityMethanogens – live in methane gas

Classifying Organisms

Bacteria

* Prokaryotic cells* Cell walls contain peptidoglycan* Unicellular* Can be autotrophic or heterotrophic* Asexual Reproduction

Examples: Streptococcus

Escherichia

coli

Domain - BacteriaKingdom - Eubacteria

* Bacteria can be further classified by shape

Coccus (cocci): round

Bacillus (bacilli): rod-like

Spirillus (spirilli): spiral

Classifying Organisms

Bacteria

Examples: strep throat,

pneumonia, tuberculosis

* Bacteria can be harmful

- Pathogens: agents that cause disease

- Can be treated with an antibiotic

* Bacteria can be helpful

- Help to produce food products: yogurt, pickles

- Decomposers - recycle nutrients in the environment

- Help organisms digest food

- Transgenic bacteria can produce medicines

Classifying Organisms

Protists

Domain - Eukarya

Kingdom - Protista

* Eukaryotic cells

* (some) Cell walls contain cellulose

* Unicellular and multicellular

* Can be autotrophic or heterotrophic

* Mostly asexual reproduction

Examples: Paramecium, euglena, algae

Classifying Organisms

Protist Movement

* Flagella - whiplike projection

* Cilia - hairlike projections

* Pseudopod - false foot formed when cytoplasm moves into a

projection of the cell membrane

* Protists can be helpful

- Help to produce food products: ice cream, gels

- Algae produce the majority of oxygen on our planet

* Protists can be harmful

- Pathogens: agents that cause disease

Examples: malaria, ameobic

dysentary

Classifying Organisms

Protist effect on equilibrium

* These are beneficial, but can be harmful

when the microorganisms disrupt the

ecosystem equilibrium

*Example: If something were to happen to

green algae, the decrease in population size

would severely affect the rest of the

ecosystem that is dependent on algae (pretty

much everything)

Classifying Organisms

Fungi

Domain - Eukarya

Kingdom - Fungi

* Eukaryotic cells

* Cell walls contain chitin

* Unicellular and multicellular

* Heterotropic decomposers - externally digest dead matter

* Asexual and Sexual reproduction

Examples: Yeast, bread mold, mushrooms

* Fungi can be helpful

- Decomposers - recycle nutrients

- Live on plant roots and help plants absorb nutrients

- Food products - mushrooms, bread, wine, soy

sauce

- Used to produce antibiotics; penicillin

* Fungi can be harmful

- Pathogens: agents that cause disease

Examples: athletes foot, ringworm

- Spoil food

Classifying Organisms

Fungi

Domain - Eukarya

Kingdom – Fungi

* Fungi can disrupt the ecosystem equilibrium

The Great Famine of Ireland (1800’s)

-Potato Blight

-Fungus that infected potatoes

-Caused humans to starve as

a result, resulted in a mass

immigration from Ireland

Classifying Organisms

Plants

Domain - Eukarya

Kingdom - Plantae

* Eukaryotic cells

* Cell walls contain cellulose

* Multicellular

* Autotrophic

* Asexual and Sexual reproduction

Examples: Corn, ferns, pine trees

Classifying Organisms

Animals

Domain - Eukarya

Kingdom - Animalia

* Eukaryotic cells

* No cell wall

* Multicellular

* Heterotrophic

* (Mostly) sexual reproduction

Examples: bees, turtles, fish, elephants