classification of life terms to know prokaryote: – simple cells that have no nucleus eukaryote:...

CLASSIFICATION OF LIFETerms To Know•Prokaryote:

– Simple cells that have no nucleus•Eukaryote:

– Complex cells, with a nucleus and many organelles•Unicellular:

– Organisms made of one cell•Multicellular:

– Organisms made of two or more cells•Autotroph:

– Producers who make their own food•Heterotroph:

– Consumers who get energy from other sources besides themselves

3 Domains, 6 Kingdoms

Taxonomy:The science of identifying and classifying into related groups

Taxon: a group

Taxa

Binomial Nomenclature

• A two-word scientific name assigned to every species

• Assigned by the Genus species• Examples:– Homo sapiens – Acer rubrum– Panthera tigris

Genus is always capitalized, species is lower case

3 Domains, 6 Kingdoms

Bacteria

• All of the unicellular prokaryotes• Can be autotrophic or heterotrophic

• Examples: Streptococcus, E-Coli, Cyanobacteria

Eubacteria vs. Archaebacteria(2 separate domains and kingdoms)

• Eubacteria– Contain most types of bacteria– Found in nearly all conditions

• Archaebacteria– Found in unusual conditions: volcanic

vents and hot springs– Have unusual lipids in their cell

membranes

E-Coli (Eubacteria)

Streptococcus pyogenes (Strep Throat) Eubacteria

Kingdom Protista

• Typically unicellular• Many of the exceptions to the rules– You’ll know it’s a Protista if it doesn’t fit any other

category

– Cell walls in some, some have chloroplasts– Most unicellular, some multi-cellular– Autotroph or heterotroph

Amoeba

Paramecium

Slime Molds

Kingdom Fungi

• Heterotrophs with cell walls• Most are multi-cellular (mushrooms) but

some are unicellular (yeast)

Mushrooms

Club Fungi

Kingdom Plantae

• Multicellular autotrophs with cell walls

Mosses

Ferns

Flowering Plants

Trees

Kingdom Animalia

• Multicellular heterotrophs with no cell walls

Coral

Insects

Fish

Birds

Amphibians and Reptiles

Mammals

Viruses• Viruses are not listed because viruses are not

living! • Viruses are a piece of DNA or RNA contained

by protein; they are not cells.• Viruses require a cell from one of the

kingdoms above to reproduce.

Representing Evolutionary Relationships:

Phylogenetic Tree:

- Scientific tree showing evolutionary history

- shows relationships thought to exist between groups or organisms

Representing Evolutionary Relationships:

Cladogram:

- Uses shared derived traits

- Derived traits indicate divergence from a common ancestor